库车坳陷DB气田白垩系砂岩胶结作用及其与构造裂缝关系

以普通薄片和铸体薄片观察与鉴定为基础,辅以岩芯精细观察、阴极发光显微镜分析、扫描电镜分析、黏土矿物X衍射分析、包裹体分析、油层物性分析等技术手段,结合区域储层地质研究成果,系统研究塔里木盆地库车坳陷DB气田白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩储层胶结作用特征及其发育期次,并剖析其与构造裂缝的关系.结果表明,DB气田白垩系砂岩为裂缝-孔隙型特低孔-特低渗储层,构造裂缝发育是储层高产的主要因素;储层胶结作用强烈,尤其以碳酸盐胶结为主,与黏土矿物转化有明显的因果关系,共发育“6 Ma之前”、“6~5 Ma”和“3~2 Ma”三期主要的胶结作用;多期次胶结作用与该区三期构造裂缝的有效性关系密切,只有错过主要胶结作用时期的第三期(N₂末)构造裂缝才是最有效的储集空间.     

Formation Conditions and Sedimentary Model of Over-Flooding Lake Deltas within Continental Lake Basins: An Example from the Paleogene in the Jiyang Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin

A large quantity of drilling core, paleontology, geochemistry and geophysics data revealed several features of the Jiyang subbasin during the deposition of the Ek1-Es4 x members:(1) the paleotopography of the gentle slope belt had an extremely low gradient;(2) the paleoclimate frequently alternated between dry and wet periods in a generally arid setting;(3) there was strong weathering around the periphery of the basin;(4) the lake was very shallow;(5) the lake level frequently rose and fell; and(6) the sedimentary environment of the gentle slope belt was an overflooding lake. All of these factors provided favorable geological conditions for the development of an over-flooding lake delta. The lithologies of the continental over-flooding lake delta deposits are complex and diverse. The compositional maturity is moderate to low, and the grain size distribution curves and sedimentary structures indicate the presence of both gravity and traction currents. The sedimentary microfacies associations consist of a combination of ordered superposition of flood channels, distributary channels and sheet sands. The delta exhibits a weak foreset seismic reflection. The over-flooding lake delta deposits are laterally extensive. The sandstone content is high, and the individual sandstone beds are thin. The flood channel and distributary channel deposits exhibit evidence of bifurcation and lateral migration. The distribution of the sandbodies and the oxidation color of the mudstones provide evidence of cyclic deposition. The paleoclimate was the dominant factor controlling the development of the over-flooding lake delta. Due to the frequently alternating wet and dry paleoclimates, the over-flooding lake delta is characterized by the development of a broad upper plain and a lower delta plain. The upper delta plain is characterized by flood channel deposits, whereas the lower delta plain is represented by distributary channel deposits. The transition zone is characterized by the interaction of flood channels and distributary channels. Due to fault activity, the sandbodies of the over-flooding lake delta were juxtaposed against hydrocarbon source rocks, which was favorable for the development of lithologic reservoirs or structural-lithologic reservoirs. The lower delta plain deposits comprise the most favorable reservoirs.     

Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Morichito piggyback basin, Eastern Venezuelan Basin

