复合地基柔性垫层作用分析

根据复合地基的形成条件和工作特性，分析复合地基柔性垫层设备的必要性及调节作用，并利用Vesic小孔扩张理论分析计算桩体向上刺入垫层量，从而确定垫层的设置厚度。     

碎石类压实填土人工地基检测实例与分析

根据建筑实际荷载与变形的观测资料及地基情况，可计算碎石类压实填土人工地基的变形模量E0值。试验与计算结果对比分析表明，采用重型动力触探试验及旁压试验来确定这类人工地基的变形模量E0值是安全的。指出这类人工地基承载力标准值，可由其变形模量及拟建建筑物允许沉降量来确定。     

宁南深埋岩溶水勘查的物探新技术

本文通过了分析宁南深埋岩溶水的勘查特点，提出了应用目前国际上先进的频率域电磁测深法即EH－4导导率成像系统和时间域电磁测深法即TEMS－3S瞬变电磁测深系统等物探新技术在宁南进行深埋岩溶水的勘查工作，并对上述两种新技术的应用条件进行了分析，给出了两个应用实例，最后对物探技术勘查深部岩溶水，基岩裂隙水的工作中几个主要问题进行了探讨。     

北大某工程基坑支护

本文根据工程实例了软弱地层的基坑边坡支护方法，防止周边建筑物沉降变形的控制措施，邻潮防渗技术及残留 滞水的处理方法。     

沿海高速公路反开挖施工中若干问题的探讨

本文对广东省西部沿海高速公路新会四标段管涵的反开挖施工中常见问题进行了探讨，提出了判定开挖时间的方法，并论述了开挖边坡坡度，基底承载力大小以及反开挖施工合理性问题。     

Identification of soil–structure interaction effect in base-isolated bridges from earthquake records

Identification of system parameters with the help of records made on base-isolated bridge during earthquakes provides an excellent opportunity to study the performance of the various components of such bridge systems. Using a two-stage system identification methodology for non-classically damped systems, modal and structural parameters of four base-isolated bridges are reliably identified using acceleration data recorded during 18 earthquakes. Physical stiffness of reinforced concrete columns, dynamic properties of soil and foundation impedance are found by available theoretical models in conjunction with pertinent information from the recorded accelerographs. Soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect in these bridges is examined by comparing the identified and physical stiffness of the sub-structure components. It is found that SSI is relatively pronounced in bridges founded in weaker soils and is more strongly related to the ratio of pier flexural stiffness and horizontal foundation stiffness than soil shear modulus, G_s, alone. However, substantial reduction in G_s is observed for moderate seismic excitation and this effect should be taken into account while computing foundation impedance.     

Water budget and vertical conductance for Lowry (Sand Hill) Lake in north-central Florida, USA

Water-budget components and the vertical conductance were determined for Lowry (Sand Hill) Lake in north-central Florida, USA. In this type of lake, which interacts with both the surface-water and groundwater systems, the inflow components are precipitation, surface-water inflow, groundwater inflow, and direct runoff (i.e. overland flow), and the outflow components are evaporation, groundwater outflow, and surface-water outflow. In a lake and groundwater system that is typical of many karst lakes in Florida, a large part of the groundwater outflow occurs by means of vertical leakage through an underlying confining unit to a deeper, highly transmissive aquifer called the upper Floridan aquifer. The water-budget component that represents vertical leakage to the upper Floridan aquifer was calculated as a residual using the water-budget equation. For the 13 month period from August 1994 to August 1995, relative to the surface area of the lake, rainfall at Lowry Lake was 1.55 m yr⁻¹, surficial aquifer inflow was 0.79 m yr⁻¹, surface-water inflow was 1.92 m yr⁻¹, and direct runoff was 0.01 m yr⁻¹. Lake evaporation was 1.11 m yr⁻¹, and surface-water outflow was 1.61 m yr⁻¹. The lake stage increased 0.07 m yr⁻¹, and the vertical leakage to the upper Floridan aquifer was 1.48 m yr⁻¹. Surficial aquifer outflow from the lake was negligible. At Lowry Lake, vertical leakage is a major component of the water budget, comprising about 35% of the outflow during the study period. The vertical conductance (K_V/b), a coefficient that represents the average of the vertical conductances of the hydrogeologic units between the bottom of a lake and the top of the upper Floridan aquifer, was determined to be 2.51 × 10⁻⁴ day⁻¹ for Lowry Lake.     

High sulfate concentrations in limestone springs: An important factor in conduit initiation?

Major ion concentrations in 404 springs in carbonate strata were found to exhibit a wide range in sulfate values. Sulfate concentrations are often much larger than would be expected from the analysis of samples from surface outcrops. Springs in the Sierra Madre Oriental (Mexico), the Rocky Mountains Front Range (Canada), and the Peak District (England) show similarities in sulfate concentration and in spatial distribution. Springs with high sulfate concentrations are found close to base level and are thermal. Springs with low sulfate concentration are found at higher elevations above base level and are not thermal. There is a direct relationship between sulfate concentration and spring temperature, and an inverse relationship with discharge. The results from the three areas described support a model of local and regional flow patterns, with deep regional flow providing the warm sulfate-rich water. The initial fracture porosity development in these aquifers may owe as much to the removal of sulfur minerals as to the removal of carbonate minerals. High sulfate values are frequently found in carbonate aquifers, so this model may be of widespread applicability.     

喀斯特洼地的分形特性研究*

以贵州高原中部普定马官地区和云南高原边缘西畴峰丛-洼地区为试验区,研究和探讨了喀斯特洼地发育过程中的分形特性。     

A computational workflow for rupture‐to‐structural‐response simulation and its application to Istanbul

Scenario‐based earthquake simulations at regional scales hold the promise in advancing the state‐of‐the‐art in seismic risk assessment studies. In this study, a computational workflow is presented that combines (i) a broadband Green's function‐based fault‐rupture and ground motion simulation—herein carried out using the “UCSB (University of California at Santa Barbara) method”, (ii) a three‐dimensional physics‐based regional‐scale wave propagation simulation that is resolved at  Hz, and (iii) a local soil‐foundation‐structure finite element analysis model. These models are interfaced with each other using the domain reduction method. The innermost local model—implemented in ABAQUS—is additionally enveloped with perfectly matched layer boundaries that absorb outbound waves scattered by the structures contained within it. The intermediate wave propagation simulation is carried out using Hercules , which is an explicit time‐stepping finite element code that is developed and licensed by the CMU‐QUAKE group. The devised workflow is applied to a  km region on the European side of Istanbul, which was modeled using detailed soil stratigraphy data and realistic fault rupture properties, which are available from prior microzonation surveys and earthquake scenario studies. The innermost local model comprises a chevron‐braced steel frame building supported by a shallow foundation slab, which, in turn, rests atop a three‐dimensional soil domain. To demonstrate the utility of the workflow, results obtained using various simplified soil‐structure interaction analysis techniques are compared with those from the detailed direct model. While the aforementioned demonstration has a limited scope, the devised workflow can be used in a multitude of ways, for example, to examine the effects of shallow‐layer soil nonlinearities and surface topography, to devise site‐ and structure‐specific seismic fragilities, and for calibrating regional loss models, to name a few.