贵州某机场岩溶地基处理设计

目前,岩溶地区地基处理设计没有统一的规范或标准可以借鉴。本文根据机场自身特点,通过评判隐伏岩溶的埋藏深度、顶板安全厚度及顶板洞径比等三种主要因素,介绍了一种目前机场常用的岩溶地基处理评价方法,并结合贵州某机场岩溶地基处理设计情况,对场区隐伏岩溶进行评判并提出处理措施,为类似工程提供一些参考和借鉴。     

跨越法采煤控制矿坑涌水量及防治岩溶地面塌陷的研究——以湖南辰溪孝坪煤矿桠杉坡井为例

湖南辰溪孝坪煤矿桠杉坡井为岩充水煤矿井,采用跨越法采煤,辅以封闭突水点、废弃巷道、采空区和将矿坑水排泄补给浅部溶洞水,控制了矿坑涌水量,保持了地下水基本平衡,防止了矿坑疏干排水诱发岩溶地面塌陷。其成功经验可供借鉴。     

山东省东平县大洪顶山地区岩溶洞穴景观资源评价

东平县大洪顶山岩溶地貌类型属岩溶山地地貌单元,山坡顶部及陡峭坡段岩石裸露,岩溶裂隙发育,岩体切割破碎,边坡陡立。区内岩溶洞穴发育,岩溶景观资源众多。目前已发现的溶洞有6处,大洪顶山南坡3处,北坡3处,溶洞口出露位置呈NWW向展布,北部九仙洞已探测长度1 862 m,南部神仙洞已探测长度2 052.50 m,溶洞内岩溶景观发育不均匀,发育有石笋、石钟乳、石幔、石帽、边石等。区内岩溶洞穴发育规模宏大,景观资源丰富,属鲁西地区发育规模最大的溶洞,在北方地区具代表性、典型性、稀有性,属我国北方地区不可多得的地质自然遗产,具有良好的开发前景及旅游价值。     

Structural and fluid evolution of Saraburi Group sedimentary carbonates,central Thailand: A tectonically driven fluid system

A stable isotopic study, focused on calcite cements, vein-fill calcite and various bioclasts was conducted on variably deformed and thrusted Lower and Middle Permian carbonates of the Saraburi Group. Samples were collected in quarry faces across 3 areas in the Saraburi–Lopburi region of central Thailand. Stable isotope crossplots (carbon and oxygen), using texture-aware isotope samples, defined variable, but related, fluid-cement histories, which are tied to regional burial and then orogenic overprints driven by the Indosinian (Triassic) orogeny. This was followed by telogenetic overprints, driven by late Cenozoic uplift. The studied carbonates were deposited along the western margin of the Indochina Block, where they were deposited as isolated calcareous algal, sponge and fusilinid-rimmed platforms on highs bound by extensional faults. The platform areas passed laterally and vertically into more siliciclastic dominated sequences, deposited in somewhat deeper waters within probable fault-bound lows. Regional post-depositional mesogenetic fluid-rock re-equilibration of the isotope values in ongoing calcite precipitates occurred until the matrix permeability was occluded via compaction and pressure solution. This regional burial regime was followed by collision of the Indochina and Sibumasu blocks during the Indosinian (Triassic) blocks, which drove a set of structurally focused (thrust-plane related) increasingly warmer set of fluids through the studied sequences. The final diagenetic overprint seen in the isotopic values of the latest calcite cements occurs in a telogenetic (uplift) setting driven by Cenozoic tectonics and isostatic uplift. Integration of isotope data with its structural setting establishes a clear separation in fluid events related to two time-separate tectonic episodes; its fluid chemistry defines the Permo-Triassic closure of the Paleotethys and its subsequent reactivation during the Tertiary collision of India and Asia. The C–O covariant plot fields in the Permian carbonates of central Thailand are so distinct that it is possible to use their signatures to separate burial from meteoric cements in drill cuttings and hence recognise equivalent subsurface unconformities and likely zone of porosity development in possible “buried hill plays in Thailand.     

