中国及邻区重力特征与块体构造单元初划

以重力资料为基础,结合其分析结果和区域地质构造现象,以及前人研究成果,在总结中国海陆地质地球物理系列图编制项目组和前人对中国岩石圈三维结构宏观特征研究成果基础上,将块体构造理论应用于解释中国海陆宏观大地构造格架,并将其划分为3个构造域和20多个块体。对3个构造域及块体构造单元特征进行了分析,指出印支运动使中国岩石圈应力场发生了根本性变化,并为现今宏观大地构造格局的形成创造了条件。     

沁水盆地南部柿庄南区块煤层气地质特征

以国家科技重大专项《山西沁水盆地南部煤层气直井开发示范工程》成果为依据,以以往的地质勘查及研究成果为参考,对沁水盆地南部柿庄南区块煤层气地质特征进行分析。分析认为南部柿庄南区块构造简单,煤变质程度高、煤层厚度大、埋深适中而且分布稳定,有利于煤层气生成,煤层吸附能力较强,储层渗透率较好,煤层气保存条件好,是沁南煤层气勘探开发最有利区块之一。开发利用该区块煤层气资源,可有效改善地区能源结构、加快区域经济发展,降低后期煤炭开发风险,具有非常可观的社会及经济效益。     

斜坡堤护面块体安放过程及稳定性数值模拟

利用基于光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)数值方法的开源软件DualSPHysics进行数值试验,模拟斜坡式防波堤上扭王字护面块体的安放过程,研究护面块体的稳定性。首先以DualSPHysics为平台开发了护面块体的安放功能模块,并对护面块体的安放效果进行评价,实现了按指定安放密度进行块体安放。块体安放完成后,在数值波浪水槽中研究护面块体在规则波作用下的运动及受力响应,并分析护面块体失稳的典型形式和失稳标准,通过系统化的参数分析,探讨波浪要素及块体安放等因素对块体稳定性的影响。结果表明,扭王字块体稳定性系数的取值范围为21.64~26.20,是规范推荐值的1.5倍左右。块体鼻轴方向的相对位置主要影响单个块体的上举脱出失稳,鼻轴方向在坡面上赤平投影图越分散,护面块体层整体上越稳定。坡面坡度变缓时,护面块体层整体下滑趋势减弱,但更易发生上举脱出失稳;单个块体缺失会加大周围块体的上举失稳概率。     

基于地块图斑单元的湖南省土地生态承载力评价

从人口、资源、环境、发展之间的关系入手,充分利用土地调查、地质调查、水文地质、环境地质调查、土壤普查、农业普查等成果和资料信息,以地块图斑为分析单元,以地理信息系统、遥感技术以及数学模型分析为手段,采用层次分析法和综合指数法对湖南省土地生态承载力进行分析和评价.研究表明,湖南省土地生态承载力地域差异明显,整体处于由低层次的不均衡逐渐向高层次的均衡方向发展.     

多尺度地图空间居民地语义相似度计算方法

地图综合的本质是一种空间相似变换,制图者在相似原则的指导下实施概括,读图者从包含相似性的地图中形成心象地图、重构现实世界。因此,多尺度地图空间中的相似关系研究非常重要。然而,由于相似的可计算性差,且其计算的目的在于揭示更深层次的信息,地图综合中相似关系尤其是语义相似关系的研究相对较少。针对这一问题,本文以语义功能区约束下的大比例尺街区式居民地合并（1∶1750至1∶4000）为例,基于匹配距离模型计算建筑物合并中的语义相似度,得到语义相似度在关键比例尺节点的值,并对结果进行分析、评价。试验表明,语义功能区约束下的建筑物合并符合读图者的地图认知需求,本文所述方法有助于地图更好地发挥信息传输载体的作用。     

Neoproterozoic granitic activities in the Xingdi plutons at the Kuluketage block,NW China: Evidence from zircon U–Pb dating,geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic analyses

