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11.
WEIHai-quan JINBo-lu LIUYong-shun 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(1):28-35
A number of different lahars have been recognized from a systematic survey of a mapping project. The high setting temporamre feature of the deposits indicates a relationship between the lahar and the Millennium eruption event of Tianchi Volcano. The lahars caused a dramatic disaster. Recognize of the huge avalanche scars and deposits around Tianchi Volcano imply another highly destructive hazard. Three types of different texture of the avalanche deposits have been recognized. There was often magma mixing processes during the Millennium eruption of Tianchi Volcano, indicating a mixing and co-eruption regime of the eruption. 相似文献
12.
试论城市地貌环境与城市道路系统的关系*——以四川省几个城市为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文分析了城市地貌环境对城市道路系统的影响,认为地貌过程不仅影响了城市道路的建设和管理,而且是城市道路系统布局和发展的重要控制因素。以四川省几个城市为例,分析了山地城市、丘陵城市和平原城市道路系统的不同特点。 相似文献
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本文论述了保安地区火山岩的地质、岩石、副矿物、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素、火山岩相及火山机构等特征。并对其演化规律、形成机制与成矿作用的关系,作了初步探讨。 相似文献
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17.
山东是饮用天然矿泉水资源大省 ,点之多、量之丰居全国前列。到目前为止 ,已鉴定矿泉水 36 1处 ,其中锶型118处 ,偏硅酸型 6 4处 ,锶偏硅酸型 15 1处 ,碘型等其它类型 2 8处。这些矿泉水所赋存的岩石类型多、岩性复杂且受断裂构造控制明显 ;具有达标元素较单一、水化学类型复杂、矿化程度较低、单井允许开采量相差悬殊且地域分布不均等特点。勘查与评价重点是寻找奇缺且又可能存在的锌型、锂型、碳酸型矿泉水。开发好矿泉水资源、实行规模开发、打造本省名牌、加强矿泉水资源的卫生防护与保护 ,对于确保山东矿泉水资源的持续开发与利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
Kyu Han Kim Keisuke Nagao Hirochika Sumino Tsuyoshi Tanaka Takamasa Hayashi Toshio Nakamura Jong Ik Lee 《Chemical Geology》2008,253(3-4):180-195
We report analyses of noble gases and Nd–Sr isotopes in mineral separates and whole rocks of late Pleistocene (< 0.2 Ma) monzonites from Ulleungdo, South Korea, a volcanic island within the back arc basin of the Japan island arc. A Rb–Sr mineral isochron age for the monzonites is 0.12 ± 0.01 Ma. K–Ar biotite ages from the same samples gave relatively concordant ages of 0.19 ± 0.01and 0.22 ± 0.01 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar yields a similar age of 0.29 ± 0.09 Ma. Geochemical characteristics of the felsic plutonic rocks, which are silica oversaturated alkali felsic rocks (av., 12.5 wt% in K2O + Na2O), are similar to those of 30 alkali volcanics from Ulleungdo in terms of concentrations of major, trace and REE elements. The initial Nd–Sr isotopic ratios of the monzonites (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70454–0.71264, 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512528–0.512577) are comparable with those of the alkali volcanics (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70466–0.70892, 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512521–0.512615) erupted in Stage 3 of Ulleungdo volcanism (0.24–0.47 Ma). The high initial 87Sr/86Sr values of the monzonites imply that seawater and crustally contaminated pre-existing trachytes may have been melted or assimilated during differentiation of the alkali basaltic magma.A mantle helium component (3He/4He ratio of up to 6.5 RA) associated with excess argon was found in the monzonites. Feldspar and biotite have preferentially lost helium during slow cooling at depth and/or during their transportation to the surface in a hot host magma. The source magma noble gas isotopic features are well preserved in fluid inclusions in hornblende, and indicate that the magma may be directly derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle metasomatized by an ancient subduction process, or may have formed as a mixture of MORB-like mantle and crustal components. The radiometric ages, geochemical and Nd–Sr isotopic signatures of the Ulleungdo monzonites as well as the presence of mantle-derived helium and argon, suggests that these felsic plutonic rocks evolved from alkali basaltic magma that formed by partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the back arc basin located along the active continental margin of the southeastern part of the Eurasian plate. 相似文献
19.
