羌北坳陷雪山组地层形成环境及古地理意义

以羌北坳陷龙尾错地区雪山组地层为例,通过对沉积物来源、古生态、碳氧同位素、粒度特征及其沉积序列、古水流向的研究,揭示了上侏罗统—下白垩统雪山组地层沉积时期的沉积环境及古地理格局,认为该区雪山组地层是在中央隆起带露出水面并向羌北地区提供物源的古构造—地理条件下形成的三角洲沉积体系,具辫状河成因的显著特点。     

Controls on alkylphenol occurrence and distribution in oils from lacustrine rift basins in East China

Oils from two lacustrine rift basins in east China are thoroughly investigated using geochemical method to understand controls on alkylphenol occurrence and distribution in oils. Oils in the Lujiapu Depression, Kailu Basin are derived from the Cretaceous source rocks, and those in the Dongying De- pression, Bohai Bay Basin, from the Tertiary source rocks. All oils are experienced relatively short distance of migration and have similar maturity in each basin. Differences in homologue distributions from different oilfields are most likely caused by organic facies variation of source rocks. The oils in the Lujiapu Depression are characterized by high proportion of C3 alkylphenols (prefixes refer to the number of alkylcarbons joined to the aromatic ring of the phenol molecule) and low proportion of cre- sols and C2 alkylphenols compared to oils from the Dongying Depression. Alkylphenol isomer distri- bution is possibly affected by depositional environment especially for C3 alkylphenols. Dysoxic fresh- water environment is favorable for the formation of propyl or isopropyl substituted C3 alkylphenols, while highly reducing saline water is more suitable for trimethyl substituted C3 alkylphenols. Variations in alkylphenol concentrations within a petroleum system are controlled mainly by secondary migration processes with alkylphenol concentrations decreasing along migration direction. Interestingly, coupled with geological factors, a subtle change of alkylphenol concentrations can be applied to differentiate carrier systems. When oil migrates through sandy beds, concentrations of total alkylphenols decrease dramatically with migration distance, while such change is less significant when oil migrates vertically along faults. However, most isomer ratios potentially related to migration distance are not as effective as those alkylcarbazoles in migration diagnosis due to complicated affecting factors.     

影响公众震灾风险认知的因素分析——以新疆喀什、乌鲁木齐地区为例

研究震灾风险认知及其影响因素有助于从公众视角揭示风险潜在因素,为降低灾害风险提供决策依据.本文以新疆的喀什、乌鲁木齐为研究区,通过问卷调查方式,采用假设检验和相关分析等统计方法,研究影响公众的临震心理、风险估计、地震知识水平、防震意愿及行为等震灾风险认知的因素.结果表明:影响因素包括性别、教育水平、收入水平、家庭结构、房屋结构、居住区危险性等;因素之间互相联系与风险认知因子形成正、负反馈链,其中收入水平影响了风险感知是否能转化为防减灾的积极行为.并在灾害风险分析的基础上提出了减轻地震灾害风险的对策建议.     

1996年丽江7.0级地震地裂缝新发现

1996年2月3日云南丽江发生7.0级强烈地震,震后考察发现了广泛的地表破坏现象,主要包括地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡、地面陷落、田坎位错及地表跳石等,基本集中分布在Ⅸ度极震区范围内,但有关地震地裂缝的描述较少。近期,在进行大具盆地野外地质调查时发现1处新的地裂缝,位于云南丽江7.0级地震微观震中附近,具体位置为大具盆地南部峨嵋子村西北、将台河二级阶地上,长约35 m,总体走向350°左右,最窄处宽约0.3 m,最宽处表现为凹陷坑,宽约2.2 m。经当地村民确认,新发现的地表地裂缝是1996年丽江地震形成的,该地裂缝在震后考察时未提及。     

松辽盆地几次中强震的构造条件探讨

第四纪以来,松辽盆地的西部坳陷向东部和南部扩展,形成一系列北东向的次级坳陷,一些中强震便发生在其中一些坳陷的边缘或内部。这些发生中强震的场所在中晚更新世有明显的差异活动,并发育了切割北东向构造的北西向断裂,北东和北西向断裂的交汇区是中强震的发生部位。此外,野外调查结果表明,1119年前郭63/4级地震最有可能发生在卡拉木附近     

EASY％R0与TTI-R0数值模拟方法比较——以黄骅坳陷乌深1井山西组为例

选取黄骅坳陷乌深1井的富含烃源岩的山西组地层为研究对象，并结合相关研究资料，在揭示其埋藏史与受热史的基础上，应用EASY％R0与TTI数值模拟方法对有机质成熟度进行了反演、对比分析。研究结果表明，EASY％R0反演的成熟度较合理与准确，在实际应用中的价值更大。     