Neoproterozoic igneous rocks are widely distributed in the Kuluketage block along the northern margin of the Tarim Craton. However, the published literature mainly focuses on the ca. 800 Ma adakitic granitoids in the area, with the granites that intrude the 735–760 Ma mafic–ultramafic rocks poorly studied. Here we report the ages, petrography and geochemistry of two granites in the Xingdi mafic–ultramafic rocks, in order to construct a new view of the non-adakitic younger granites. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating provided weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 743.0 ± 2.5 Ma for the No.I granite (G1) and 739.0 ± 3.5 Ma for the No.II granite (G2). A clear core-rim texture of similar age and a high zircon saturation temperature of ca. 849 ± 14 °C were observed for the No.I granite; in contrast, G2 has no apparent core-rim texture but rather inherited older zircons and a lower zircon saturation temperature of ca. 763 ± 17 °C. Geochemical analysis revealed that G1 is an alkaline A-type granite and G2 is a high-K calc-alkaline I-type granite. Both granites share similar geochemical characteristics of arc-related magmatic rocks and enriched Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, likely due to their enriched sources or mixing with enriched magma. Whereas G1 and its host mafic rocks form typical bimodal intrusions of the same age and similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotope compositions, G2 is younger than its host mafic rocks and its Sr–Nd–Hf isotope composition indicates a lower crust origin. Although they exhibit arc-related geochemical features, the two granites likely formed in a rift setting, as inferred from thier petrology, Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes and regional tectonic evolution.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块目的煤层含气性分析

为计算鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块煤层气资源量、甄选有利区带及确定先导性试验井组的部署,对全区探井的煤层含气性进行综合分析。结果显示:区块内煤层气含量为5.54~19.56m3/t;兰氏体积为13.59~33.78m3/t,兰氏压力为2.06~3.72MPa,含气饱和度为41.48%~92.19%;临储压力比为19.18%~84.28%。区块整体含气性显示较好,开发较为有利,其中以包括Y3、Y6等井在内的万宝山构造带为煤层气开发的最有利区带。     

地质导向技术在煤层气水平井中的应用——以柳林区块某多分支水平井为例

地质导向技术能有效提高煤层气水平井施工成功率和煤层钻遇率,但由于其具有导向参数多、工艺要求高、易受地质因素影响等特点,使其在实际应用中还存在诸多难点。以柳林区块内某多分支水平井为例,针对该井现场地质导向作业面临的资料缺乏、参数受欠平衡钻进干扰、煤层结构复杂等难点,建立合适的地质导向模型,优选合理的导向参数和导向系统,对地质导向技术在实际应用中的工艺与流程进行了系统论述。实践表明,地质导向技术在该井的应用效果良好:煤层钻遇率达到了93.1%;截至目前,该井的产气量达8600m3/d,且还在进一步提升。     

Application of rock mass index (RMi) to the rock mass excavatability assessment in open face excavations

Earthwork and surface excavation activities play an important role in construction projects. Selecting the best technique to loosen the overburden material within the surface excavation in open mining and geotechnical projects is of great importance from economical and technical viewpoints. Surface excavation includes direct digging, ripping and blasting. To select the most effective method and plan for excavation, geotechnical investigation is very important. It is also a big help in avoiding conflict between contractors and clients when they do not reach mutual agreement regarding the price of rock and soil excavation. There are many engineering classification systems used to assess rock masses for excavation purposes. All of these systems consider several geotechnical parameters to assess the earth masses. This study reviews these systems and then offers a new categorization based on the Rock Mass index (RMi) classification system and block volume to assess excavation in rock masses. The original dataset was obtained from the literature review as well as the surface excavation in Upper Gotvand dam and Hydro Power Plant (HPP). The offered system was also validated through the data extracted from the surface excavation in Sardasht dam and HPP in Iran.     

拉萨地块西段典中组火山岩岩浆作用过程及其地质意义

拉萨地块西段分布有大面积的古近纪火山岩,蕴含着丰富的地质信息。文章对措勤地区典中组火山岩年代学、地球化学的研究表明,典中组火山岩岩浆活动在晚白垩世晚期已经开始,之后逐步向东迁移,时间上一直持续到古新世。印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞可能是从西段开始的,之后逐渐向东碰撞过渡。典中组火山岩岩浆形成的过程中发生了部分熔融作用,且在成岩过程中发生了混合作用;典中组火山岩是岛弧型俯冲向碰撞过渡过程中产生的具有岛弧或陆缘弧特点的火山岩。