赞皇杂岩官都岩群时代与物源——来自黑云变粒岩与石英岩碎屑锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素与稀土元素组成的约束

官都岩群是华北克拉通中部造山带赞皇杂岩中重要的变质火山-沉积岩系,经历了高绿片岩相-高角闪岩相变质,准确限定其沉积时代与物质来源对探究中部造山带新太古代-古元古代构造演化过程具有重要意义。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS(多接收激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪)与TIMA(矿物自动分析系统)对官都岩群中黑云变粒岩与石英岩进行了锆石矿物包体、U-Pb-Hf同位素与稀土元素原位分析。根据碎屑锆石内部矿物包体组成、阴极发光图像特征与U-Pb年龄结果,认为黑云变粒岩与石英岩中碎屑锆石中最年轻一组的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb谐和年龄分别为2 544 Ma或2 536 Ma,大致限定了其原岩的最老沉积时代,结合区内黄岔花岗岩岩体侵入官都岩群的野外地质关系,推测官都岩群沉积时代为新太古代末期,并非古元古代。官都岩群黑云变粒岩与石英岩碎屑锆石年龄图谱十分相似,最主要的峰值年龄为2 512 Ma,结合碎屑锆石内部矿物包体与结构特征,认为官都岩群主要物源为新太古代晚期中酸性岩浆岩。两阶段锆石Hf模式年龄揭示2 850～2 700 Ma为赞皇杂岩最强烈的地壳生长阶段。综合本文...     

西藏尼玛一带上白垩统竞柱山组的厘定及其意义

西藏尼玛县城西-色林错一带发育一套山间河湖相的红色碎屑岩系，属红色磨拉石建造。该红色碎屑岩系底部不整合于下白垩统及其以下层位之上。其时代归属尚不统一，有划归为上三叠统巫嘎群，有划归为古近系始新统牛堡组。2000～2002年作者在尼玛县城西、双湖区南措折乡宋我日分别测制了剖面，2002年又在尼玛县城西剖面补采样品，获得丰富的孢粉化石。根据所含孢粉组合特征及时代，将其划归上白垩统竟柱山组。     

阿尔泰哈巴河群的沉积时代及其构造背景

北疆阿尔泰造山带的哈巴河群变质碎屑岩分布广泛,其沉积时代和构造环境对于认识中亚造山带的演化历史有重要意义。早期研究认为哈巴河群沉积于震旦纪—中奥陶世时期,形成于被动大陆边缘构造环境。而最近有学者根据中亚造山带的地质演化背景提出,阿尔泰形成于活动陆缘构造环境。对哈巴河群中碎屑锆石的年代学研究表明,不同岩性或变质程度不同的样品碎屑锆石主要类群具有相似的年龄分布特征,其~(206)Pb/~(238)U 年龄主要介于463～542Ma 之间。在这些样品中, 最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄均集中于470Ma 左右,代表了碎屑沉积的时代下限。而哈巴河群混合岩样品中碎屑锆石增生边形成于中泥盆世晚期(384±6Ma),与侵入该群的早古生代花岗岩的年龄十分接近,大致反映了哈巴河群碎屑岩沉积时代的上限,因此哈巴河群的沉积时代应在早泥盆世—中奥陶世之间。锆石的形态和内部结构特征显示哈巴河群的年轻碎屑锆石类群(463～542Ma)主要为岩浆锆石,其磨圆度较差,而且在比例上远高于前寒武纪碎屑锆石。上述特点与活动大陆边缘碎屑锆石类群分布特征完全一致,反映阿尔泰在中奥陶世至早泥盆世可能处于活动大陆边缘构造环境。     

苏北-胶南地体构造初探——江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面研究报道之二

胶南群中发育大量的超基性岩、榴辉岩和强烈变形的糜棱岩,它们在空间上呈带状分布。超基性岩-榴辉岩带和糜棱岩带多赋存于胶南群洙边组之中,具有明显的层控特点。因此,它们可能是同一套变形地层单位被褶皱的产物,并且可能代表了一条形成于中深地壳、现已褶皱并出露地表的大型滑脱带。 海州群变质较浅,发育许多中高压矿物,并有蓝片岩产出。因此,它可能是一条高压变质带     

