贵州道真新民铝土矿床成矿机理

为深入探讨贵州道真新民铝土矿床的成矿物质来源、成矿环境及成矿地质作用,并建立成矿地质作用模型,本文对研究区地质特征及含铝岩系、底板黄龙组、韩家店组岩（矿）石的地球化学特征进行研究。研究结果表明：铝土矿Al2O3、TiO2、Ga/Al2O3含量与韩家店组泥页岩非常接近,含铝岩系稀土元素总量、配分曲线及δEu与韩家店组泥页岩最为接近,Zr-Cr-Ga三角图解显示该矿床含铝岩系与韩家店泥页岩分布位置接近,均落于中性或泥质母岩区;含铝岩系MnO/TiO2比值低,Ga含量高,Sr/Ba值低,显示矿床形成于陆相沉积环境,V/Zr值显示矿床具有海相沉积特征;含铝岩系具Ce正异常,Th/U值介于2～7之间,Be含量低,表明研究区铝土矿经历了风化作用、沉积作用;研究区铝土矿中的一水铝石是由三水铝石演化而成,经历了成岩后生压实脱水作用;通过研究区地表矿石与深部矿石主要化学成分对比,说明铝土矿经历后期表生淋滤作用。综合矿床地质地球化学特征,认为新民铝土矿成矿物质来源于下伏韩家店组泥页岩;成矿环境为陆相河湖环境,其沉积时曾有海水侵入;母岩演化为铝土矿的过程经历风化作用、搬运沉积作用、成岩后生作用、后期表生作用等一系列成矿地质作用。     

铝土矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状

铝土矿是金属铝的主要来源,近年来,随着经济社会快速发展和城镇化逐步推进,中国铝需求量逐年走高.文章简要概括了铝土矿的分布特点、主要类型及主要资源国的铝土矿分布情况,着重介绍了最近几年铝土矿勘查开发的新进展,以深化对铝土矿空间分布、地质特征的认识,把握铝土矿的勘查开发趋势.根据矿石成因,铝土矿主要分为红土型和岩溶型两类,...     

贵州铝土矿资源特征及矿业可持续发展建议

贵州省铝土矿资源丰富,但不可盲目乐观。本文从贵州省铝土矿地质特征、资源分布等特点,分析贵州铝土矿资源在开发利用中存在资源浪费、可利用度低、采矿加工成本高等方面问题,针对面临的问题,提出了贵州铝土矿资源可持续利用的相关建议。     

河南省偃龙铝土矿床晚石炭世古地理特征及其对铝土矿的控矿意义

河南省偃龙铝土矿床是近年通过整装勘查新发现的超大型铝土矿床,通过对大量钻孔岩心数据的分析比较,认为区内存在障壁岛沉积相、浅湖-潟湖沉积相、潮坪-沼泽沉积相等3种主要类型沉积环境.铝土矿成矿过程中,在局部的障壁岛沉积相环境无沉积成矿;在浅湖-潟湖沉积相环境下容易沉积成矿,铝土矿的沉积厚度与浅湖-潟湖沉积相下含矿岩系的沉积厚度呈中度相关关系;在潮坪-沼泽沉积相受沉积环境条件的影响,沉积成矿的条件较差.偃龙地区晚石炭世古地理特征决定了含矿岩系的厚度,但不直接控制铝土矿成矿厚度,而是在其他成矿条件耦合作用下,古地理通过控制铝土矿的沉积环境间接控制铝土矿的形成.     

河南省三门峡铝土矿地质特征及控矿条件研究

河南省三门峡境内铝土矿床是产于奥陶系灰岩之上的一水硬铝石型沉积型铝土矿床,铝土矿矿体形态与古岩溶侵蚀面有着密切的关系,呈层状-似层状、透镜状（扁豆状）、溶斗状等,矿体的形态严格受古地形的控制.矿石类型主要为砾屑状、砂（粒）状、蜂窝状、豆鲡状及致密状铝土矿,以及它们之间的复合类型.矿床的形成主要受本溪组地层、构造、古地理等多种条件控制.     

Bauxite formation on Tertiary sediments in the coastal plain of Suriname

Lateritic bauxites in the coastal lowlands of Suriname form part of a belt along the northern margin of the Guiana Shield that has long been one of the world's major bauxite producing regions. The Surinamese deposits, many of which with an extensive mining history, originated on Tertiary siliciclastic sediments and were mostly buried under a layer of young sediments. The bauxite-bearing sequences are generally topped with an iron-rich layer largely made up of hematite and goethite. It covers a gibbsite-rich bauxite horizon that passes downward into a kaolinitic bottom section containing anatase and zircon as main accessory minerals. Weathering profiles across formerly mined deposits were analyzed for geochemical and mineralogical properties aimed at exploring compositional diversity, underlying controls of bauxite-formation and the nature of precursor sediments.Studied profiles in different parts of the coastal plain reveal overall similarities between individual deposits in showing significant depletion of Si, K, Na, Mg and Ca and strong, primarily residual, relative enrichment of Al, Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta and Th. In detail, however, there are distinct differences in major and trace-element signatures, accessory mineral assemblages, facies distribution and provenance of the terrigenous precursor sediments. Enrichments in high field-strength elements and heavy rare earth elements are largely attributable to accumulation of heavy minerals like zircon in the precursor. Petrological and trace-element evidence does not support a direct genetic relationship between bauxite and the underlying saprolitic clays. The complex petrologic characteristics and compositional heterogeneity of the coastal-plain deposits can essentially be explained by element fractionation, primarily through selective leaching, in combination with relative and absolute enrichment processes, erosion and reworking during two-stage, polycyclic bauxitization of a heterogeneous precursor.     

