Adjusting stream-sediment geochemical maps in the Austrian Bohemian Massif by analysis of variance

The Austrian portion of the Bohemian Massif is a Precambrian terrane composed mostly of highly metamorphosed rocks intruded by a series of granitoids that are petrographically similar. Rocks are exposed poorly and the subtle variations in rock type are difficult to map in the field. A detailed geochemical survey of stream sediments in this region has been conducted and included as part of the Geochemischer Atlas der Republik Österreich,and the variations in stream sediment composition may help refine the geological interpretation. In an earlier study, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to the stream-sediment data in order to minimize unwanted sampling variation and emphasize relationships between stream sediments and rock types in sample catchment areas. The estimated coefficients were used successfully to correct for the sampling effects throughout most of the region, but also introduced an overcorrection in some areas that seems to result from consistent but subtle differences in composition of specific rock types. By expanding the model to include an additional factor reflecting the presence of a major tectonic unit, the Rohrbach block, the overcorrection is removed. This iterative process simultaneously refines both the geochemical map by removing extraneous variation and the geological map by suggesting a more detailed classification of rock types.     

切磨过程中花岗石材料去除机理研究

深入理解切磨过程中花岗石材料的去除机理是优化加工设备，加工工具以及加工参数的基础。本文研究了花岗石的断口表面、锯切表面、粗磨表面以及精磨表面形貌特征，并结合切磨过程中临界载荷、单颗金刚石磨粒所承受的切削力以及比能特征，对加工表面形成机理进行了分析。研究表明，材料的去除机理与单颗磨粒的最大切削厚度直接相关。随着单颗金刚石磨粒最大切削厚度的减小、花岗石的去除方式也逐渐由脆性断裂为主转为塑性流变为主。由于不同的材料去除机制对应不同的能量消耗，可以通过调节单颗磨粒的最大切削厚度控制材料的去除方式，进而控制能量消耗。因此，均匀的磨粒出露高度对于控制切磨过程中材料的去除机理和优化加工过程具有重要意义。     

基于MODIS的青藏高原季节性积雪去云方法可行性比较研究

青藏高原地处中纬度地区,季节性积雪分布破碎,地面观测站点稀少,中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）可为该地区提供每日积雪监测数据,然而云是光学遥感最大的影响因素,为研究MODIS每日积雪产品去云方法在青藏高原的适用性,根据原理将去云方法归纳总结为五大类,并对每种方法的“潜在假设”开展分析讨论。结果显示：基于时间连续性的方法适用性强,去云效果明显,上下午积雪连续的平均概率为72.5%,而2~5d的连续积雪的概率为5.6%~43%不等,可靠性差;临近像元法可去除零散分布的云,平均正确率达到95.5%,但去除云量较少;基于高程的去云算法在山区适用性好,而在高原腹地由于坡度较小而错判概率较大;采用被动微波遥感数据进行去云则依赖于微波对云的识别率,往往误差较大;采用数学方法拟合积雪边界在积雪破碎、降雪融雪较快的青藏高原地区,物理意义较弱。通过分析研究表明,青藏高原地区MODIS日积雪产品的去云,需综合多种算法的区域适用性,充分考虑青藏高原地形及积雪本身的特征,逐步完善每日积雪去云工作。     

Batch and Column Experiments on Fluoride Removal from Waters Using Modified Zeolite

INTRODUCTIONNatural and m odified zeolites have been widely used inboth catalytic conversion processes and adsorption separationprocesses. Recently,because of their unique properties,growing interest has been focused on the zeolites for use in ionexchange separation in water softening,pollution abatem ent,energy production,agriculture,metal processing and biomedi-cal areas. Most of the previous work was concentrated on thecation exchange property of zeolites. Several zeolites werefound to…     

Analysis of oil lens removal by extraction through a seepage face

Removal of LNAPL (oil) from an aquifer is described using a multiphase flow model. At the well boundary seepage face conditions are imposed. These conditions are implemented in a numerical model and withdrawal in a twodimensional domain is simulated for two different geometries of the oil lens and for varied values of the physical parameters. Assuming vertical equilibrium, the oil flow equation is reduced by vertical integration. The well boundary condition is approximated by imposing zero oil lens thickness. Similarity solutions of the reduced equations for the two geometries show good agreement with the numerical results in most cases.     

汉源大渡河大桥巨厚砂层大直径灌注桩施工技术

汉源大树大渡河大桥2号桥墩12根钻孔灌注桩,钻孔直径2500 mm,钻孔深度为63~75 m不等,桩径大,桩孔深,属于河水位以下的巨厚砂层桩基,具有一定的施工难度。2号墩基岩上覆覆盖层存在多层砂土及卵石夹土（质土）,且砂层巨厚,在11.5~49.4 m之间除厚5.5 m的卵石夹土外均为砂土,对桩基成孔施工极为不利。采用冲击钻进成孔,泥浆净化除渣系统,通过对钻头直径的控制、内护筒的使用、灌注时导管埋深的控制等措施,确保了工程的顺利完工。相关技术措施可为其他类似工程提供借鉴。     

Cr(Ⅵ)抗性菌株的筛选及其Cr(Ⅵ)去除特性研究

采用微生物分离纯化方法,从制革厂含铬污泥中筛选分离Cr (Ⅵ)抗性菌株,并研究菌株对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除能力.共分离得到对50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)去除率大于50%的菌株20株,16S rRNA基因测序结果表明这些细菌主要属于Acinetobacter、 Microbacterium、Leucobacter、Ochrobactrum和Brachymonas属.对其中7株细菌,考察了菌株生长期、pH值和Cr(Ⅵ)浓度对菌株去除Cr(Ⅵ)效果的影响,结果表明,细胞在有较高代谢活性的条件下具较高的Cr(Ⅵ)去除能力;pH值对菌株去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力具有显著影响,在50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)、pH值为7～8的条件下,Microbacterium属16号和21号菌株在36 h时对Cr (Ⅵ)的去除率达80%～95%;高浓度的Cr(Ⅵ)抑制菌株对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除能力,其中21号菌株在110 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)浓度下去除效果最佳,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达80%.     

利用天然矿物处理造纸黑液

实验使用未经处理的天然矿物处理草浆黑液 ,然后用其沉渣烧制陶瓷制品 ,形成一条与其他草浆黑液处理方法不同的思路。处理过程中 ,用硫酸溶液调节黑液的 pH值 ,再用天然矿物进行处理 ,处理效果最好的条件是 :pH =3,凹凸棒石粒度小于 6 0目 ,用量为 1g/ 10mL黑液 ,此时 ,COD值去除率约为 50 %。以处理废液后的天然矿物沉渣为主要原料 ,通过不同配方和不同工艺条件可烧制出合格的建筑陶瓷材料 ,这对小型浆厂具有一定的实用性 ,既处理草浆黑液 ,又利用天然矿物沉渣 ,不会造成二次污染。     

潜孔锤反循环钻进技术在复杂地层中的试验研究

贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取芯(样)钻进技术在钻进复杂地层时有独特效果,依托中国地调局项目,通过野外生产试验,加深了贯通式潜孔锤反循环机理的理论研究,对贯通式潜孔锤及其配套钻具的结构进行了合理的优化,大大提高了其对复杂地层的适应能力,完善了操作技术和工艺方法,使潜孔锤反循环钻进技术达到了可以广泛推广应用的水平.