Authigenic carbonates from the eastern Black Sea as an archive for shallow gas hydrate dynamics – Results from the combination of CT imaging with mineralogical and stable isotope analyses

Authigenic carbonates associated with cold seeps provide valuable archives of changes in the long-term seepage activity. To investigate the role of shallow-buried hydrates on the seepage strength and fluid composition we analysed methane-derived carbonate precipitates from a high-flux hydrocarbon seepage area (“Batumi seep area”) located on the south-eastern Black Sea slope in ca. 850 m. In a novel approach, we combined computerized X-ray tomography (CT) with mineralogical and isotope geochemical methods to get additional insights into the three-dimensional internal structure of the carbonate build-ups.     

Marine protected areas—substantiating their worth

With the UK Marine Bill promoting the creation of a network of marine protected areas and similar commitments in other countries there is a need for tools to assist in their design and management. Although physical science often drives designation, the implementation of marine protected areas also encompasses political and socio-economic issues. This paper focuses on one tool in the armoury of decision-makers: choice experiments. It illustrates its application to the quantification of aspects of socio-economic value not readily incorporated into the evaluation of the costs and benefits of marine protected areas utilising cold-water deep coral reefs off the Republic of Ireland.     

海域使用格局卫星遥感监测与评价——以葫芦岛试验区为例

研究了海域使用类型遥感监测的分类系统,探索建立了各类海域使用类型的卫星遥感监测方法。在此基础上,以葫芦岛试验区为例,对该验区海域使用格局进行了卫星遥感监测与评价。结果表明:卫星遥感技术结合地理信息系统技术与全球定位系统技术可以较好地对海域使用空间格局进行监测和评价。葫芦岛试验区海域使用类型以工矿业用海和渔业用海为主,工矿业用海以大斑块的集中用海为主要特征,而渔业用海则以小斑块的分散用海为主。在海域使用空间格局上,葫芦岛区块海域以工矿业用海为主,兴城区块海域以工矿业和渔业用海为主,绥中区块海域则是以渔业用海为主,葫芦岛试验区海域使用空间格局具有明显的空间分异特征。     

烟台市套子湾污水处理厂排海管道有关参数的确定

利用海洋处置城市污水是沿海地区一种把海洋水体的环境容量和自净能力用于环保的可行方法。烟台市套子湾污水处理厂1998年10月建成正式投入运转,日处理能力为25万m3,其污水排海管道工程是该厂重要组成部分,对污水排海管道的有关参数进行计算,可供沿海城市污水处理工程参考。     

西宁地区第四纪晚期孢粉组合及古环境

西宁地区位于黄土高原与青藏高原的接壤处,是环境和气候变迁的敏感地带。本文对西宁市北川河河谷地区黄土沉积的钻孔剖面进行了孢粉分析,获得了比较丰富的孢粉数据,结果呈现出以松、桦、蒿及藜等木本及草本植物花粉为主的孢粉组合。据各类植物花粉量在该剖面垂向上的明显变化,由下而上可划分为5个孢粉带。研究表明,该剖面的孢粉分析数据及资料不仅记录了75kaB.P以来大量的古地理及古环境的变迁,也揭示了西宁地区晚更新世以来古植被及古气候的演替及变化,其演变分别经历了5个阶段:第一阶段为森林型针叶林,反应了温爽轻湿的气候;第二阶段为针叶林,为温凉轻润的气候;第三阶段为针叶林夹稀树草原,属温和湿润夹温凉轻湿的气候;第四阶段为森林草原,反应了温凉轻爽的气候;第五阶段为针叶林,反应了温和湿润的气候。     

兰州市南山绿化地裸地冬季地表辐射及能量收支对比

利用2005年12月7~29日在兰州市皋兰山顶获取的地气相互作用观测资料,对比分析了冬季典型晴天和平均状态下绿化地与裸地地表辐射、能量收支及土壤温、湿度的日变化特征。结果表明:绿化地和裸地太阳总辐射、大气长波辐射很接近,地表短波和长波向上辐射因不同下垫面特征不同而差异较大;地表能量平衡绿化地、裸地均以感热输送为主,土壤热通量和潜热输送很小,尤其是潜热通量,峰值往往不超过10 W.m-2;观测发现绿化地感热比裸地高,这一反常现象值得进一步研究证实;观测期平均特征与晴天比较接近,表明云和降雪的扰动影响有限;绿化地、裸地地表日平均反照率相对稳定,绿化地日平均反照率在0.20~0.28之间变化,裸地在0.25~0.31之间变化,平均值分别为0.21和0.29。     