铝土矿(岩)型锂资源及其开发利用潜力

铝土矿常共伴生Li、Zr、Nb、Sc等三稀元素,是潜在的巨大沉积型锂资源库。铝土矿中锂的赋存状态和分布规律研究,对丰富发展锂矿成矿理论和实现铝土矿资源的综合利用意义重大。文章系统收集了中国山西、河南、广西、贵州、云南和重庆等地区铝土矿床的地球化学、矿物学、年代学资料,探讨了锂的赋存、分布规律、影响因素和综合利用前景。黔北、渝南、豫西、晋中北铝土矿区的古风化壳沉积型富锂铝土矿(岩),成矿时代为晚石炭世本溪期和中二叠世梁山期,锂主要富集于含矿岩系中、下部致密块状铝土岩(高铝黏土岩)-硬质黏土岩中,其A/S值为1.1～1.8,w(SiO_2)为25%～45%,w(Al_2O_3)介于35%～55%,而在土状铝土矿中w(Li)偏低。锂主要以离子交换和离子吸附2种形式赋存在高岭石、绿泥石、蒙脱石等黏土矿物中,并且当黏土矿物含量高、种类多时,w(Li)更高。铝土矿(岩)型锂是沉积型锂资源的重要而巨大的来源,黏土提锂在实验和工业上的进展为铝土矿中锂的综合利用提供了广阔前景。     

REE Tetrad Effect as a Powerful Indicator of Formation Conditions of Karst Bauxites: A Case Study of the Shahindezh Deposit,NW Iran

Study of the concentration of major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) in the Shahindezh karst bauxite deposit, northwestern Iran clarifies the relationship of the tetrad effect with geochemical parameters in the bauxite ores. The existence of irregular curves in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns as well as non-CHARAC behavior of geochemically isovalent pairs (Y/Ho) are related to the tetrad effect. The meaningful positive correlation between the sizes of the calculated T3 tetrad effect and some geochemical factors such as Y/Ho, ΣREE, La/Y, (La/Yb)N, and (LREE/HREE)N as well as some major oxides-based parameters like Al2O3 + LOI/SiO2 + Fe2O3, Al2O3/Fe2O3, Al2O3 + LOI, IOL, and SiO2 + Fe2O3 indicate that the studied bauxite horizon was likely deposited by different (acidic and/or alkalic) solutions at different stages. The lower part of the studied horizon with a thickness of ~4.7 m displays alkali characteristics whereas the upper parts of the horizon with a thickness of ~5.3 m are characterized by more acidic conditions. These results are fully supported by the co-occurrence of convex-concave tetrad effect curves in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns. Therefore, the tetrad effect phenomenon used in this study has proved to be a good and reliable geochemical proxy to assess the conditions of the depositional environment in the Shahindezh bauxite ores.     

基于样本数据的红土型铝土矿定量遥感建模与反演研究

定量遥感找矿是遥感大数据在找矿应用中的一项前沿技术。本文采用多元回归分析方法,通过对多组不同数量地表铝土矿样本进行遥感建模与反演实验,探索样本量对定量遥感建模的影响。实验中,首先以地表采样获得的Al2O3、SiO2含量分析结果作为样本数据,再根据样本位置从Landsat 8遥感数据中分别读取1~7个波段反射率数据,然后利用SPSS软件,将Al2O3、SiO2含量与相应的1~7波段反射率进行多元回归分析,并分别建立Al2O3、SiO2含量遥感定量反演模型。为了得到最佳反演模型,随机选出6批不同数量的样本进行建模实验,每批样本大约2/3用于建模,其余1/3用于模型检验。实验结果表明:随着样本量增加,模型的判定系数(R2)均呈先快速升高后缓慢下降的趋势,反演结果的均方根误差则与之相反。当样本量为50左右时,判定系数取得极大值,均方根误差取得极小值,总体具有偏态分布特征。最后,利用遥感影像对样本量为50时建立的模型进行反演验证,研究区地表Al2O3、SiO2含量的反演结果与实际情况吻合得很好,从而证实了该建模方法具有可靠性,可以进一步推广使用。     

黔北务正道地区铝土矿层特征及其反映的早二叠世古气候*

铝土矿的形成受到气候条件的严格限制。通过对黔北务川—正安—道真地区下二叠统铝土矿层钻孔岩心样品主量元素和黏土矿物的综合研究,探讨了铝土矿层形成时期黔北地区的古气候环境以及淋滤作用对矿层的改造。从下至上,铝土矿层化学蚀变指数(CIA)由80左右上升至大于90,成分分异指数(ICV)由0.8下降至0.1。X射线衍射分析发现,研究区铝土矿层中的黏土矿物组分为高岭石、伊利石与绿泥石,其中高岭石在各个钻孔中广泛存在且在大部分层位中含量较高,平均含量为34.2％,并呈机械碎屑或基质形态产出且有进一步风化成为铝矿物的现象;伊利石主要以机械碎屑形式产出,平均含量为21.5％,赋存于矿层的黏土质部分,结晶度变化范围为0.22°～0.71°;绿泥石多为基质,部分层位中含量极高且伴随ICV值上升,平均含量为44.3％,为后期成岩过程中由高岭石转化而成。矿层内极高的CIA值与广泛存在的高岭石证明,铝土矿形成时为炎热潮湿的古气候。而矿层内部ICV值的波动可能与淋滤作用所引起的矿层内元素迁移活动有关。