The Hubble flow around the Local Group

We use updated data on distances and velocities of galaxies in the proximity of the Local Group (LG) in order to establish properties of the local Hubble flow. For 30 neighbouring galaxies with distances  0.7 < D _LG < 3.0  Mpc, the local flow is characterized by the Hubble parameter   H _loc= (78 ± 2) km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹  , the mean-square peculiar velocity  σ_v= 25 km s⁻¹  , corrected for errors of radial velocity measurements  (∼4 km s⁻¹)  and distance measurements  (∼10 km s⁻¹)  , as well as the radius of the zero-velocity surface   R ₀= (0.96 ± 0.03)  Mpc. The minimum value for σ_v is achieved when the barycentre of the LG is located at the distance   D_c = (0.55 ± 0.05) D _M31  towards Andromeda galaxy (M31) corresponding to the Milky Way (MW)-to-M31 mass ratio   M _MW/ M _M31≃ 4/5  . In the reference frame of the 30 galaxies at 0.7–3.0 Mpc, the LG barycentre has a small peculiar velocity  ∼(24 ± 4) km s⁻¹  towards the Sculptor constellation. The derived value of R ₀ corresponds to the total mass   M _T(LG) = (1.9 ± 0.2) 10¹² M_⊙  with  Ω_m= 0.24  and a topologically flat universe, a value in good agreement with the sum of virial mass estimates for the MW and M31.     

Whale watching, the Buenos Aires Group and the politics of the International Whaling Commission

Whale watching is now reputed to be a $2 billion a year industry. This industry has the potential to impact the politics of whaling, specifically the moratorium on all commercial whaling in three ways: by creating political and economic counterweights to whalers, by countering claims about who may legitimately manage whales and to what end and by transforming views about whales and whaling both within whaling states and beyond. This article examines whale watching in Latin America and the Caribbean and the alliance of Latin American and Caribbean members of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) known as the Buenos Aires Group (BAG). The BAG group has emerged as coherent group opposing the ending of the moratorium and championing the views of whale watchers. The article finds that whale watching creates a politically important interest group in an area lacking whaling operations; it argues that these regional opponents of whaling provide a counter weight to charges that opposition to whaling is exclusively the providence of rich, urban citizens of developed countries and draw upon politically powerful frames in justifying their opposition to the lifting of the moratorium. Finally, it finds limited evidence that whale-watching is associated with a rise in general concern for marine mammals in the region. There remains the question, however, of what the future of whale watching in the region will be over the longer term.     

三山四群关系雏议

五台山及与之毗连的太行山、恒山,发育着四套早前寒武纪变质岩系.浅变质的滹沱群以巨厚的底砾岩不整合在五台群之上.高角闪岩相的恒山杂岩是五台群深变质及部分熔融的产物,以火山岩为主体的中浅变质的五台群向东推覆在浅海碳酸盐建造的经受高角闪岩相变质的阜平群之上,两者属同时异相的沉积.它们之间的推覆韧性剪切带被过去认为是五台群底部碎屑岩(实系滹沱群下部地层)所沉积不整合。 恒山杂岩和阜平群中大面积分布着五台期侵入的灰色片麻岩.有证据表明五台群、阜平群及恒山杂岩都是在2800Ma结晶基底上发育起来,同时在2500Ma遭受褶皱,变质并被灰色片麻岩所侵入。     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区震旦系库鲁克塔格群化学地层初步研究

通过对库鲁克塔格群常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素的分布,元素组合及元素对的研究,发现该群有3个金异常层位,并初步建立了该群的化学地层研究模式。这一模式亦适于其它时代的地层研究。     

麻山群孔兹岩系主期区域变质作用及演化

麻山群孔兹岩系主期变质作用在区域上可以划分出角闪岩相和麻粒岩相两个变质带。麻粒岩相带内的岩石先后经历了由低角闪岩相—高角闪岩相—麻粒岩相的递增变质阶段。对稳定矿物共生组合及特征变质反应进行了详细研究并确定了变质作用的P-T-t轨迹。根据麻山群变质作用P-T条件在大规模范围内的一致性,认为其发生于晚太古未—早元古初期的区域造山环境。