克拉玛依油田八区八道湾组测井层序地层学研究

通过对克拉玛依油田八区下侏罗统八道湾组层序地层学总体特征,特别是测井层序的分析,并与邻区进行对比研究,识别出了3个三级层序界面,将八道湾组划分为2个层序、5个体系域,分别对应5个砂层组;同时简要论述了各体系域的特征,完成了八道湾组的地层层序划分。     

Geochronology and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic composition of the granites, enclaves, and dikes in the Karamay area, NW China: Insights into late Carboniferous crustal growth of West Junggar

New whole-rock major and trace elements,and zircon U-Pb and Hf-Nd isotope compositions are reported for the Karamay dikes,enclaves,and host granites in the West Junggar,NW China.Zircon U-Pb dating of the Karamay pluton yields an age of 300.7 ± 2.3 Ma for the enclave and 300.0 ± 2.6 Ma for the host granite,which was intruded by dike with an age of 298 Ma.The host granites exhibit relatively low SiO_2 contents and A/CNK and Ga/Al ratios,low initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(0.703421—0.703526) and positive εHf(t)(5.5—14.1) and εNd(t)(7.3—8.1) values with a young model age,suggesting that they are I-type granites and were mainly derived from a juvenile lower crustal source.The enclaves and dikes belong to an andesitic calc-alkaline series and have high MgO concentrations at low silica content and positive εNf(t)(7.6-13.2,14.2-14.9) and εNd(t)(6.8-8.3,~6.9) values.They are enriched in LILEs(Rb,Ba and U) and LREE and depleted in HFSEs(Nb and Ta) with insignificant negative Eu anomalies,indicating that the melts were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle modified by subducted oceanic crust-derived melts and minor fluids,followed by fractional crystallization.The Karamay host granites and enclaves are of mixed origin and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and lithospheric mantle-derived magmas,and were intruded by the unmixed dikes subsequently.The upwelling mantle through a slab window in an island arc environment might have triggered partial melting of the lithospheric mantle and its subsequent interaction with the granitic magma,further suggesting that the ridge subduction played an important role in the crustal growth of West Junggar.     

准噶尔盆地地层剥蚀厚度定量恢复方法研究与应用:以克拉玛依油田八区二叠系下乌尔禾组为例

准噶尔盆地克拉玛依油田八区二叠系下乌尔禾组逐层超覆,后期受强烈冲断作用而抬升,并遭受强烈剥蚀。恢复其地层古厚度不仅能够重建该区埋藏演化史,也是油气资源定量评价的重要基础。然而,研究区勘探程度低,传统剥蚀厚度计算方法受限。针对实际地质条件与现有资料,文中利用地震地层趋势法和沉积层序分析法,在准确圈定剥蚀边界的基础上,根据邻层厚度比值法和参考层厚度变化率法,计算出下乌尔禾组三段剥蚀厚度。在此基础上,通过分析下乌尔禾组三段关键时期的沉积演化特征,建立了研究区扇三角洲沉积模式,确定了扇三角洲前缘储集相带展布范围,为今后的油气勘探提供了可靠的地质依据。     

新疆克拉玛依北西西向岩墙群侵位的磁组构证据

准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依地区广泛发育二叠纪中基性岩墙群,该区岩墙被认为是碰撞后伸展的典型产物.本文根据岩墙宏观野外特征和镜下显微构造分析(岩墙分支、捕虏体、矿物线理和定向斑晶)得出研究区北西西-南东东向岩墙侵位方向由北西西向南东东侵位.通过对该区岩墙边界采样后进行磁化率各向异性测量得到磁组构的最大磁化率长轴优势方位分布图和磁组构各向异性特征分析,进一步指示其岩浆以一定仰角由北西西向南东东侵位.结合克拉玛依地区岩墙群与达拉布特深大断裂的时空分布特征推测该区北西西向岩墙岩浆来源于北西侧的达拉布特断裂,岩浆沿着达拉布特深大断裂上侵到先存裂隙而形成岩墙.     

