A geological model of London and the Thames Valley,southeast England

Many geological survey organisations have started delivering digital geological models as part of their role. This article describes the British Geological Survey (BGS) model for London and the Thames Valley in southeast England. The model covers 4800 km² and extends to several hundred metres depth. It includes extensive spreads of Quaternary river terraces and alluvium of the Thames drainage system resting on faulted and folded Palaeogene and Cretaceous bedrock strata. The model extends to the base of the Jurassic sedimentary rocks.     

Holocene landscape evolution and geoarcheology of low-order streams in the Rio Grande basin,San Juan Mountains,Colorado, USA

This geoarcheological study investigates soil stratigraphy and geochronology of alluvial deposits to determine Holocene landscape evolution within the Hot Creek, La Jara Creek, and Alamosa River drainage basins in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. Geomorphic mapping and radiocarbon dating indicate synchronicity in patterns of erosion, deposition, and stability between drainage basins. In all three basins, the maximum age of mapped alluvial terraces and fans is ~ 3300 cal yr BP. A depositional period seen at both Hot Creek and the Alamosa River begins ~ 3300 to 3200 cal yr BP. Based on soil development, short periods of stability followed by alluvial fan aggradation occur in the Alamosa River basin ~ 2200 cal yr BP. A period of landscape stability at Hot Creek before ~ 1100 cal yr BP is followed by a period of rapid aggradation within all three drainages between ~ 1100 and 850 cal yr BP. A final aggradation event occurred between ~ 630 and 520 cal yr BP at La Jara Creek. These patterns of landscape evolution over the past ~ 3300 yr provide the framework for an archeological model that predicts the potential for buried and surficial cultural materials in the research area.     

“中国宝谷”正在起航——武汉东湖国家珠宝文化旅游产业基地建设初探

珠宝旅游产业是现代工业和服务业发展的重要组成部分,依托中国地质大学和东湖风景区,建设武汉东湖国家珠宝旅游产业基地（“中国宝谷”）非常必要。本文提出了基地建设的总体框架设计方案,分析了基地建设背景与必要性,探讨了基地建设基础与可行性。文章指出,要在武汉市东湖风景区磨山景区南部南望山北部及毗邻地区建设国家级珠宝旅游产业基地、构筑“中国宝谷”,形成特色鲜明的旅游目的地。空间上形成“一核（教育与研发极核）一街（鲁磨路珠宝一条街）三区（珠宝创意设计与科教游览区、珠宝文化鉴赏与休闲度假区、珠宝展示交易与旅游购物区）”格局。文章认为,基地建设是国际国内珠宝文化旅游大发展和良好的基础调节有机结合的必然产物,前景广阔,对推动区域经济发展具有重要意义。     

Measuring alluvial fan sensitivity to past climate changes using a self‐similarity approach to grain‐size fining,Death Valley,California

The effects of climate change on eroding landscapes and the terrestrial sedimentary record are poorly understood. Using mountain catchment–alluvial fan systems as simple analogues for larger landscapes, a wide range of theoretical studies, numerical models and physical experiments have hypothesized that a change in precipitation rate could leave a characteristic signal in alluvial fan sediment flux, grain size and down‐system fining rate. However, this hypothesis remains largely untested in real landscapes. This study measures grain‐size fining rates from apex to toe on two alluvial fan systems in northern Death Valley, California, USA, which each have well‐exposed modern and ca 70 ka surfaces, and where the long‐term tectonic boundary conditions can be constrained. Between them, these surfaces capture a well‐constrained temporal gradient in climate. A grain‐size fining model is adapted, based on self‐similarity and selective deposition, for application to these alluvial fans. This model is then integrated with cosmogenic nuclide constraints on catchment erosion rates, and observed grain‐size fining data from two catchment‐fan systems, to estimate the change in sediment flux from canyon to alluvial fan that occurred between mid‐glacial and modern interglacial conditions. In a fan system with negligible sediment recycling, a ca 30% decrease in precipitation rate led to a 20% decrease in sediment flux and a clear increase in the down‐fan rate of fining, supporting existing landscape evolution models. Consequently, this study shows that small mountain catchments and their alluvial fan stratigraphy can be highly sensitive to orbital climate changes over <10⁵ year timescales. However, in the second fan system it is observed that this sensitivity is completely lost when sediment is remobilized and recycled over a time period longer than the duration of the climatic perturbation. These analyses offer a new approach to quantitatively reconstructing the effects of past climate changes on sedimentation, using simple grain‐size data measured in the field.     

深切河谷斜坡地带岩溶地下水的赋存特征及开发利用——以石阡县安家寨地下水系统为例

本文以石阡县安家寨片区开放型岩溶地下水系统为研究对象,以石阡县安家寨地区的实际勘查成果为基础,指出了在该类型地区受地质构造控制,可能存在局部封闭型的阻水型蓄水构造,成为该类型地区寻找和开发利用地下水的有利地带。并在此提出在深切河谷斜坡地带寻找有开发价值的地下水源地的方向为:在"开放型"水文地质系统中寻找局部的"封闭型的地下水蓄水构造",可作为该类型地区勘查和开发岩溶地下水的借鉴。     

果子沟高架桥工程设计中风速设计值的估算

对比分析果子沟临时气象观测站、伊宁和昭苏站61天的风速观测资料，利用伊宁和昭苏1971年1月至2003年12月的历史资料，计算果子沟风速的平均值和极值，并采用概率模式估算50年一遇、100年一遇最大风速。     

伊犁河谷暴雪过程水汽特征

利用NCEP再分析资料，分析了伊犁河谷2000—2020年10月—次年4月发生的23次暴雪过程大尺度环流背景，运用HYSPLIT模式（拉格朗日）方法模拟追踪水汽后向轨迹，定量确定了不同源地水汽输送路径及其贡献。结果表明，伊犁河谷暴雪区位于高空西南急流轴右侧、槽前西南强锋区、低空西南急流出口区前部辐合区、水汽通量散度辐合及地面冷锋附近的重叠区域。HYSPLIT模式分析表明，暴雪过程水汽主要来自地中海和黑海附近、西南亚、中亚、大西洋及其沿岸；水汽自源地出发经关键区，分别从西南（偏西）、西北（偏北）路径输入暴雪区；各路径、各源地对暴雪的贡献不同层存在较大的差异，来自中亚、西南亚的水汽主要输送至700 hPa以下，地中海和黑海附近、大西洋及其沿岸、加拿大等地的水汽主要输送至700 hPa及以上；源自加拿大的水汽是湿地蒸发的结果，且与北美洲北部冬半年为极涡频发区有关。基于上述特征，建立了伊犁河谷暴雪过程水汽输送的三维结构模型。