汶川8级大地震活动断裂滑动速率异常低的比较讨论

本文在收集1900—2008年东亚大陆西部三角地震区内8次陆内逆冲型浅源大地震(M≥7.5)活动断裂的滑动速率基础上, 初步比较分析表明东亚大三角地震区陆内逆冲型孕震断层的缩短或垂直平均滑动速率≤12 mm/a; 2008年四川汶川8.0级大地震发生在滑动速率异常低(0.2～1.0 mm/a)的龙门山活动断层上; 地震震级大小和滑动速率大小之间的关系并没有显示出线性的简单相关关系; 地震震级大小可能与多种因素有关, 包括断层的地质年代、 尺度(长度、 宽度和深度)、 活动速率和历史、 物性, 以及应力-应变本构关系和动力学环境等, 需要深入研究。     

汶川8.0级地震前后四川及邻区构造应力场研究

收集整理了四川、云南、重庆3省市的数字地震波记录资料,反演该区域的中小地震震源机制解,并利用这些结果采用力轴张量法计算给出5个主要构造带(区)在汶川8.0级地震前后的平均应力场.对比汶川地震前后各主要构造带(区)应力场的状态发现,龙门山构造带南段、鲜水河构造带南段在汶川地震前后局部应力扰动明显,即震后平均应力场方位扰动值相对变化较大;鲜水河构造带南段、龙门山构造带南段和华蓥山构造带中段震后逆倾型地震明显减少.分析认为,这是巨大地震前后大范围地壳应力状态变化或调整的一种反映.     

区域数字地震台网近距离面波震级MS的测定

使用福建区域数字台网7个宽带台观测到的47个发生于台湾地区的浅源强震(M_S ≥ 5)的近距离面波记录,量算了水平向乐夫波的最大合成振幅及震中距离,测定了所有这些强震的近距离面波震级MS。并将结果与国家台网公布的远距离平均MS震级进行比较和统计分析。结果表明,近距离测定的面波震级比远距离测定的M_S 有较大偏差。震级越小、距离越近,差异越大。对于区域地震台网测定的M_S 震级,需要做必要的修正,才能使其测定结果尽可能接近于国家台网公布的平均M_S 震级。文中还讨论了近距离和远距离面波震级测定差异的原因,及其修正办法。可供区域数字宽带台网速报本区域发生的近距离强震面波震级时参考。     

Pleiades luminosity function: fine structure and new Pre‐MS models

In order to study a model‐dependence of the results achieved in the previous investigations of the Pleiades luminosity function using D'Antona and Mazzitelli (1994) evolutionary tracks, we repeated the computations with the new track system by D'Antona and Mazzitelli (1997). The following main conclusions can be drawn: the new models agree better with observations; the helium abundance needed to fit the Hipparcos distance modulus is reduced to a more reasonable value of Y = 0.31; the cluster age becomes slightly higher and the slope of the initial mass function somewhat lower. The conclusions on the fine structure of the luminosity function do not change significantly due to the application of the new models.     

Precise and Accurate Determination of Lu and Hf Contents,and Hf Isotopic Compositions in Chinese Rock Reference Materials by MC‐ICP‐MS

In this contribution, we report Hf isotopic data and Lu and Hf mass fractions for thirteen Chinese rock reference materials (GBW07 103–105, 109–113 and 121–125, that is GSR 1–3, 7–11 and 14–18, respectively) that span a broad compositional range. Powdered samples were spiked with a ¹⁷⁶Lu‐¹⁸⁰Hf enriched tracer and completely digested using conventional HF, HNO₃ and HClO₄ acid dissolution protocols. Fluoride salts were dissolved during a final H₃BO₃ digestion, and chemical purification was performed using a single Ln resin. All measurements were carried out on a MC‐ICP‐MS. This work provides the first comprehensive report of the Lu‐Hf isotopic composition of Chinese geochemical rock reference materials, and results indicate that they are of comparable quality to the well‐characterised and widely used USGS and GSJ rock reference materials.     