准噶尔盆地红山嘴地区三叠系克下组辫状河沉积特征

为阐明红山嘴地区三叠系克下组沉积相类型与特征,利用岩心、测井录井、粒度等资料,采用岩石学特征分析、岩心特征观察、岩相划分与垂向序列分析等多种手段和方法,对克下组沉积环境和沉积序列进行了深入研究。结果表明:研究区克下组以砾岩、粗砂岩及粉砂质泥岩为主,成熟度低,粒度范围大;识别出8种典型岩相,3类岩相组合;确定克下组为辫状河沉积,发育辫状河道、心滩、漫溢、泛滥平原4种沉积微相;最后,建立了该区克下组受洪流控制的近源间歇性强水动力辫状河沉积模式,为红山嘴地区克下组油气储层的研究提供借鉴。     

低弯度曲流河露头储层地质模型及应用实例

克拉玛依油田一中区克拉玛依组S_4~1小层组发育的低弯度曲流河储层为该区块的主要油层之一,目前由于缺乏相对应的精细地质模型,已严重影响了该区块的剩余油分布研究工作。为了解决上述问题,通过对山西省柳林地区二叠系石盒子组低弯度曲流河地质露头实地测量,应用层次分析法和构型要素分析法建立低弯度曲流河露头地质模型。使用该模型并充分利用岩心和测录井资料,对S_4~1小层组沉积时期所发育的低弯度曲流河储层内部构型表征进行了预测,取得了较好的效果。研究表明,露头地质模型不仅对低弯度曲流河沉积模式的建立、单河道的划分,以及井间砂体的对比研究具有重要指导意义,而且能够准确的厘定井下区域单河道砂体及增生体规模、隔层密度、倾角和排列方式等,可为剩余油分布富集规律预测提供理论依据。     

Three-dimensional electrical structure of the northwestern margin of the Karamay region,China, revealed by magnetotelluric data

In order to investigate the three-dimensional structures of intrusive granite and the deep structure of the Darbut fault in the northwestern margin of the Karamay region, western Junggar Basin, China, new magnetotelluric data were collected along six profiles across the Darbut fault. The magnetotelluric data were processed using a robust estimation technique to obtain the magnetotelluric impedance. Then the off-diagonal components of the impedance tensor were inverted using a three-dimensional nonlinear conjugate gradient inversion technique, which was performed using open-source three-dimensional electromagnetic inversion software. The final three-dimensional model includes two major low-resistivity anomalies and two major high-resistivity anomalies. The first low-resistivity anomaly corresponds to the location of the Darbut fault, which indicates that metallic elements are abnormally enriched there. The second one is located beneath the Darbut fault, and it is most likely a magma channel in the middle crust. The two major high-resistivity anomalies are distributed on either side of the Darbut fault. We interpret them as Karamay rocks and Akebasitao rocks and suggest that they were formed in an extensional setting. The cross sections of three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion result reveal that the Darbut fault has been reformed by the later magmatism, leading to the variation of its downward extent along its strike. Moreover, our inversion result also indicates that a magma channel exists in the middle crust of the region.     

新疆乌鲁木齐地区vS30经验估计研究

从新疆乌鲁木齐市2004—2015年得到的841个钻孔中选择深度达30 m以下且钻孔资料记录完整的有效钻孔123个,通过计算5~30 m范围内不同深度的等效剪切波速,分别利用线性拟合、二次拟合和三次拟合对各深度v_S（d）及其v_S30进行拟合。通过对比发现,三个方程的拟合误差都随深度的增加而减少,且三次拟合方程的误差始终小于同深度的线性拟合和二次拟合方程,因此推荐使用三次拟合方程来估计新疆乌鲁木齐市钻孔的v_S30值。同时将此结果和Boore的结果进行比较后发现,不同深度处的等效剪切波速v_S（d）和v_S30具有地域差异性;Boore得到的结果在钻孔深度小于20 m时明显高估v_S30值,拟合曲线偏离实际数据点较远,所以本文拟合结果更适用于新疆乌鲁木齐市。综合比较可知,三次拟合得到的研究结果可以为新疆乌鲁木齐市钻孔深度不足30 m的地区求解v_S30值提供参考。最后,利用新疆克拉玛依市2004—2015年钻孔资料检验三个拟合公式对克拉玛依市的适用性,发现深度越接近30 m,误差越小;线性模型和二次模型相对来说比较可靠,平均误差接近于0,并且对深度大于10 m的钻孔有高估现象;三次模型相对来说误差比较大,并且几乎在所有深度都有低估现象。     

