Metallogenic Model of Bauxite in Central Guizhou Province: an Example of Lindai Deposit

The bauxites in central Guizhou are hosted by the Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation.Geochemistrial characteristics of the Lindai bauxite deposit indicate that the underlying Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the precursor rock of mineral resources.Weathering simulation experiments show that Si is most likely to migrate with groundwater,the migration rate of which is several magnitude higher than Al and Fe under nature conditions （pH=3-9）.The neutral and acid nonreducing condition is the most conducive to the Al rich and Si removal,while the acid reducing conditions is the most conducive to the Al rich and Fe removal.In the process of bauxite formation,coal beds overlying the Al-bearing rock series or other rock formation rich in organic materials can produce acid reducing groundwater,which are important for the bauxite formation.Finally,propose the metallogenic model of the bauxite in central Guizhou Province and put forward three new words which are ＂original bauxite material＂,＂bauxite material＂ and ＂original bauxite＂.     

河南省的铝土矿

河南省的铝土矿赋存于石炭系本溪组中,按成矿物质来源可分为原地型和异地型两种类型.成矿物质来源主要与古风化壳的地形形态有关.矿床规模、矿体形态、矿石质量主要受奥陶纪-石炭纪之间的侵蚀间断时间、侵蚀间断面形态及距古陆的距离控制.滨海-湖-沼泽相是铝土矿形成的有利环境.陕县-新安一带是寻找隐伏型铝土矿的有利地区.     

几内亚红土型铝土矿床地质特征

几内亚铝土矿资源丰富,并具有品位高,富铝、高铁、低硅、易采、易选之特点,属富含三水铝石的红土型铝土矿。硅铝铁风化壳是本区的含矿岩系,主要矿石类型为蜂窝状、土状和块状铝土矿。矿体多赋存于山体顶部和坡度适中的斜坡上,地形平坦地段和沟谷部位矿体质量差或无矿体。几内亚属于湿热多雨和干湿交替的热带气候,为红土型铝土矿的形成提供了有利条件。广泛分布的富铝基性岩石是铝土矿的母岩,也是形成铝土矿的基本前提。     

滇西北鹤庆松桂铝土矿地球化学特征

研究区矿体产于三叠系中窝组底部油页岩与下伏中三叠统北衙组灰岩、白云质灰岩不整合面上,矿体呈透镜状、漏斗状,受岩浆侵入、岩溶发育影响,矿层厚度不稳定.主要矿石矿物有一水硬铝石和三水硬铝石,呈鲕状、致密豆状、松散状（土状）.该矿床的Al/Si比值等岩石化学数据总体反映出Al₂O₃与SiO₂、TiO₂含量均成正相关关系.矿石样品∑REE富集,δCe显示正异常,δEu负异常明显.微量元素研究显示出沉积成因特征和成矿物源的多源性,铝土矿矿石结构构造、沉积特点及生物组成反映其形成环境主要为海相沉积环境.     

黔北务正道铝土矿的成矿作用及成矿模式

从母岩特征、研究区风化作用特点等方面对黔北务正道铝土矿的成矿作用和成矿过程进行了初步研究,认为务正道铝土矿的成矿母岩—下志留统韩家店群的海相页（泥）岩富含水云母是风化成矿的物质条件;矿源区母岩风化形成的富铝碎屑经剥蚀、冲刷、搬运再沉积过程对铝土矿的形成、富集和进一步纯化起着重要作用;进而建立了务正道铝土矿的成矿模式系列图。     

河南省荥巩煤田大峪沟矿段深部铝土矿床地质特征及找矿方向

荥巩煤田大峪沟矿段深部铝土矿床是最近找矿突破发现的一个大型铝土矿床。该铝土矿床成矿时代为早二叠世,成矿物源主要为古陆铝硅酸岩风化物,少量为中奥陶统马家沟组碳酸盐岩风化产物,成矿环境为潮坪-沼泽环境,由长期的沉积间断、特定的岩相古地理环境、构造变形和表生风化作用共同控制着矿床的形成;上石炭统本溪组是铝土矿形成的含矿岩系;海湾泻湖相沉积环境是铝土矿床形成的有利条件;下古生界奥陶系、寒武系古岩溶侵蚀面是铝土矿形成的有利场所,古岩溶侵蚀面洼地及漏斗是铝土矿的定位空间。大峪沟矿段铝土矿床成因模式属于"古陆风化+碎屑和化学沉积";成矿机制为机械和化学分异。含矿岩系底部铁质风化壳/铁质黏土岩为碳酸盐岩风化形成,铝(黏)土矿来源于铝硅酸盐岩。大峪沟深部铝土矿床的发现为河南省寻找深部铝土矿床指明了方向。     

Origin and geochemical evolution from ferrallitized clays to karst bauxite: An example from the Lower Cretaceous of NE Spain

