河南省新安县孙坑铝土矿地质特征及成矿物质来源分析

新安县孙坑铝土矿主要赋存于中石炭统本溪组中,矿石类型主要是一水硬铝石型铝土矿.笔者通过在该区进行地质工作,对该地区铝土矿的基本地质特征进行了阐述.对采取的铝土矿样品进行稀土元素测试分析,认为本区铝土矿的矿源物质主要来源于底板灰岩的风化碎屑.结合底板灰岩物质来源,表明铝土矿中的稀土元素具有一定的继承性.     

贵州省凯里市大田铝土矿矿床地质特征及成矿规律分析

凯里市大田铝土矿是贵州省重要铝土矿成矿带凯里─黄平矿集区(带)内的重要矿床。通过工作发现:①二叠系梁山组是其含矿层位,矿体呈似层状、透镜状/漏斗状产出,总体走向NE,平均厚2.59 m,w(Al₂O₃)平均值为64.25%,铝硅比平均为5.25,铝土矿(332+333)矿石资源量978.38×10⁴ t;②矿石矿物以一水硬铝石为主,矿石结构一般为自形、半自形或它形粒状结构,构造主要为块状构造、孔隙状构造、层纹状构造,矿石类型以低硫低铁铝土矿为主;③矿床受断裂构造影响较大,在该区西北部的泥质岩相带中铝土矿成矿较好,矿体厚度与含矿岩系厚度成正比,矿石的w(Al₂O₃)值与w(SiO₂)值成反比;④高坡场组古岩溶洼地、槽沟是该区铝土矿找矿的有利部位。     

沉积型铝土矿原位溶浸技术可行性分析及开采设想

沉积型铝土矿是我国主要的铝土矿类型,经过几十年的开发,储采比逐渐下降,深部难动用资源的绿色开发迫在眉睫. 通过开展静态溶浸实验和电极加热仿真模拟,结合原位溶浸技术在铀矿和稀土矿开采中的成功经验,总结出该技术在固体矿产开采中应用的适用条件包括:矿物可溶性、矿体分布稳定性、顶底板条件、矿体渗透性. 我国北方铝土矿资源与以上条件切合程度高,适合采用原位溶浸技术进行开采. 本次研究还提出了沉积型铝土矿原位溶浸开采的工艺方案,为下一步开展先导试验提供了设计思路.     

圭亚那林登地区东蒙哥马利铝土矿地质特征及成因分析

东蒙哥马利铝土矿位于圭亚那地盾东北部的临海陆缘区,铝土矿体沿前寒武纪基底与新近纪伯比斯层之间的不整合面产出。通过成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿石特征的分析发现,铝土矿床是以花岗岩和片麻岩为主体的富铝硅酸盐岩石在高温多雨、干旱交替的热带气候环境下,经历了早期的红土化作用和晚期的海侵作用,经过不断地分解、淋滤,最终形成的高铝低铁低硅的古风化壳红土型铝土矿。     

广西铝土矿矿床特征、成矿规律、成矿系列及找矿方向

广西铝土矿矿床类型有沉积一水硬铝石型、堆积一水硬铝石型和堆积三水铝石型三种, 各类型铝土矿矿床均有相当数量达中-大型规模。矿石质量以堆积一水硬铝石型铝土矿最佳。广西铝土矿矿集区主要位于桂西和桂中地区, 其次为桂西南地区, 其中百色市的那坡—靖西—德保和平果—田东—田阳两个矿集区分布有广西大部分优质一水硬铝石型铝土矿矿床; 桂中地区的矿集区以堆积三水铝土矿分布为主; 桂西南扶绥—龙州矿集区亦具有一定的规模。广西沉积一水硬铝石型铝土矿矿床受控于上二叠统合山组煤系地层, 其后期风化形成了堆积一水硬铝石型铝土矿床, 而堆积三水铝土矿床则主要为碳酸盐岩分布区第四纪红土型风化作用形成的。广西铝土矿划分为两个矿床系列组合, 一为与沉积作用有关的矿床系列组合, 二为与风化作用有关的矿床成矿系列组合。作者采用全国统一成矿预测方法预测了广西铝土矿资源潜力, 圈出了7个铝土矿成矿远景区。下一步找矿将以探查沉积一水硬铝石型铝土矿为主。     

中国镓矿分布规律、成矿机制及找矿方向

金属镓资源是我国优势资源, 但随着国内外需求量不断增大, 我国金属镓的后备资源逐步短缺。本文系统搜集了我国富镓矿床研究和勘查成果资料, 初步总结了我国富镓矿的分布规律、成矿机制和找矿方向。研究认为, 我国镓矿主要伴生在铝土矿、煤矿和铅锌矿之中, 以铝土矿中伴生镓最为重要。依据不同成矿作用将我国具有工业价值的富镓矿床划分为沉积型铝土矿、堆积型铝土矿、红土型铝土矿、煤矿床和碳酸盐岩型(MVT)铅锌矿等5种伴生镓矿床类型, 并总结了不同类型镓矿床的时空分布规律。时间上, 我国富镓矿床在元古宙、古生代、中生代和新生代均有发育, 以石炭纪—三叠纪、侏罗纪—白垩纪和第四纪为主。其中, 富镓铝土矿主要形成于石炭纪、二叠纪和第四纪, 以石炭纪最为重要; 富镓铅锌矿主要形成于震旦纪和寒武纪; 富镓煤矿主要形成于石炭纪和二叠纪。空间上, 我国富镓矿床主要分布在晋豫成矿区、右江成矿区、扬子陆块西南成矿区、川—滇—黔成矿带、湘西—鄂西成矿带、湘东—赣西成矿带和华北陆块北缘成矿区等7个区带中。不同类型富镓矿床的成矿机制不同, 一般在风化-沉积作用下形成富镓铝土矿, 镓与铝常以类质同象形式存在; 在生物化学沉积作用下形成富镓煤矿, 镓常以无机态、有机态和混合形式存在, 在我国多以无机态的形式赋存于勃姆石、硬水铝石等矿物中; 在热液作用下形成富镓铅锌矿, 镓可能以类质同象形式进入以闪锌矿为主的硫化矿物晶格中。根据不同镓矿的成矿作用、富集过程和地质背景, 建立了煤矿、铅锌矿和铝土矿中镓富集成矿的理想模型, 并对铝土矿、煤矿和铅锌矿中伴生镓矿进行了找矿预测, 提出了找矿方向和重点找矿区域, 其中以沉积型、堆积型铝土矿的找矿为主攻方向, 并可兼顾煤矿和铅锌矿等其他伴生镓矿床。     

