中亚成矿域地质矿产研究的若干重要问题

我国新疆地处中亚成矿域的核心地区,具有得天独厚的地理和资源优势。在执行国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重点项目08课题并取得初步成果的同时,我们意识到中亚成矿域目前还存在如下关键科学问题：中亚成矿域的形成和演化在全球地质构造体系中的地位和作用;环巴尔喀什-西准噶尔成矿省的地质背景：是岛弧环境还是后碰撞环境形成了斑岩型矿床以及相关浅成低温热液型矿床？成吉斯-塔尔巴哈台山的地质演化及其对金属成矿作用的制约机制;天山和阿尔泰地区广泛发育的韧性剪切带对金成矿作用控制时限与区域构造演化的耦合问题：中地壳的韧性剪切带如何会聚成矿流体？晚古生代晚期火山岩和次火山岩中铜金多金属矿集区的形成和演化;印支期地质过程的成矿意义和地球动力学背景;中生代陆相盆地演化与能源资源形成的动力学过程。对这些科学问题的探讨必然带动中亚成矿域地质研究的深入,并取得矿产资源勘查的突破。     

哀牢山山顶苔藓矮林林冠腐殖土的养分含量和微生物生物量特征

山顶苔藓矮林是中国西南地区热带、亚热带高山顶部一类重要而特殊的湿性常绿阔叶林,附生植物非常发达,其中以分解、半分解枯死残留物为主的林冠腐殖土是山地森林生态系统一个重要的养分库。以云南哀牢山山顶苔藓矮林为对象,对其林冠腐殖土及林下0～10 cm,10～20 cm和20～40 cm地表不同深度土壤的营养元素含量、微生物生物量及呼吸速率等进行了分析和测定。结果表明,该山顶苔藓矮林中林冠腐殖土中有机C、全N、全Ca、全P和全Na的含量,水解N、NH4+-N与NO3—N以及速效K、速效P的含量明显地高于林下地表各层土壤;在土壤微生物生物量C、N和呼吸速率方面,雨季大于旱季,林冠腐殖土明显高于林下地表冠层土壤,而且随着林地土层深度的增加,其养分含量和生化活性出现出显著下降的趋势。林冠腐殖土较高的养分含量和生化活性在林冠繁茂的附生植物生长发育和维持林冠附生植物多样性格局方面具有重要的生态功能。     

崤山地区太古代变质花岗岩地质地球化学特征

崤山地区原“太华群”由１５％的变质表壳岩和８５％的变质花岗岩组成。变质花岗岩的主要岩石类型有：石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩。通过对变质花岗岩的地质、地球化学研究表明，崤山地区太古代变质花岗岩与国内外其他地区的ＴＴＧ岩系类似。根据野外接触关系和一组锆石Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ蒸发年龄（２４５１Ｍａ），确定其成岩时代为太古代。     

北秦岭早古生代宽坪岩体两期花岗质岩浆锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

宽坪岩体位于北秦岭造山带东部,岩体主要由片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩和似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩组成。锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb定年结果表明宽坪岩体可划分为两期:早期为片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩,其锆石U-Pb年龄为448.3±4.5 Ma,该期花岗岩富硅、富碱,属准铝质和高钾钙碱性系列,形成压力较低;晚期为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,其锆石U-Pb年龄为421.4±2.5 Ma,该期花岗岩属强过铝质和高钾钙碱性—钙碱性系列。系统的地球化学研究表明,早期的片麻状二长花岗起源于中上地壳(贫斜长石的源区)在H2O饱和条件下发生部分熔融形成的贫Al2O3、富Si O2花岗质岩浆;晚期的似斑状二长花岗岩代表较高温的中—下地壳(杂砂岩或是花岗质片麻岩)发生部分脱水熔融形成的岩浆,这表明北秦岭地区从450~420 Ma经历了从早期的同碰撞阶段到后期的后碰撞阶段。     

Alkaline orogenic plutonism in the Karakorum batholith: the Upper Cretaceous Koz Sar complex (Karambar valley,N. Pakistan)

Abstract

The Karakorum is located north of the India/Kohistan-Ladakh/Eurasia sutures. Along the Karambar valley, its axial batholith comprises four plutonic complexes. (1) The largest one represents the westerly continuation of the huge mid-Cretaceous calc-alkaline Hunza plutonic unit. This unit here displays a remarkable reverse zoning that would result from a differentiation at depth followed by multipulse intrusions. (2) A stock of subalkaline (i.e. intermediate between alkaline and calc-alkaline) granitoids (Warghut porphyritic granite). (3) A composite group of fine-grained granitoids. (4) The so-called Koz Sar alkaline complex (KSAC), a unique example of this composition of plutonism so far reported in the batholith. In addition, leucogranite dykes and rare alkaline mafic ones occur.

The KSAC is a heterogeneous and more or less deformed body, ca. 5 km wide and possibly 20 km long, comprising two coeval groups of rocks. (1) Medium- to coarse-grained rocks are the most representative members of the complex. They consist of metaluminous to slightly peralkaline monzonite, quartz monzonite, granite and leucogranite, with iron-rich mafic silicates and Fe-Ti oxide. These subsolvus granitoids define a strongly ferriferous alkaline series. Five monzonite and quartz monzonite samples yield an isochron Rb-Sr age of 88 ± 4 Ma (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.70440 ± 7; MSWD = 1.7). (2) Fine-grained rocks (monzogabbro to quartz syenite) are compositionally comparable to the dark-coloured members of the preceding group.