川西坳陷新场气田须二气藏地层水成因研究——水化学和锶同位素证据

地层水是影响气田产能开发的重要因素之一,气井遇水会降低储层气相渗透率,从而导致气产量迅速下降,严重制约单井产能的提高。目前已有的研究对须二气藏地层水的物质来源认识仍然存在一定争议。本文从主微量元素、水岩相互作用以及锶同位素组成特征方面对川西坳陷新场气田须二气藏11口生产井的地层水进行了系统研究,结果显示须二气藏地层水具有低矿化度(55 166.00~122 547.41 mg/L)、高Br^-和Sr²⁺含量(分别为642.00~1 711.00 mg/L和670.00~1 780.00 mg/L)及⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值(0.715 27~0.721 77)的特征,表明研究区地层水Sr同位素来源区别于海相碳酸盐岩,更符合砂岩风化特征。地层水中Ca的富集主要与砂岩储层成岩自生矿物的溶解有关,在深部水岩相互作用下,Sr以类质同象的方式代替Ca并且获得了有机质中的Br,同时使得Br更加富集。以上研究结果为今后该气藏赋水层位的预测提供了理论依据。     

Sedimentology and geochemistry of fluvio-lacustrine tufa deposits controlled by evaporite solution subsidence in the central Ebro Depression, NE Spain

The Urrea de Jalón tufa deposits constitute the 20‐ to 50‐m‐thick caprock (0·3 km²) of an isolated mesa. They disconformably overlie horizontal strata of the Tertiary Ebro Basin (NE Spain), which contains a thick succession of lacustrine gypsum and marls, followed by limestones, marls and, locally, fluvial sandstones and mudstones. The tufa deposits show a complex, large‐scale framework of basin‐like structures with centripetal dips that decrease progressively from the base to the top of the tufa succession, and beds that thicken towards the centre of the structure (cumulative wedge‐out systems). These geometries reveal that the tufa deposits were affected by differential synsedimentary subsidence. Distinct onlapping depressions reflect time migration of the subsiding areas. The studied carbonates are composed mostly of low‐Mg calcite, with minor quartz. Some samples have anomalously high contents of Fe, Mn and Ba that may exceed 1% (goethite, haematite and barite are present). Carbonate facies are: (a) macrophyte encrustation deposits; (b) bryophyte build‐ups; (c) oncolite and coated grain rudstones; (d) non‐concentric stromatolite‐like structures; (e) massive or bioturbated biomicrites; and (f) green and grey marls. Facies a and c show a great variety of microbial‐related forms. These facies can be arranged in dm‐ to 2‐m‐thick vertical associations representing: (i) fluvial–paludal sequences with bryophyte growths; (ii) pond‐influenced fluvial sequences; and (iii) lacustrine–palustrine sequences. The Urrea de Jalón tufa deposits formed in a fluvio‐lacustrine environment that received little alluvial sediment supply. Isotope compositions (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) reveal meteoric signatures and accord with such a hydrologically open system of fresh waters. The Fe, Mn and Ba contents suggest an additional supply of mineralized waters that could be related to springs. These would have been discharge points in the Ebro Depression of a regional aquifer of the Iberian Ranges. Rising groundwater caused the solution of the underlying evaporites and the synsedimentary subsidence of the tufa deposits.     

库车坳陷西秋里塔格构造带新生代沉降史分析

根据地震资料和钻井资料,应用PRA公司的BasinMod 1-D软件,利用回剥技术对西秋里塔格构造带的4个井点和邻区的两个井点进行沉降史模拟。模拟结果表明,新生代以来基底总沉降曲线与构造沉降曲线相似,沉降曲线呈上凸式。克拉苏构造带和拜城凹陷的沉降史特征与西秋里塔格构造带的沉降特征总体相似,只是各阶段的沉降速率、沉降量不同,反映了构造运动从北向南传递,沉降中心从北向南迁移的过程。西秋里塔格构造带的沉降特征主要分为5个阶段,这5个阶段的曲线形态由缓到陡,反映了新生代以来西秋里塔格构造带一直处于挤压的应力环境中,且挤压程度由弱到强,直到第四纪最终定型,为典型的前陆盆地沉降特征。亦反映了天山造山过程中,库车冲断褶皱带由北向南推进,并最终到达秋里塔格构造带的过程。     

Sedimentary Response of Different Fan Types to the Paleogene-Neogene Basin Transformation in the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,Xinjiang Province

A group of alluvial fans formed in the early Paleogene represent marginal sedimentary facies at the foot of the South Tianshan Mountain,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,Xinjiang province. Two types of fans occurred in the middle-late Paleogene Kumugeliemu and Suweiyi formations:one alluvial,and the other fan delta deposited in a lacustrine setting.Within the early Neogene Jidike Formation,coastal subaqueous fans developed,probably in a deeper water lacustrine setting.The three types of fans are stacked vertic...