喀斯特石漠化地区土壤Fe组成及其发生学意义

土壤中氧化铁的组成反映了土壤的成土过程和环境条件。通过对西南喀斯特石漠化地区不同石漠化阶段山地自然土壤和农田土壤Fe组成的分析,研究了土壤全铁、游离氧化铁和非晶形氧化铁的分布规律,探讨了喀斯特地区石漠化土壤的发育过程和Fe的指示作用。研究表明:①喀斯特地区土壤表层全铁含量在38.9～53.9g/kg之间,游离氧化铁含量在18.0～26.7g/kg之间,铁游离度在44.1%～73.4%之间,铁活度在7.2%～11.4%之间。②随着石漠化程度的加剧,土壤游离氧化铁和铁游离度呈增加的趋势,而铁活度呈降低的趋势。③在土体分布上,自然土壤剖面随深度的增加,土壤铁游离度和铁活度呈明显降低的趋势,而农田土壤铁游离度呈增加的趋势。④喀斯特地区的土壤是石灰岩溶蚀风化的产物,人为活动干扰下的自然土壤石漠化过程是在水力作用下的表土侵蚀过程,而农田土壤受水分垂直运动的影响,是土壤丢失的过程。     

1996年3月19日阿图什6.9级地震的追踪预报

根据１９９３年“新疆地震减灾综合研究”课题的分析结果，认为阿图会地区结果５－１０年发生６．５级以上强震的危害区之一。有关人员对阿图什地区加强了监视，进行了跟踪分析，作出中长期至短期不同时间尺度的预报。     

Verification of predicted non-linear site response during the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake

The linear and non-linear responses of surface soil layers have been predicted through the simultaneous simulation test against the observed ground motions at the six sites in Kobe City during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. The total stress analysis method and the effective stress analysis method have been applied for the rough and detailed verification of the predicted non-linear dynamic behavior at the PIS and RKI sites including the liquefaction phenomenon. The shear strain distribution along depth, the ratio of excess pore water pressure to initial effective stress, the liquefaction strength parameters to initial effective stress, and the stress–strain curve during the earthquake at the PIS site have been investigated when the predicted ground motion could simulate successfully the observed acceleration time histories and response spectra in the non-linear range.     

Contaminant migration at two low-level radioactive waste sites in arid western United States – A review

 Contamination of the unsaturated zone and ground water at the Beatty, Nevada and Richland, Washington low-level radioactive waste sites shows that pathways exist for rapid lateral and vertical migration of contaminants through unconsolidated clastic sediments that comprise the 100 m-thick unsaturated zones of those arid disposal sites. Disposal of liquid wastes at the Beatty site until 1975 may have contributed to rapid migration of contaminants, but negligible amounts of liquid wastes reportedly were disposed at the Richland LLRW site and similar problems of contaminant migration exist. Pathways for vertical migration in the unsaturated zone include fractures and, at Richland, clastic dikes; lateral migration pathways likely are facies-controlled. Disturbance of the disposal sites contributed to increased infiltration of the unlined waste trenches after closure; simulations that used Beatty sample data show dramatic increases in recharge with disturbances necessary to develop the site. Because neither an arid climate nor presence of a thick unsaturated zone offer effective barriers to ground-water contamination, reliance on those factors at proposed sites such as Ward Valley, California and elsewhere is unwarranted. Received: 4 February 1998 · Accepted: 4 May 1998     

遥感结合地面观测估算陆地生态系统蒸散发研究综述

地面观测和遥感模拟作为陆地生态系统蒸散发研究的2种基本手段,有着各自的优缺点且存在互补性。因此,有效地将遥感和地面观测站点资料相结合,探讨陆地生态系统蒸散发的时空分布规律及不同尺度转换理论与方法,实现蒸散耗水地面观测结果的尺度扩展和生态需水量估算成为普遍关注的焦点。从遥感与地面观测结合确定陆地生态系统蒸散发入手,论述目...     

江苏宜兴建立岩溶洞穴国家地质公园的可行性研究

江苏宜兴是我国岩溶洞穴非常集中发育的地区之一,在不到80km2的范围内共有岩溶洞穴83个,其中已开发的有善卷洞、张公洞、玉泉洞、灵谷洞、慕蠡洞、西施洞等。这些岩溶洞穴遗迹经初步研究发现,属世界级地质遗迹的有1个,国家级5个,另外还有其他国家级地质遗迹2个。它们具有重要的科研与科普价值和极高的美学价值,具备了建立国家地质公园的条件。     

个旧矿区地下水特征及控制因素

个旧矿区位于红河和南盘江两大水系的分水岭地带,属岩溶中山地貌,岩溶洼地、漏斗、落水洞等星罗棋布。矿区内无地表河流,地下水主要接受大气降雨补给。矿坑涌水量主要受大气降雨、岩溶发育程度、断裂构造及隐伏岩浆岩体控制。     

华宁暮车露天矿开采对周边地质环境影响评价

现场调查评价区地裂缝特征和成因机制,对形成地裂缝的直接原因——采矿诱发斜坡的失稳进行了定性、定量评价,提出不稳定斜坡的相应防治对策。     

岩溶区地质勘察技术研究

本文对岩溶地区工程地质勘察方法中的地质测绘、工程钻探、地球物理勘探、遥感技术、静力触探进行详细的研究,明确了每种勘察方法的使用条件,阐述了岩溶勘察应注意的问题和勘察要求。