Phytolith assemblages as a promising tool for reconstructing Mediterranean Holocene vegetation

The reliability of phytolith assemblage analysis for characterizing Mediterranean vegetation is investigated in this study. Phytolith assemblages are extracted from modern and buried Holocene soils from the middle Rhône valley (France). The relation between modern phytolith assemblages and the surrounding vegetation, as well as between fossil assemblages and contemporaneous vegetation, already reconstructed through other proxies, is discussed. We demonstrate that the main northwestern Mediterranean biomes are well distinguished by soil phytolith assemblage analysis. In particular, the density of pine and nonconiferous trees (densities expressed relatively to the grass cover) and the overall degree of opening of the vegetation appear well recorded by three phytolith indexes. North Mediterranean vegetation changes during the Holocene period, mainly tree line shifts, pine wood development and deforestation are poorly documented, due to the scarcity of proxy-preserving sites. Phytolith assemblage analysis of soils, buried soils, and sediments appears to be a promising technique to fill this gap.     

滇西某铅锌矿整装勘查区地气、X荧光测量找矿应用

通过多剖面动态地气测量方法,在滇西某铅锌矿整装勘查区寻找新的有利找矿靶位.以勘查区已知铅锌矿上的地气异常组合特征及稀土配分模式为对比,结合前人开展的大功率激发极化测量资料,对新捕获的地气异常进行综合分析研究,最后在勘查区西侧确认有规模的新找矿靶位一处.     

信阳市燃气混气站断裂活动性和场地稳定性系统研究

运用多学科、多手段相结合的方法，从区域构造稳定性、构造岩研究、构造裂隙统计分析、红外相位法位移监测，高密度电阻率法、钻探验证、年代学研究、新构造运动分析、遥感图像解译、地震安全性评价、数值模拟、工程地质条件分析等方面入手，对信阳市燃气混气站的断裂活动性和场地稳定性进行了全面而系统的论证；指出场区断裂规模小，第四纪无大规模差异升降运动，无活动断裂通过，邻区地震活动小且弱，区域构造稳定性高，应力平缓，工程地质条件良好，是一个稳定的“岛区”，井指出系统而全面的综合研究方法是研究工程稳定性项目行之有效的手段。     

冻融过程对景电灌区草窝滩盆地土壤水盐动态的影响

景电灌区为干寒气候,蒸发强烈,季节冻土发育,土壤地下水位以上非饱和带毛细作用发育,在地表蒸发作用下,通过毛细作用,地下水不断地向地表运动,导致大量盐分到达地表.虽然蒸发作用下的毛细水运动在土壤水分垂直运动中占绝对优势,但自上而下的季节冻结和融化过程对土壤中水盐重分布的影响也起着重要的作用.基于冻融作用对水盐迁移驱动力和土壤结构等参数的影响,分析了冻融作用下水盐重分布的综合特征.     

内蒙额济纳旗霍布哈尔地区构造片岩带的发现及其构造意义

野外调查发现在靠近中蒙边界的额济纳旗霍布哈尔地区存在带状构造片岩,片理倾向南东,拉伸线理沿北东向,片岩内存在指示左行剪切的旋转碎斑系、不对称压力影等显微剪切组构。显微构造尺度上,片理结构由片理域与微片石组成,形成极易开裂的潜在破裂面。区内构造片岩是北东向韧性剪切带的组成部分,成因与韧性的剪切运动有关,经样品UY-1的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年法测定,得到糜棱岩化的流纹斑岩年龄为286.3Ma±2.0Ma,后期侵入的闪长岩年龄为284.2Ma±2.4Ma,约束了构造片岩的形成时代为286.3Ma^284.2Ma(早二叠世)。结合区域地质资料,认为构造片岩带的形成与早二叠世阿尔金-东蒙古断裂的左行走滑剪切活动有关。     

Integration of ASTER and landsat TM remote sensing data for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in Neyriz ophiolite zone,south Iran