Happy Jack Uraninite: A New Reference Material for High Spatial Resolution Analysis of U‐Rich Matrices

There is currently a lack of well‐characterised matrix‐matched reference materials (RMs) for forensic analysis of U‐rich materials at high spatial resolution. This study reports a detailed characterisation of uraninite (nominally UO_2+x) from the Happy Jack Mine (UT, USA). The Happy Jack uraninite can be used as a RM for the determination of rare earth element (REE) mass fractions in nuclear materials, which provide critical information for source attribution purposes. This investigation includes powder X‐ray diffraction (pXRD) data, as well as major, minor and trace element abundances determined using a variety of micro‐analytical techniques. The chemical signature of the uraninite was investigated at the macro (cm)‐scale with micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (µXRF) mapping and at high spatial resolution (tens of micrometre scale) using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) analyses. Based on EPMA results, the uraninite is characterised by homogeneous UO₂ and CaO contents of 91.57 ± 1.49% m/m (2s uncertainty) and 2.70 ± 0.38% m/m (2s), respectively. Therefore, CaO abundances were used as the internal standard when conducting LA‐ICP‐MS analyses. Overall, the major element and REE compositions are homogeneous at both the centimetre and micrometre scales, allowing this material to be used as a RM for high spatial resolution analysis of U‐rich samples.     

2018年永清MS 4.3地震前易县地震台形变异常分析

2018年2月12日18：31：36河北省廊坊市永清县M_S 4.3地震发生前,易县地震台SS-Y型铟瓦棒伸缩仪和DSQ型水管倾斜仪记录出现不同程度的异常,从异常形态起始及持续时间、异常幅度和发震时刻进行分析,发现二者相对应,认为此次异常应为永清地震震前异常。     

A PANORAMA OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY THE 8 AUGUST 2017 JIUZHAIGOU,SICHUAN MS7.0 EARTHQUAKE

The M_S7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in Sichuan Province of 8 August 2017 triggered a large number of landslides. A comprehensive and objective panorama of these landslides is of great significance for understanding the mechanism, intensity, spatial pattern and law of these coseismic landslides, recovery and reconstruction of earthquake affected area, as well as prevention and mitigation of landslide hazard. In this paper, we use the trinity method of space, sky and earth to create a panorama of the landslides triggered by this event. There are 4 roads in the distribution area of the coseismic landslides. The Jinglinghai-Xiamo and Jiudaoguai-Jiuzhaitiantang road sections register the most serious coseismic landslides. The landslides are mainly of moderate-and small-scales, and also with a few large landslides and avalanches. A detailed visual interpretation of the coseismic landslides is performed in two areas of Wuhuahai(11.84km²) and Zharusi-Shangsizhai village(47.07km²), respectively. The results show the overall intensity of landsliding(1088 landslides, a total area 1.514km²) in the Wuhuahai area is much higher than those in the Zharusi-Shangsizhai village area(528 landslides, a total area 0.415km²). On the basis of a scene of post-earthquake Geoeye -1 satellite images, we delineate more than 4 800 coseismic landslides with a total occupation area 9.6km². The spatial pattern of these landslides is well related with the locations of the inferred seismogenic fault and aftershocks. Widely distributed earthquake-affected weakened slopes, residual loose materials staying at high-position slopes and in valleys have greater possibilities to fail again and generate new landslides or debris flows under the conditions of strong aftershocks or heavy rainfalls in the future. Geological hazard from these events will become one of the most serious problems in the recovery and reconstruction of the earthquake-affected area which should receive much attention.     

新的震级国家标准的技术要点与主要特点

新的震级国家标准《地震震级的规定》（GB17740—2017）是一个国家强制性标准,已于2017年5月12日由国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家标准化管理委员会发布。本文介绍了震级国家标准修订的必要性,以及新的震级国家标准的主要内容、技术要点和主要特点,以便于在实际工作中能更好地应用。     

2017年九寨沟MS7.0级地震震源过程反演与烈度估计

2017年8月8日,在我国四川省九寨沟县发生一次M_S7.0级地震.在快速响应的基础上,重新筛选远场地震波形资料并收集覆盖震中区的InSAR资料对主震的震源破裂过程重新进行了反演分析,收集震后约13 h的余震震相数据对余震进行了双差定位,并基于此对发震断层的复杂性进行了讨论,提出了有待进一步研究的问题.最后,利用反演得到的有限动态破裂模型对地震烈度进行了估计.