The Morichito piggyback basin (MPB) is a SW-NE-oriented depocenter in the Eastern Venezuelan Foreland Basin (EVFB). This piggyback basin formed by overlying the Pirital thrust during the middle to late Miocene as a result of oblique collision between the Caribbean and South-American Plates. The MPB covers an area encompassing approximately 1000 km² between the Serrania del Interior range and the Pirital high, which is a hanging wall uplift along the Pirital thrust that acts as a confining barrier on the southern boundary of the MPB. Previous studies have tried to address the tectonostratigraphic significance of the MPB, but new biostratigraphic information and recently acquired 3D seismic data have allowed us to expand the understanding of this basin. The MPB occupies a relatively small area of the EVFB; however, the MPB contains a valuable stratigraphic record that can be used to unveil the timing of the main deformational events that took place in the EVFB.This work presents the tectonostratigraphic evolution of the MPB by defining four tectonostratigraphic sequences (T1-T4). Each sequence was defined on the basis of integration of well logs, biostratigraphy, and seismic geomorphological interpretations. T1 (24-16 Ma) (late Oligocene to middle Miocene), which was deposited in shallow-marine environments, extends to the south of the Pirital high beyond the boundaries of the MPB. T1 is equivalent to the early foredeep stage of the EVFB, having been formed when structural deformation and uplifting were already occurring to the north on the proto-Serrania del Interior range (∼24-16 Ma) and the Pirital thrust was active (∼22 Ma). T2 (16-11 Ma) (middle to late Miocene) is composed of alluvial-fan deposits derived from the proto-Serrania del Interior range. The geometry and internal configuration of T2 indicate that during this time the basin was transitioning from an open-foreland basin to a confined piggyback basin. During deposition of T2, the Pirital fault was active as an out-of-sequence thrusting event (16-∼11 ma). T3 (late Miocene) and T4 (early Pliocene to Recent), composed of shallow-marine and fluvial deposits, were deposited in an already restricted piggyback basin. The Pirital high was already in place during deposition of T3 (∼11-9.3 ma). T3 and T4 represent the final phases of MPB infilling, when tectonic activity and subsidence were at their lowest rates. MPB sedimentary infilling dates the activity of thrusting events in the proto-Serrania del Interior (∼24-16 Ma), timing of maximum deformation associated with the Pirital out-of-sequence thrusting event (16-∼11 Ma), timing of final emplacement of the Pirital high (∼11-9.3 Ma), and the beginning of tectonic quiescence (<5.2 Ma).     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造特征及形成演化

通过地表地质调查,确定了库车坳陷吐北、克拉苏、却勒和西秋四个不同地区盐构造的变形样式。结合地质和地震资料,建立了不同地区的地震地质结构剖面。应用平衡剖面研究方法,恢复了不同地区的盐构造形成演化历史,并对库车坳陷盐构造的形成机制进行了探讨。     

碎屑金红石地球化学特征对库车坳陷中生代沉积物源的启示

本文主要对库车坳陷的库车河流域和巴音布鲁克盆地中生代砂岩样品进行了碎屑金红石微量元素电子探针分析。结果显示,巴音布鲁克地区侏罗纪砂岩中的碎屑金红石来自变质泥质岩和来自基性变质岩的比例大致相当,而库车坳陷中生代砂岩中碎屑金红石则主要来自变质泥质岩。两地金红石的变质级别以角闪岩相/榴辉岩相为主,并有一定比例麻粒岩相变质的金红石。库车坳陷中生代砂岩中麻粒岩相金红石的含量,从三叠纪至白垩纪呈现出低—高—低的特点,说明侏罗纪时期物源方向有所变化,可能有东南部物源的参与。白垩纪时期,库车河地区砂岩中麻粒岩相变质金红石含量减少,可能与南天山再度抬升隆起成为优势物源区有关。     

库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩有机岩石学

应用全岩有机岩石学分析方法,对库车坳陷北部山前带中生界三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩的显微组分、主要富氢组分、有机质类型及热演化程度进行了研究。结果表明：库车坳陷北部山前带侏罗系克孜勒努尔组烃源岩显微组分总含量最高,恰克马克组烃源岩最低。中生界烃源岩显微组分组成具有镜质组含量高、壳质组和惰性组相对发育、腐泥组贫乏的特征。不同层位具有一定差异性,克孜勒努尔组和塔里奇克组中镜质组含量较高,恰克马克组壳质组相对发育。孢子体、壳屑体、角质体和藻类体是其主要的富氢组分,恰克马克组富氢组分相对含量最高。烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅲ型和Ⅱ2型为主,有利于生气,镜质组反射率Ro为056%~187%,热演化程度处于成熟-高成熟阶段。克拉苏—依奇克里克构造带冲断前缘烃源岩显微组分总含量与热演化程度均相对较高,为烃源岩的最大成熟生烃中心。烃源岩高生烃潜力与高的壳质组含量和低的陆源有机质含量有关。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000059