层次分析及 GIS空间分析在矿山岩溶塌陷预测评估中的应用--以某大理石矿为例

以某大理石矿矿山地质环境调查资料为基础,通过对矿山岩溶塌陷的机理分析,采用层次分析法,选取地下水活动、覆盖层特征、岩溶发育程度和人类活动强度四个方面,共6个评价指标,建立某大理石矿岩溶塌陷预测评估体系。在确定各评价指标权重和各评价因子分级标准的基础上,以 MAPGIS 空间分析作为数据处理工具和系统运行平台,生成某大理石矿岩溶塌陷易发性分区图。     

孔间电磁波CT技术在北京普安店岩溶勘查中的应用

孔间电磁波CT技术是工程勘探中的一种常用方法,利用孔间层析成像进行探测,其成果清晰、直观,较好地展现了孔间介质电磁波吸收情况,清楚地显示出地下不同地质体的空间分布。北京普安店地区存在岩溶塌陷,前期进行了大量的钻孔勘探,利用钻孔进行孔间电磁波CT扫描,探测钻孔之间溶洞的分布情况,填补了钻孔之间溶洞展布情况的空白,并对溶洞的充填情况进行解释。该技术提供的数据准确可靠,信息丰富,为后期岩溶地区的稳定性评价及工程处理提供了科学依据和基础数据。     

山东省东平县大洪顶山地区岩溶洞穴景观资源评价

东平县大洪顶山岩溶地貌类型属岩溶山地地貌单元,山坡顶部及陡峭坡段岩石裸露,岩溶裂隙发育,岩体切割破碎,边坡陡立。区内岩溶洞穴发育,岩溶景观资源众多。目前已发现的溶洞有6处,大洪顶山南坡3处,北坡3处,溶洞口出露位置呈NWW向展布,北部九仙洞已探测长度1862 m,南部神仙洞已探测长度2052．50 m,溶洞内岩溶景观发育不均匀,发育有石笋、石钟乳、石幔、石帽、边石等。区内岩溶洞穴发育规模宏大,景观资源丰富,属鲁西地区发育规模最大的溶洞,在北方地区具代表性、典型性、稀有性,属我国北方地区不可多得的地质自然遗产,具有良好的开发前景及旅游价值。     

地埋管地源热泵技术在贵州岩溶地区的应用研究

地埋管热泵技术是采集地表以下200 m深度内的浅层地热能进行供热制冷的新型能源利用技术,而该技术在贵州碳酸盐岩分布区的应用和推广之所以受到制约,其主要原因是岩溶地层中建造垂直换热孔的难度大、成本较高。通过贵州省有色科技大楼附楼采用垂直地埋管式与基础桩螺旋盘管式有效组合的换热系统,在岩溶一般至中等发育的碳酸盐岩地层中开发利用浅层地热能的成功经验的介绍,为地埋管热泵技术在贵州岩溶地区的应用和推广提供参考。     

岩溶蓄水构造电阻率模型建立及其在物探找水中的应用

岩溶地下水的富集是极不均匀性的,寻找和查明岩溶蓄水构造的空间位置及其结构,是在岩溶山区寻找地下水源地的前提.本文通过对贵州省岩溶地下水富集条件的分析、归纳,将岩溶蓄水构造分为两个大类共七个类型,并利用地质体电阻率的统计结果建立了各类型岩溶蓄水构造的电阻率物理模型.实际工作表明,利用岩溶蓄水构造的电阻率物理模型,对提高岩溶山区找水打井的成功率具有指导意义.     

贵州省安龙县戈塘镇大海子岩溶洪涝的治理及其工程意义

贵州岩溶石山区岩溶洪涝洼地发育、内涝灾害造成了大量的耕地破。查明洪涝洼地成因并有效进行治理,对防灾减灾、生态环境治理、促进石山区经济社会发展具有重大意义。本文阐述了大海子岩溶洪涝的特征及其危害,探讨了洪涝洼地的成因,有针对性地提了治理方案。可为同类型治理工程提供借鉴。