岩溶水型水源地保护区划分方法研究——以济南市曹楼水源地为例

对地下水水源地进行保护区划分将提高地下水的安全保障程度。岩溶水型水源地由于含水层的非均质、各向异性的特点,难以合理准确的划分水源地保护区。以济南市曹楼水源地为研究对象,在充分收集和分析水源地水文水质、地形地貌等资料的基础上,采用组合法划定水源地保护区,结合地形地质条件对保护区范围进行修正,保护水源地免受污染。利用组合法划分的水源地保护区加强了对上游补给区,尤其是地下水主径流带的保护,划分结果更符合实际。利用该方法能提高对水源地主要补给区的保护,保障地下水的可持续开发利用,为水源地的保护提供科学的依据和参考。     

公路桥涵台背回填及处治技术研究

“桥头跳车”现象,已成为高速公路的多发常见病害,分析其主要原因是桥头与路基的沉降差所致。通过对在建垫（江）邻（水）高速公路“桥、涵背”回填及处治技术研究,提出合理设置过渡台阶,使用级配碎石作回填材料,铺设土工格栅加强整体性等工程措施,经现场试验检验,处治效果较好。     

西安地裂缝场地勘察及受损建筑物的治理

结合地裂缝成因、性质及地质环境,提出了西安地裂缝场地勘察行之有效的方法,对拟建场地进行地裂缝监测,可预报地裂灾害。根据地裂缝对建筑物破坏的特点,结合地基处理技术提出了对受地裂缝影响建筑物治理的方法,对因土地紧张而需在地裂缝影响范围内建造的建筑物,从设计上考虑预纠偏方案作为预防措施     

枣庄南部岩溶塌陷风险预测及评估

枣庄南部岩溶塌陷发育,严重制约着当地经济的发展,并对居民生产、生活构成威胁。通过对影响岩溶塌陷的各要素进行系统的调查,结合当地社会经济发展资料,采用信息预测的方法,对枣庄南部岩溶塌陷进行风险预测及评估,并对不同地段的岩溶塌陷风险等级进行划分,从而为枣庄市地下水资源合理开发利用、环境治理、保护与规划提供了决策依据。     

辽宁石佛寺水库砂土液化处理试验

石佛寺水库工程建筑物区主要工程地质问题之一为砂土液化问题。在主坝轴线上选取适当部位进行几种液化处理方案的试验,为检测液化处理效果进行了地基加固处理前后密实度分析和加固处理后地基土地震液化特征分析与评价,对比几种方案的可行性,最终选择解决场区饱和砂土液化的最优方案。     

Synthesis and characterization of zeolite X obtained from kaolin for adsorption of Zn（Ⅱ）

This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of low-silica zeolite X, from calcined Kalabsha kaolin, for adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution. The synthesis processes is performed under hydrothermal treatment in alkaline solutions. The obtained zeolite samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction, grain size distribution, surface area, and SEM. The critical molar ratios of both SiO2/Al2O3 and K2O/Na2O are about 2.9 and 0.16, respectively. Those ratios are needed to give individual low silica zeolite X in a minimum reaction time. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized products is determined by adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from solution. The results suggest that the zeolite obtained could be converted to a beneficial product, which will be used in future as an ion exchanger in removing heavy metals from wastewaters.     

异波折板多段两相厌氧城市污水处理工艺试验研究

提出了异波折板多段两相厌氧城市污水处理工艺。通过反应器内异波折板的结构设计、液相流速设计和系统内生物相的分段调控,在提高传质效率的同时,使不同种群微生物的生化活性得到明显改善,有机污染物去除效率显著提高。实验结果表明,当水力停留时间大于10 h时,COD的去除率可达90%以上,而且受温度影响很小。     

Effect of heat treatment on tourmaline from Brazil

The crystal-chemical behaviour of tourmaline from Araçuaí, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, when subjected to heating in air atmosphere has been studied by several techniques, including EMPA, UV–Vis, TGA, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The tourmaline samples are typically intermediate members of the elbaite-schorl series. The origin of colour and of its change after treatment has been discussed in terms of local disorder, presence of metal transition elements, oxidation of ferrous iron at the octahedral site, and simultaneous trap of the excess electron. These findings may be used to enhance the colour in tourmaline crystals or generate wanted colour changes.     

四川什邡北部山区遥感调查次生地质灾害现状及防治建议

四川汶川发生8．0级强震后,在震中附近山区引发了大量的岩石崩滑、山体滑坡、堰塞湖等次生地质灾害,国土资源部中国地质调查局组织四川、湖北、湖南、陕西、安徽和中国地大的有关专家利用卫星遥感资料,迅速调查次生地质灾害情况,每天上报,供国务院等有关部门决策。本文选择重灾区之一的有代表性的什祁北部山区加以介绍,分析了特殊构造部位与次生地质灾害发生的关系,建立了次生地质灾害遥感解译标志,总结了该区次生地质灾害的主要类型,评价了该区的灾情现状,并提出了合理的防治建议,供同行们切磋。     

Mobile sediment in an urbanizing karst aquifer: implications for contaminant transport

 Here we investigate geochemical characteristics of sediment in different compartments of a karst aquifer and demonstrate that mobile sediments in a karst aquifer can exhibit a wide range of properties affecting their contaminant transport potential. Sediment samples were collected from surface streams, sinkholes, caves, wells, and springs of a karst aquifer (the Barton Springs portion of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer, Central Texas) and their mineralogy, grain-size distribution, organic carbon content, and specific surface area analyzed. Statistical analysis of the sediments separated the sampling sites into three distinct groups: (1) streambeds, sinkholes, and small springs; (2) wells; and (3) caves. Sediments from the primary discharge spring were a mix of these three groups. High organic carbon content and high specific surface area gives some sediments an increased potential to transport contaminants; the volume of these sediments is likely to increase with continued urbanization of the watershed. Received: 13 April 1998 · Accepted: 6 October 1998