贵州从江及毗邻地区岩浆岩形成时代探讨

贵州从江及其毗邻地区的岩浆岩较发育,其岩类较多,有基性岩、超基性侵入岩、酸性侵入岩及基性火山岩。笔者通过收集最新的区域地质调查和同位素年龄测定结果等,对其形成时代进行了探讨,认为岩浆岩活动的高峰期为Ca.825Ma左右,即新元古代早期。     

新疆伊吾县马依当地区二叠纪地层的发现及其意义

在新疆伊吾煤矿一带1:5万区域地质矿产调查中,首次在原定石炭系上统妖魔梁组中发现大量透镜状钙质结核,并具明显的陆相冲积扇沉积特征;通过该地层的大量孢粉鉴定属为二叠世晚期,故将原石炭系上统妖魔梁组更名改为库莱组。其时代定为晚二叠世。并初步探讨了它的地质意义。     

Geochemical and Isotopic Techniques Constraints on the Origin, Evolution, and Residence Time of Low-enthalpy Geothermal Water in Western Wugongshan, SE China

Geothermal resources are increasingly gaining attention as a competitive, clean energy source to address the energy crisis and mitigate climate change. The Wugongshan area, situated in the southeast coast geothermal belt of China, is a typical geothermal anomaly and contains abundant medium- and low-temperature geothermal resources. This study employed hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques to explore the cyclic evolution of geothermal water in the western Wugongshan region, encompassing the recharge origin, water–rock interaction mechanisms, and residence time. The results show that the geothermal water in the western region of Wugongshan is weakly alkaline, with low enthalpy and mineralization levels. The hydrochemistry of geothermal waters is dominated by Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4, while the hydrochemistry types of cold springs are all Na-HCO3. The hydrochemistry types of surface waters and rain waters are Na-HCO3 or Ca-HCO3. The δD and δ18O values reveal that the geothermal waters are recharged by atmospheric precipitation at an altitude between 550.0 and 1218.6 m. Molar ratios of major solutes and isotopic compositions of 87Sr/86Sr underscore the significant role of silicate weathering, dissolution, and cation exchange in controlling geothermal water chemistry. Additionally, geothermal waters experienced varying degrees of mixing with cold water during their ascent. The δ13C values suggest that the primary sources of carbon in the geothermal waters were biogenic and organic. The δ34S value suggests that the sulfates in geothermal water originate from sulfide minerals in the surrounding rock. Age dating using 3H and 14C isotopes suggests that geothermal waters have a residence time exceeding 1 kaBP and undergo a long-distance cycling process.     

高光谱遥感在农作物长势监测中的应用

该研究是加拿大Saskatchewan Scott农作物轮作系统(ACS)研究的一部分.研究始于1994年,历时18 a,评价9个可耕种农作物产量系统的可靠性.由3种处理水平(organic,reduced,high)和3种作物多样性水平(low,diversified annual grains,diversified annual perennials)结合而产生的9个农作物产量系统,被用于监测和评价加拿大牧场不同处理和不同作物种植轮作下可耕种农作物的产量.在2003年生长季共收集了3次叶面积指数和光谱反射率的数据:生长季前期(6月)、生长季旺盛期(7月)、生长季后期(8月).叶面积指数是由LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪监测的,光谱测量是由覆盖了350～2500 nm波长范围共2215个波段的ADS便携式高光谱仪完成的.结果显示,光学测量可以用于监测农作物生长状况的差异.从生长季的早期到中期,光谱和叶面积指数在不同处理下有显著差异.7月中期是用遥感资料监测农作物长势的最佳季节;红光波段与近红外波段反射率的比值和基于这两个波段构造的归一化植被指数,是检测农作物长势的最佳植被指数.