干旱区新垦绿洲防护林体系的防护效益分析——以克拉玛依农业综合开发区为例

克拉玛依新垦绿洲内部光、热、水、土资源丰富,但生态环境极为恶劣,存在干旱、风沙和盐碱等生态问题,严重阻碍着农业生产的持续发展。通过建立有效的防护林体系来改善种植区生态环境,以保证农业生产的顺利进行。结合野外实地调查资料,对研究区内绿洲防护林林带特征和现有防护林的防风效能、气温、相对湿度等小气候等指标进行了测定比较,结果表明：背风面随着距林带距离的增加,其防风效能呈现递减的趋势,随着防护林的生长,其防风效果也随之提高;在背风面垂直方向上自上而下防风效能呈现递增的趋势,林带有叶期的防风效果明显优于无叶期。林带较之荒漠区具有一定程度的降温增湿作用,同时林带对于防护林内土壤温度和土壤水分的调节作用也很显著。     

克拉玛依大气降水化学组分及来源分析

利用2016年在克拉玛依酸雨观测站采集的降水样品,分析了降水中主要阴阳离子(F^-、Cl^-、NO^-3、SO^2-4、Na^+、NH^+4、K^+、Mg^2+、Ca^2+)、重金属元素(Al、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Hg)、总碳总氮浓度特征及可能的来源。结果表明:该区降水pH值在5.1~6.88之间,雨量加权平均值为6.25,其中pH>5.6的样品占94%。降水中各离子雨量加权浓度的大小顺序为Ca^2+>NH^+4>SO^2-4>NO^-3>Cl^->Mg^2+>Na^+>K^+>F^-,表现出了内陆性大气降水的特征,其中Ca^2+是最主要的阳离子,年均值为182.09μeq·L^-1,SO^2-4是最主要的阴离子,年均值为87.28μeq·L^-1,表明硫酸盐是该地区降水中的主要致酸物质。降水中总离子浓度秋季最高,春夏次之,冬季最低,其中SO^2-4、NO^-3、NH^+4、Ca^2+、Na^+浓度变化明显。相对酸度(FA)和中和因子(NF)计算结果表明99.5%的降水酸度被碱性成分中和,其中Ca^2+的中和能力最强,其次是NH^+4。降水中重金属元素Zn的均值最大,其次是Fe,最小的是Pb,与国内外城市比较,克拉玛依大气降水中大部分重金属含量都不高,其降水中有毒重金属污染较轻。可溶性总碳(DTC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和可溶性无机碳(DIC)浓度变化范围大,分别为1.62~9.97 mg·L^-1、1.62~7.19 mg·L^-1和0~3.75 mg·L^-1,平均浓度分别为4.37 mg·L^-1、3.60 mg·L^-1和0.78 mg·L^-1,可溶性总氮(DTN)的浓度变化范围为0.64~8.01mg·L^-1,年均含量为2.69 mg·L^-1,都与降水量呈负相关关系,而DOC和DTN的湿沉降通量与降水量呈明显的正相关关系。基于相关性分析表明,SO^2-4和NO^-3主要来自燃煤和化石燃料燃烧,Na^+、Mg^2+和Ca^2+主要来自风沙、扬尘,大气中铵类化合物主要以铵的硝酸盐形式存在。各重金属元素之间相关性差异较大,重金属主要污染源为金属冶炼、燃煤及人为活动。克拉玛依大气降水的化学组成特征主要受人为活动、化工生产、燃煤以及沙尘活动等影响。