Chromite deposits in Iran are located in the ophiolite complexes, which have mostly podiform types and irregular in their settings. Exploration for podiform chromite deposits associated with ophiolite complexes has been a challenge for the prospectors due to tectonic disturbance and their distribution patterns. Most of Iranian ophiolitic zones are located in mountainous and inaccessible regions. Remote sensing approach could be applicable tool for choromite prospecting in Iranian ophiolitic zones with intensely rugged topography, where systematic sampling and conventional geological mapping are limited. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data were used for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in the Neyriz ophiolitic zone in the south of Iran. Image transformation techniques, namely decorrelation stretch, band ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to Landsat TM and ASTER data sets for lithological mapping at regional scale. The RGB decorrelated image of Landsat TM spectral bands 7, 5, and 4, and the principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 image of ASTER SWIR spectral bands efficiently showed the occurrence of major lithological units in the study area at regional scale. The band ratios of 5/3, 5/1, 7/5 applied on ASTER VNIR‐SWIR bands were very useful for discriminating most of rock units in the study area and delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique was implemented to ASTER VNIR‐SWIR spectral bands for detecting minerals of rock units and especially delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite as potential zones with high chromite mineralization in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. The integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms used in this study mapped most of lithological units of the Neyriz ophiolitic complex and identified potential areas of high chromite mineralization (transition zone and mantle harzburgite) for chromite prospecting targets in the future. Furthermore, image processing results were verified by comprehensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis in the study area. Accordingly, result of this investigation indicate that the integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms using Landsat TM and ASTER data sets could be broadly applicable tool for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in mountainous and inaccessible regions such Iranian ophiolitic zones.     

西藏措勤地区石炭纪—早二叠世古地理演化

措勤地区在泥盆纪浅海碳酸盐台地的背景基础上,在石炭纪—早二叠世发育了一套陆源碎屑为主的海相沉积,古地理呈北部以陆棚海为主、南部发育斜坡-深海相的特征。早石炭世永珠组陆棚浅海限于北部的甲龙到阿布勒一带,其南侧至格嘎一措勤一线发育较宽的斜坡相沉积,晚石炭世时发生海侵,并随着冰期气候的盛行在边缘斜坡海环境内沉积了多套冰海砾岩,随着冰期气候的结束和海退,早二叠世昂杰组陆棚海沉积范围向南扩展到格嘎-达雄南部,陆棚海地边缘发育了生物礁或生物滩。古地理演化反映了研究区在早石炭世受南北向拉张的构造背景下形成了不同于泥盆纪碳酸盐台地的陆棚海—斜坡—深海盆地的古地理格局,晚石炭世拉张达到鼎盛,其后的早二叠世主要发育了稳定陆棚海沉积。     

新疆东昆仑古尔嘎哈拉曲哈研究区金、钨矿找矿方向和靶区圈定

叙述了新疆东昆仑古尔嘎哈拉曲哈研究区金、钨矿区域成矿带典型矿床特征和找矿标志成矿带,总结了研究区地质矿产特征、成矿地质条件、化探异常组合特征和典型矿化点特征,研究了已知矿点成矿因素、成因类型。指出了找矿方向,在含有金属硫化物等矿化,同时具有较强的硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、绢云母化等蚀变构造带、断裂带内找金、钨等矿体。优选圈定了金、钨找矿靶区。     

西藏定结地区高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的地球化学特征与岩浆源区研究

西藏定结地区高喜马拉雅隆起带中淡色花岗岩体紧靠藏南拆离断层内呈等轴状小岩株产出。淡色花岗岩地球化学特征为过铝质,高Si和K,低Ca、Fe和Mg,岩石富轻稀土元素及Rb、Ba和Th,贫Hf、Zr、Y和Yb,呈现S型花岗岩特征。基底副交质岩中广泛发育淡色花岗岩脉体,在副交质岩中的淡色花岗岩脉体内发现紫苏辉石暗色麻粒岩残留体,通过对淡色花岗岩与基底副交质岩的地球化学特征的对比,发现它们具有相似的稀土元素配分曲线,均富K、Rb、Ba和Th,贫Hf、Zr、Y和Yb。认为基底副交质岩为高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩源岩,其在快速隆升降压的条件下发生缺水熔融生成淡色花岗岩浆面残余麻粒岩残留体。     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区构造岩浆作用与成矿关系初步探讨

以钾、钠含量变化为主要指标获取祁漫塔格地区各个地史时期花岗岩类的成因类型.结果表明,区内构造岩浆作用在时间上具有明显的阶段性,加里东中晚期是本区第一次侵入岩浆作用的高峰期,印支中晚期为本区花岗岩浆作用的鼎盛时期,加里东中晚期和印支中晚期也是区内两次区域成矿作用的大爆发期.岩体分布具有明显的方向性.主要由北东向和北西向两...