The KSAC was emplaced into a post-collisional environment resulting from the accretion, maybe at least since Aptian times, of the Kohistan island arc to the Karakorum. Its alkaline character testifies to the development of extensional tectonics, a process compatible with an oblique collision and/or with the decrease, at the time of collision, of the convergence velocity between the two colliding terrenes. Available data suggest that this alkaline complex (1) is late-orogenic, (2) is genetically-related to the nearby subalkaline granitoids and originates from the same mantle-source with a small crustal contribution, and (3) represents the ultimate member of the mid-Cretaceous subduction-related plutonism emplaced into the Karakorum continental margin.     

云南高黎贡山典型斜长角闪岩地震波速、各向异性及其晶格优选定向的研究

斜长角闪岩和角闪岩相变质岩石是大陆中—下地、岛弧深部地壳以及俯冲大洋地壳中最重要的组成岩石之一,查明目前地壳中斜长角闪岩的体积含量、空间分布及其应变状态对于深入研究大陆地壳的形成与演化过程极其重要.笔者等实验测量了云南高黎贡韧性剪切带典型变形斜长角闪岩7个关键性方向上的地震(P和S波)波速随静水围压(0～600 MPa)的变化规律,并利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术测定了主要造岩矿物角闪石、斜长石和石英的品格优选方位,查清斜长角闪岩中地震波速各向异性与剪切波分裂的成因,确定斜长角闪岩中有限应变椭球与波速椭球的对应关系,为今后利用原地地震波速的各向异性调查地壳深部区域构造应变场提供必要的实验和理论基础.     

FROM BACK-ARC BASIN TO BACK-ARC FORELAND BASIN—THE SEDIMENTARY BASIN AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE LATE CALEDONIAN—EARLY HERCYNIAN STAGES IN CORRIDOR AND NORTH QILIAN MTS

FROM BACK-ARC BASIN TO BACK-ARC FORELAND BASIN—THE SEDIMENTARY BASIN AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE LATE CALEDONIAN—EARLY HERCYNIAN STAGES IN CORRIDOR AND NORTH QILIAN MTSthenationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.4 9972 0 78)     

昆仑山南部西大滩盆北花岗岩的年龄与热历史

对南昆仑缝合带中段西大滩盆北花岗岩,应用不同的年代学方法,测定岩浆结晶时代和构造热事件年龄,分析构造地貌演化过程。应用离子探针方法,测出西大滩盆北花岗岩的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为196.4- 212.1 Ma,平均年龄204.1±2.6 Ma,代表岩浆侵位结晶时代。西大滩盆北花岗岩的黑云母K-Ar和Ar-Ar同位素年龄为134.47-145.3 Ma,指示晚期韧性剪切变形时代。应用矿物对热年代学方法,揭示出204.1-134.47 Ma、57. 67-26.0 Ma、26 Ma以来3期构造热事件,降温速率分别为6.46℃/Ma、4.91℃/Ma、3.84℃/Ma,对应的隆升速率分别为0.21 mm/a、0.16 mm/a、0.13 mm/a;说明134.47-57.67 Ma为缓慢降温和剥蚀夷平时期,对应的降温速率为0.64℃/Ma、差异隆升速率为0.02 mm/a。结合磷灰石裂变径迹测年和风火山群、五道梁群挤压缩短时代、区域伸展走滑起始年龄资料,推断昆仑山南部新生代山脉快速隆升发生于渐新世-中新世早期,估算隆升速率达0.26 mm/a。     

五台山高山带景观的遥感分析

基于TM数据和GIS技术，通过气候参数插值，地形三维分析、气候参数和景观图与DEM的叠加、景观参数计算，从不同空间尺度分析了五台山高山带的景观特征，研究认为：将气候参数插值图和景观组分图叠加在DEM上，能更好地反映山地景观的格局及其形成机制；五台山是华北地区半湿润-半干旱背景上一个寒冷、湿润的中心；海拔2890m以上存在气候上的林线，应划入高山带；五台山高山带景观主要是高山蒿草草甸，是华北地区独特的景观类型。     

Dating of the Karakorum Strike-slip Fault

This paper mainly discusses the timing of the Karakorum strike-slip fault, and gives a brief introduction of its structures, offset, and deformational style. This fault strikes NNW-SSE. Asymmetrical folds, stretching lineation, S-C fabrics, feldspar and quartz σ-porphyroclasts, domino structure, shear cleavages and faults in the fault zone are products of tectonic movements. They all indicate a dextral slip sense of faulting. Mylonitic bands are widely developed along this fault. Phengite appears, indicating rather high deformational pressure. Geochronological data indicate that the Karakorum strike-slip faulting occurred from 6.88±0.36 to 8.75±0.25 Ma. The cumulative displacement from Muztag Ata to Muji is about 135 km.