Four outcrops of Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) karst bauxites located in Teruel (NE Spain) were analysed. The deposits show a heterogeneous-chaotic lithostructure consisting of pisolitic bauxite blocks embedded in lateritic red clays filling karst cavities. The research has focused on the geochemical study of major, minor, and trace elements (including some critical to industry) of both the bauxites and clays. The objective was to investigate the bauxite precursor material and to characterize the system’s geochemical evolution. Geochemical analyses were carried out by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectroscopy. An absolute weathering index has been calculated to estimate element mobility, assuming Ti as an immobile element and the Upper Continental Crust (UCC) as parent material. Further, selected samples were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The data indicate that both the bauxites and red clays originated by intense chemical weathering from more mafic argillaceous sediments than the UCC. Ongoing weathering caused the bauxitization of the upper parts of the original profile, preventing the lower parts from being bauxitized, thus producing the ferrallitized clays underlying the pisolitic bauxites. Subsequent karst reactivation gave rise to the current lithostructure. Ferrallitization is related to Fe, Sc, and V enrichment. On the other hand, although bauxites are relatively enriched in some elements compared to clays, the more intense chemical weathering associated with bauxitization led to chemical homogenization and widespread element depletion. During the bauxitization, Al, Ti, Zr, Cr, and probably Hf and the critical element Nb behaved as more immobile elements in the system. Bauxitization also enhanced homogenization and depletion of the REE, which is more pronounced for the LREE. HREE trends seem to be partly related to the concentration of Ti oxides in the bauxites, whereas P-bearing phases, more frequent in the clays, control the LREE. Subsequent to bauxitization, partial kaolinization of the bauxite took place related to the circulation of acid solutions that also caused the karst reactivation. These late processes caused some Al depletion in the bauxites and enhanced Fe loss together with V and, to a lesser extent, Ge.     

高频红外碳硫仪测定重晶石和黄铁矿中的硫

硫酸盐矿石和硫化物矿石大部分是低电磁性的物质,利用高频红外碳硫仪测定这类矿石中的硫时,在燃烧过程中难以产生较大的电磁感应涡流,导致矿石中的硫释放不完全,造成硫的测定结果偏低。本文采用二氧化硅将重晶石精矿和黄铁矿精矿稀释成不同硫含量的重晶石和黄铁矿样品,通过优化称样量及助熔剂等测试条件,建立了使用高频红外碳硫仪测定重晶石和黄铁矿中硫含量的分析方法。结果表明:当样品中的硫含量高于2%时确定称样量为0.07 g,当硫含量低于2%时确定称样量为0.1 g,加入助熔剂0.4 g锡粒+0.4 g铁粒+1.5 g钨粒,可使重晶石和黄铁矿中的硫完全释放进入仪器红外吸收区域,硫的回收率提高至95.8%~104.2%(重晶石)和95.3%~105.1%(黄铁矿),分别高于常规红外碳硫仪的回收率(83.39%~91.1%和91.5~97.5%)。本方法精密度高(RSD5%),实现了硫含量的准确测定。     

新疆乌什北山铝土矿成矿特征与找矿远景研究

铝土矿床（点）,位于南天山石炭纪被动大陆边缘,其中阿依里河是铝土矿成矿中心,区域上矿体沿地层走向在北东、南西地区均有稳定的延伸。以阿依里河铝土矿矿床为例,阐述了新疆乌什北山一带铝土矿成矿地质条件、含矿层位、矿床地质特征。工业铝土矿体主要产在中石炭统灰岩内的3个侵蚀面上,矿体以似层状、透镜状为主,其形态及规模受侵蚀面及古地形的控制。笔者分析了铝土矿矿床成因类型、矿石类型,总结了矿区的成矿规律和铝土矿找矿标志,乌什北山一带有形成大中型铝土矿成矿的地质条件,具有寻找大型铝土矿的找矿远景和潜力,认为滚滚铁列克至英阿特一带中石炭统分布的狭长地带是重要的找矿靶区。     

Subaerial leaching process of sedimentary bauxite and the discussion on classifications of bauxite deposits

Bauxite is the ultimate fine-grained products of chemical weathering,and thus it is closely linked with the intense chemical weathering. Based on variations of parent rock and weathering processes,the weathering products can be subdivided into laterite and terra rossa,of which the former is formed by weathering of aluminosilicates and the latter is produced by the weathering of carbonates. During the intense chemical weathering,minerals in original subaerial sediments(parent rocks)would suffer a series of processes(dissolution,hydrolyzation,hydration,carbonation,and oxidation)and be destroyed or transformed,leading to formation of new minerals. In the favorable environment,continuously intense chemical weathering would cause the loss of most mobile elements(e.g., K,Na,Ca,Mg,Si)and the enrichment of Al,resulting in the formation of bauxite. Although sedimentary bauxites are closely linked with the weathering curst,they show obvious differences in formation processes. Sedimentary bauxites are composed of intense chemical weathering products that are transported from outside of the basin and re-deposited in the basin,while most weathering crusts are transformed from saprolite and/or deluvium in-situ,and they can only form low-grade bauxites. Sedimentary environments also differ in bauxite ore layers and bauxitic claystone layers. Bauxite ore layers are formed in the subaerial environment and controlled by the leaching process of groundwater in the vadose zone. Based on the analysis of bauxitization,this study proposes to use multiple parameters,such as provenance,sedimentation and mineralization,to build the new classification of Chinese bauxite deposits. In this classification,lateritic and karstic types of bauxite deposits are autochthonous or parautochthonous saprolite and/or deluvium,while sedimentary type is dominated by heterochthonous provenance.