南麂列岛潮间带的微小型底栖藻类

本文首次记录南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区潮间带的微小型底牺藻类。经初步鉴定南麂列岛潮间带共有微小型底栖藻类４门５４属１５５种，以硅藻类占优势（４１属１２５种）。其优势种在岩礁为附生性的海生斑条藻，沙滩为附生性的小形舟形藻和翼茧形藻，泥滩为底栖性的圆筛藻和斜纹藻。不同生境其种类组成差异显著，在各生境均出现的共有种仅６种。微小型底栖藻类年平均丰度：岩礁为７０９４．６１个／ｇ，沙滩为４６８２１．６３个／ｇ，泥滩为４５６．５个／ｇ，岩礁和沙滩以春季最高；泥滩以夏季最高；秋、冬季各生境的丰度均较低。     

A Note on Tsunami Bore Front

A note is presented on tsunami bore front. This tsunami bore front is an old dynamical problem but also a new problem to be understood. The tsunami event on 2004 December 26 has raised this is an urgent problem. The author introduces here a model in order to see a hydrodynamical specific property of the tsunami bore front. This modeling gives us a new understanding about what mechanics is for the interested tsunami bore front, especially, around a coastal zone. This work adds a new understanding about mechanics of water motions as the tsunamis generated by the earthquake undersea at a distant area from the coast. The model in this work points out a specific transitional pattern as a function of time and space of tsunami bore front. This modeling gives what is essential at considering tsunami bore front.     

基准网平差初至波定位方法及应用

在滩浅海地震勘探中,由于海水深度和潮流的变化,在水面上按照预定位置沉放的检波器,在海底不可能放置在预定的位置。为此,利用基准网平差初至波定位方法对海底检波器位置进行了准确的二次定位,并对初至波二次定位和声波二次定位进行了比较分析。基准网平差初至波定位方法在KD-1滩浅海地区高精度地震勘探应用中取得了良好的效果。     

基于潜标观测的黑潮-亲潮混合区近惯性能量季节变化特征研究

近惯性内波广泛存在于全球海洋,是维持深层海洋跨等密度面湍流混合及海洋层结的重要能量来源。基于黑潮-亲潮混合区的多年深海潜标数据,分析了:(1)该海域近惯性内波及其能量的季节变化特征与影响因素,(2)上层和深层近惯性运动的频率、波数谱及垂向分布等特征。结果表明,该海域存在丰富的近惯性动能,无论海洋上层还是深层均呈现显著的冬季强、夏季弱的季节变化特征,冬季(12～2月)上层的近惯性能量可占全年能量的41%,深层近惯性信号同样显著,同潮汐信号相当。平板模型分析表明,该区域近惯性动能的季节循环特征主要受风场的季节变化所主导,同时受到黑潮延伸体流轴的摆动调制。     

Atmospherically-promoted photosynthetic activity in a well-mixed ecosystem: Significance of wet deposition events of nitrogen compounds

Wet atmospheric deposition of dissolved N, P and Si species is studied in well-mixed coastal ecosystem to evaluate its potential to stimulate photosynthetic activities in nutrient-depleted conditions. Our results show that, during spring, seawater is greatly depleted in major nutrients: Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) and Silicic acid (Si), in parallel with an increase of phytoplanktonic biomass. In spring (March–May) and summer (June–September), wet atmospheric deposition is the predominant source (>60%, relative to riverine contribution) for nitrates and ammonium inputs to this N-limited coastal ecosystem. During winter (October–February), riverine inputs of DIN predominate (>80%) and are annually the most important source of DIP (>90%). This situation allows us to calculate the possibility for a significant contribution to primary production in May 2003, from atmospheric deposition (total input for DIN ≈300 kg km⁻² month⁻¹). Based on usual Redfield ratios and assuming that all of the atmospheric-derived N (AD-N) in rainwater is bioavailable for phytoplankton growth, we can estimate new production due to AD-N of 950 mg C m⁻² month⁻¹, during this period of depletion in the water column. During the same episode (May 2003), photosynthetic activity rate, considered as gross primary production, was estimated to approximately 30 300 mg C m⁻² month⁻¹. Calculation indicates that new photosynthetic activity due to wet atmospheric inputs of nitrogen could be up to 3%.     

Sub-seismic scale fracture pattern and in situ permeability data in the chalk atop of the Krempe salt ridge at Lägerdorf, NW Germany: Inferences on synfolding stress field evolution and its impact on fracture connectivity

Chalk is exposed in the Heidestrasse quarry at Lägerdorf, at the top of the NE-SW trending Krempe salt ridge. Structural data indicate the presence of two joint sets, striking almost parallel and perpendicular to the salt ridge, respectively, and of a set of conjugate extensional faults and fault zones striking NW-SE, i.e. almost perpendicular to the salt ridge. Within the overall NW-SE trend of joints and faults, strike variations occur from the massive chalk exposed in the lower half of the quarry, to the overlying layered chalk. A large variability characterizes the normalized spacing of both joint sets, which does not show any clear trend with layer dip. In situ measurements indicate that the cross-sectional permeability of tight joints increases 1-2 orders of magnitude with respect to the undeformed chalk. We propose that joint and fault azimuthal variability resulted from changes through time of the stress ellipsoid at the top of the salt ridge, while joint spacing variability is associated with the weak mechanical influence of bedding in chalk. Azimuthal variability improves fracture connectivity and, hence, permeability and fluid flow.     