A lirst report on tuff beds from the Owk Shale in the Proterozoic Kurnool sub-basin in southern India is presented.The rhvolitic lo ihodacitic tuffs,overlying shclfal limestones formed at depths below storm wave base,have rheomorphic features indicative of viscoplaslic flow.and geochemical signatures of rhvolitic to rhyodacitic unwekled to welded tuffs,similar to those described from other Proterozoic intracratonie basins like Vindhvan and Chhattisgarh basins in India.Fragmentary naiure of altered glass with perlitic cracks and local admixture with intrabasinal sediments suggest phreatomagmatic reactions.The widespread and repealed occurrences of felsic luffs in these basins.possibly derived from low degree melting of continental crust.suggest intermittent(ectonothermal instability which likely intluenced hasinal topography and cyclic development of the carbonate platforms.     

构造裂缝发育型砂岩储层定量评价方法及应用——以库车前陆盆地白垩系为例

针对构造裂缝发育型、深埋致密砂岩储层,依据露头、岩心、薄片、物性、古应力、测井、测试等资料,基于构造地质学、储层动力成岩地质学、测井学、分形学、数理统计学等多学科交叉,提出了露头构造裂缝建模、钻井构造裂缝刻画、测井构造裂缝分形分析、古挤压应力场恢复、储层埋深底限预测5种方法相融合、5个步骤相支撑的技术思路。以塔里木盆地库车坳陷大北1气田白垩系巴什基奇克组为例,半定量-定量刻画了构造裂缝发育型砂岩储层的裂缝发育规模、有效性和空间展布,为大北1气田的滚动勘探和整体评价提供了相对可靠的技术方法体系,同时为前陆盆地深埋致密裂缝发育型储层的研究和勘探提供了理论依据。     

南海西南次海盆被动陆缘构造单元划分及伸展演化过程

南海西南次海盆被动陆缘洋陆转换带位于陆缘强烈伸展区,蕴含着岩石圈临界伸展破裂和洋盆扩张过程的丰富信息。本文利用多道地震剖面和重力异常数据,对西南次海盆被动陆缘构造单元进行划分,研究陆缘南、北部洋陆转换带结构构造特征,探讨陆缘伸展演化过程。多道地震剖面资料显示,北部洋陆转换带发育有裂陷期断陷和向海倾斜的掀斜断块;南部发育有低角度正断层控制的裂陷期断陷、海底火山以及局部隆起;从陆到洋方向,重力异常值变化明显。根据上述结果南海西南次海盆被动陆缘划分为近端带、洋陆转换带和洋盆三个构造单元,分别对应了其伸展演化过程的三个阶段：前裂谷阶段、陆缘裂陷阶段和海底扩张阶段。     

库车坳陷东部YN5井下侏罗统致密储层特征及主控因素

库车坳陷东部YN5井位于依奇克里克构造带中部,其下侏罗统阿合组发育一套浅色辫状河三角洲相砂岩、砾岩组合,阳霞组为湖泊相夹三角洲平原相的大段泥岩夹砂岩和煤层。通过岩石薄片观察,结合岩石物性测试发现,下侏罗统储层岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩,岩屑以变质岩岩屑为主;阳霞组以铁泥质和钙质胶结为主,阿合组以硅质和钙质胶结为主。储层孔隙度均小于12％,多介于2％～8％之间,渗透率多介于0.1×10-3～5.0×10-3μm2,平均孔喉半径主要介于0.2～0.6μm之间,阿合组储层物性好于阳霞组。受到原始岩石组分及压实作用的综合控制,阳霞组和阿合组储层物性呈现出两段式自上而下逐渐变差的特征。储层岩石孔隙类型以粒内溶孔和微孔隙为主,是由长石、岩屑以及碳酸盐胶结物等可溶物质遭受溶蚀作用形成,阿合组粒度相对较粗,长石、岩屑等可溶组分含量相对较高,其溶蚀作用较阳霞组更发育。此外,构造作用产生的裂隙是改善储层物性的另一重要因素。