Production of Bauxite Certified Reference Material (BARC-B1201) for Nine Property Values (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, V2O5, MnO,Cr2O3, MgO and LOI) Traceable to SI Units

The National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials (NCCCM) / Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO), India have produced an Indian origin bauxite certified reference material (CRM), referred to as BARC-B1201, certified for major (Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, loss on ignition - LOI) and trace contents (V₂O₅, MnO, Cr₂O₃, MgO). Characterisation was undertaken by strict adherence to ISO Guides. A method previously developed and validated in our laboratory, using single step bauxite dissolution and subsequent quantitation (of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, V₂O_5, MnO, Cr₂O₃ and MgO) by ICP-AES (SSBD ICP-AES) was used for homogeneity studies and an inter-laboratory comparison exercise (ILCE) of the candidate CRM. LOI was determined by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Property values were assigned after an ILCE with participation from seventeen reputed government and private sector laboratories in India. The CRM was certified for nine property values: Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, V₂O_5, MnO, Cr₂O₃, MgO and LOI, which are traceable to SI units.     

非洲铝土矿地质特征、成矿规律与找矿前景研究

非洲是全球铝土矿资源最丰富的大洲,以产有多个世界级铝土矿矿床而著称。为分析该地区铝土矿的地质特征、成矿规律和找矿前景,本文在总结非洲铝土矿资源禀赋特征的基础上,探讨了该地区铝土矿资源的区域成矿地质背景、矿床类型、成矿条件、成矿特征、时空分布规律和成矿演化过程,划分了成矿区带。研究表明：①非洲铝土矿资源主要集中分布在西非地区,具有储量巨大、品位高、埋藏浅、易开采等特点;②矿床类型为红土型,是在成矿构造环境、成矿母岩、古气候、古地形地貌等多种成矿条件耦合下,铝硅酸盐岩及富铝变质岩发生深度红土化作用的产物;③成矿母岩以中新生代基性侵入岩、火山岩及古元古代变质岩、古生代变质岩为主;④赋铝土矿红土风化壳具有垂直分带性;⑤成矿构造单元以西非克拉通为主;⑥主要成矿时代为晚白垩世-新生代。根据铝土矿的成矿构造环境、成矿特征和时空分布规律,将非洲铝土矿划分为西非铝土矿成矿省和东南非铝土矿成矿省2个成矿省及6个一级成矿带,这些成矿省、成矿带是非洲重要的铝土矿矿产地和找矿远景区,找矿潜力巨大。     

Availability of Bauxite Reserves

Based upon a large database, this paper analyzes the record of bauxite mine production, exploration success, and resource depletion and evaluates the availability of bauxite reserves in the near future. The record clearly shows that for the past 50 years world bauxite production rose by an annual increase of over 5% while per capita consumption rose during the same period by about 4%. Time trends of the world bauxite reserve life index (RLI); that is, known world reserves of a given year divided by world production of the same year, are episodic and seem to follow bauxite price cycles. The present-day RLI indicates adequate bauxite supply for about 180 years and is the same as it was in 1950. However, if an annual growth rate of 5% is considered, the currently known reserves will be exhausted within the next 20 years and the reserve base will be adequate for not more than 25 years. This scenario is based, of course, on the unrealistic assumption that future exploration efforts fail to discover additional reserves. Evaluation of the quality, in terms of bauxite signatures, and quantity of presently known bauxite prospects that may be mined in future suggests that there is sufficient potential for adequate bauxite supply for the next 20 to 25 years at least. Bauxite signatures cover a wide range of values that allows selection of the most favorable bauxite prospects for future mining, both in economic as well as environmental terms. Although, there is the general believe that the world abundance of bauxite resources will ensure sufficient supply to meet future demands significant additional reserves have to be discovered if exponential growth rates continue. As the question of future bauxite supply is subject to economic and geologic principles one has to take into consideration that increasing exploration maturity in many mineral provinces will make it difficult to locate additional bauxite reserves and that decreasing real commodity prices will influence the level of investment in bauxite exploration.     

孝义-霍州一带铝土矿形成的古地理环境及找矿前景

孝义—霍州一带铝土矿是指山西省孝义市—霍州市包括交口县等区域间石炭系本溪组下段的Ｇ层铝土矿。其本溪期古地理环境为一狭长的低凹盆地,其中心部位为泻湖相,由泥质岩—铁质岩或铁质岩—泥质岩区组成,泻湖边缘相由铝质岩区、泥质岩—铝质岩区、铝质岩—泥质岩区构成,铝土矿主要形成分布于该相区内。该区已成为我国最大的铝土矿资源地之一,预计该区南部（汾西西南部）西侧仍具较大找矿前景,可望今后实现地质找矿的重大突破。