东昆仑夏日哈木镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体岩石成因与拉张型岛弧背景

赋存超大型镍矿床的夏日哈木Ⅰ号岩体位于东昆仑造山带西段之东昆中早古生代岛弧带。锆石U-Pb年龄为439Ma,由分属橄榄岩相、辉石岩相、辉长-苏长岩相的多种岩石类型组成。堆晶结构与堆晶层理发育,属岩床状层状岩体。不平衡结晶作用在岩浆演化过程中居于主导地位。矿物结晶顺序为尖晶石/橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→单斜辉石+斜长石→褐色普通角闪石。各种岩石均富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P,显示了岛弧环境岩浆岩的地球化学特征。Nd、Sr同位素组成均属富集型地幔范畴和EMⅡ型趋势。矿区内的Ⅲ号与Ⅳ号岩体属蛇绿岩套,证明在昆中岛弧带内部存在岩石圈破裂带。区域构造格局与演化历史以及区域地球物理场的研究表明,东昆中岛弧带属拉张型岛弧带。据此,可以认定拉张型岛弧环境是全球范围内第五种有利于形成镍矿床的构造环境,中古生代是我国第三个镍矿主成矿期。     

Near-vertical seismic reflection image using a novel acquisition technique across the Vrancea Zone and Foscani Basin, south-eastern Carpathians (Romania)

The DACIA PLAN (Danube and Carpathian Integrated Action on Process in the Lithosphere and Neotectonics) deep seismic sounding survey was performed in August–September 2001 in south-eastern Romania, at the same time as the regional deep refraction seismic survey VRANCEA 2001. The main goal of the experiment was to obtain new information on the deep structure of the external Carpathians nappes and the architecture of Tertiary/Quaternary basins developed within and adjacent to the seismically-active Vrancea zone, including the Focsani Basin. The seismic reflection line had a WNW–ESE orientation, running from internal East Carpathians units, across the mountainous south-eastern Carpathians, and the foreland Focsani Basin towards the Danube Delta. There were 131 shot points along the profile, with about 1 km spacing, and data were recorded with stand-alone RefTek-125s (also known as “Texans”), supplied by the University Texas at El Paso and the PASSCAL Institute. The entire line was recorded in three deployments, using about 340 receivers in the first deployment and 640 receivers in each of the other two deployments. The resulting deep seismic reflection stacks, processed to 20 s along the entire profile and to 10 s in the eastern Focsani Basin, are presented here. The regional architecture of the latter, interpreted in the context of abundant independent constraint from exploration seismic and subsurface data, is well imaged. Image quality within and beneath the thrust belt is of much poorer quality. Nevertheless, there is good evidence to suggest that a thick (10 km) sedimentary basin having the structure of a graben and of indeterminate age underlies the westernmost part of the Focsani Basin, in the depth range 10–25 km. Most of the crustal depth seismicity observed in the Vrancea zone (as opposed to the more intense upper mantle seismicity) appears to be associated with this sedimentary basin. The sedimentary successions within this basin and other horizons visible further to the west, beneath the Carpathian nappes, suggest that the geometry of the Neogene and recent uplift observed in the Vrancea zone, likely coupled with contemporaneous rapid subsidence in the foreland, is detached from deeper levels of the crust at about 10 km depth. The Moho lies at a depth of about 40 km along the profile, its poor expression in the reflection stack being strengthened by independent estimates from the refraction data. Given the apparent thickness of the (meta)sedimentary supracrustal units, the crystalline crust beneath this area is quite thin (< 20 km) supporting the hypothesis that there may have been delamination of (lower) continental crust in this area involved in the evolution of the seismic Vrancea zone.     

乐德矿带成矿系列与成矿规律

乐华—德兴矿带是指江西省内呈NE走向的有色金属和贵金属成矿带,带内有丰富的Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等矿产资源,其中铜储量约占我国总储量的17.5％。 矿带位于扬子地台南缘关帽山地背斜内,广泛发育中元古代双桥山下亚群和轴向呈EW向或NE向的线状基底褶皱。矿带两侧为断层或地块。矿带内有许多韧性剪切带和燕山期中酸性火成岩,呈NE向分布。 矿带有5个矿田,15个矿床,划分为两个成矿系。是根据其成矿控制因素,矿床物质组分,REE含量,S、Pb、O等稳定同位素,以及黄铁矿中的Co、Ni含量和Co/Ni比值。两个成矿系为:(1)Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag(Au);(2)Au。矿系(1)呈简单的水平分带,矿化与燕山期中酸性岩浆活动有关,而矿系(2)的矿化则与韧性剪切带和晚期断层作用直接有关。     

对江南-雪峰带构造属性的讨论

讨论了江南-雪峰山“隆起带”的性质问题,它既不是造山带的“厚皮构造”,也不属于沉积盖层褶皱的“薄皮构造”,而是“过渡型的基底拆离式”的构造。其发生机制是印支—早燕山运动期间由SE向NW(同时派生由S向N、由E向W)的基底拆离和推覆,成为控制整个扬子板块海相中古生界盆地改造变形的动力来源和主导因素,也控制了海相油气的形成与聚集。