This paper presents an example of application of the double solid reactant method (DSRM) of Accornero and Marini (Environmental
Geology, 2007a), an effective way for modeling the fate of several dissolved trace elements during water–rock interaction. The EQ3/6 software
package was used for simulating the irreversible water–rock mass transfer accompanying the generation of the groundwaters
of the Porto Plain shallow aquifer, starting from a degassed diluted crateric steam condensate. Reaction path modeling was
performed in reaction progress mode and under closed-system conditions. The simulations assumed: (1) bulk dissolution (i.e.,
without any constraint on the kinetics of dissolution/precipitation reactions) of a single solid phase, a leucite-latitic
glass, and (2) precipitation of amorphous silica, barite, alunite, jarosite, anhydrite, kaolinite, a solid mixture of smectites,
fluorite, a solid mixture of hydroxides, illite-K, a solid mixture of saponites, a solid mixture of trigonal carbonates and
a solid mixture of orthorhombic carbonates. Analytical concentrations of major chemical elements and several trace elements
(Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr and Ba) in groundwaters were satisfactorily reproduced. In addition to these simulations,
similar runs for a rhyolite, a latite and a trachyte permitted to calculate major oxide contents for the authigenic paragenesis
which are comparable, to a first approximation, with the corresponding data measured for local altered rocks belonging to
the silicic, advanced argillic and intermediate argillic alteration facies. The important role played by both the solid mixture
of trigonal carbonates as sequestrator of Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni and the solid mixture of orthorhombic carbonates as scavenger
of Sr and Ba is emphasized.
相似文献
Luigi Marini (Corresponding author)Email: |
20.
Pressures of Crystallization of Icelandic Magmas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iceland lies astride the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and was createdby seafloor spreading that began about 55 Ma. The crust is anomalouslythick (20–40 km), indicating higher melt productivityin the underlying mantle compared with normal ridge segmentsas a result of the presence of a mantle plume or upwelling centeredbeneath the northwestern edge of the Vatnajökull ice sheet.Seismic and volcanic activity is concentrated in 50 km wideneovolcanic or rift zones, which mark the subaerial Mid-AtlanticRidge, and in three flank zones. Geodetic and geophysical studiesprovide evidence for magma chambers located over a range ofdepths (1·5–21 km) in the crust, with shallow magmachambers beneath some volcanic centers (Katla, Grimsvötn,Eyjafjallajökull), and both shallow and deep chambers beneathothers (e.g. Krafla and Askja). We have compiled analyses ofbasalt glass with geochemical characteristics indicating crystallizationof ol–plag–cpx from 28 volcanic centers in the Western,Northern and Eastern rift zones as well as from the SouthernFlank Zone. Pressures of crystallization were calculated forthese glasses, and confirm that Icelandic magmas crystallizeover a wide range of pressures (0·001 to 1 GPa), equivalentto depths of 0–35 km. This range partly reflects crystallizationof melts en route to the surface, probably in dikes and conduits,after they leave intracrustal chambers. We find no evidencefor a shallow chamber beneath Katla, which probably indicatesthat the shallow chamber identified in other studies containssilica-rich magma rather than basalt. There is reasonably goodcorrelation between the depths of deep chambers (> 17 km)and geophysical estimates of Moho depth, indicating that magmaponds at the crust–mantle boundary. Shallow chambers (<7·1 km) are located in the upper crust, and probablyform at a level of neutral buoyancy. There are also discretechambers at intermediate depths (11 km beneath the rift zones),and there is strong evidence for cooling and crystallizing magmabodies or pockets throughout the middle and lower crust thatmight resemble a crystal mush. The results suggest that themiddle and lower crust is relatively hot and porous. It is suggestedthat crustal accretion occurs over a range of depths similarto those in recent models for accretionary processes at mid-oceanridges. The presence of multiple stacked chambers and hot, porouscrust suggests that magma evolution is complex and involvespolybaric crystallization, magma mixing, and assimilation. KEY WORDS: Iceland rift zones; cotectic crystallization; pressure; depth; magma chamber; volcanic glass 相似文献