Three mechanisms of ore re-mobilisation during amphibolite facies metamorphism at the Montauban Zn–Pb–Au–Ag deposit

The relative importance of mechanical re-mobilisation, hydrothermal dissolution and re-precipitation, and sulphide melting in controlling redistribution of metals during concurrent metamorphism and deformation is evaluated at the middle amphibolite facies Montauban deposit in Canada. As at many other deposits, ductile deformation was important in driving mechanical re-mobilisation of massive sulphides from limb regions into hinge regions of large-scale folds and is thus the most important for controlling the economics of Pb and Zn distribution. Two possible stages of hydrothermally driven re-mobilisation are discussed, each of which produces characteristically different alteration assemblages. Prograde hydrothermal re-mobilisation is driven by pyrite de-sulphidation and concurrent chlorite dehydration and is thus an internally driven process. At Montauban, the H₂S-rich fluid generated through this process allowed re-mobilisation of gold into the wall rock, where it was deposited in response to sulphidation of Fe Mg silicates. Retrograde hydrothermal re-mobilisation is an externally driven process, whereby large volumes of fluids from outside the deposit may dissolve and re-precipitate metals, and cause hydration of silicate minerals. This second hydrothermally driven process is not recognised at Montauban. Sulphide melting occurred as temperatures neared the peak metamorphic conditions. Melting initiated in the massive sulphides through arsenopyrite breakdown, and a small volume of melt was subsequently re-mobilised into the wall rock. Trace element partitioning and fractional crystallisation of this melt generated a precious metal-rich fractionate, which remained mobile until well after peak metamorphism. Thus, prograde hydrothermal re-mobilisation and sulphide melting were the most important mechanisms for controlling the distribution of Au and Ag.     

Gold ore-forming fluids of the Tanami region, Northern Australia

Fluid inclusion studies have been carried out on major gold deposits and prospects in the Tanami region to determine the compositions of the associated fluids and the processes responsible for gold mineralization. Pre-ore, milky quartz veins contain only two-phase aqueous inclusions with salinities ≤19 wt% NaCl eq. and homogenization temperatures that range from 110 to 410°C. In contrast, the ore-bearing veins typically contain low to moderate salinity (<14 wt% NaCl eq.), H₂O + CO₂ ± CH₄ ± N₂-bearing fluids. The CO₂-bearing inclusions coexist with two-phase aqueous inclusions that exhibit a wider range of salinities (≤21 wt% NaCl eq.). Post-ore quartz and carbonate veins contain mainly two-phase aqueous inclusions, with a last generation of aqueous inclusions being very CaCl₂-rich. Salinities range from 7 to 33 wt% NaCl eq. and homogenization temperatures vary from 62 to 312°C. Gold deposits in the Tanami region are hosted by carbonaceous or iron-rich sedimentary rocks and/or mafic rocks. They formed over a range of depths at temperatures from 200 to 430°C. The Groundrush deposit formed at the greatest temperatures and depths (260–430°C and ≤11 km), whereas deposits in the Tanami goldfield formed at the lowest temperatures (≥200°C) and at the shallowest depths (1.5–5.6 km). There is also evidence in the Tanami goldfield for late-stage isothermal mixing with higher salinity (≤21 wt% NaCl eq.) fluids at temperatures between 100 and 200°C. Other deposits (e.g., The Granites, Callie, and Coyote) formed at intermediate depths and at temperatures ranging from 240 to 360°C. All ore fluids contained CO₂ ± N₂ ± CH₄, with the more deeply formed deposits being enriched in CH₄ and higher level deposits being enriched in CO₂. Fluids from deposits hosted mainly by sedimentary rocks generally contained appreciable quantities of N₂. The one exception is the Tanami goldfield, where the quartz veins were dominated by aqueous inclusions with rare CO₂-bearing inclusions. Calculated δ ¹⁸O values for the ore fluids range from 3.8 to 8.5‰ and the corresponding δD values range from −89 to −37‰. Measured δ ¹³C values from CO₂ extracted from fluid inclusions ranged from −5.1 to −8.4‰. These data indicate a magmatic or mixed magmatic/metamorphic source for the ore fluids in the Tanami region. Interpretation of the fluid inclusion, alteration, and structural data suggests that mineralization may have occurred via a number of processes. Gold occurs in veins associated with brittle fracturing and other dilational structures, but in the larger deposits, there is also an association with iron-rich rocks or carbonaceous sediments, suggesting that both structural and chemical controls are important. The major mineralization process appears to be boiling/effervescence of a gas-rich fluid, which leads to partitioning of H₂S into the vapor phase resulting in gold precipitation. However, some deposits also show evidence of desulfidation by fluid–rock interaction and/or reduction of the ore-fluid by fluid mixing. These latter processes are generally more prevalent in the higher crustal-level deposits.     

721矿山南铀矿石微生物槽浸的适应性实验研究

以山南铀矿石为研究对象，探讨了微生物槽浸铀实验过程中有关参数（Fe^3 ,Fe^2 ,pH,Eh,U)的变化规律。在此基础上，评价了山南铀矿石微生物槽浸的适应性。     

地电提取测量法在北衙寻找隐伏矿的可行性

地电化学提取测量法是应生产需要而发展起来的一种轻便，快捷的寻找隐伏矿床的方法，在云南鹤庆县北衙地区进行实验研究，取得较好的效果，并在末知矿区圈定了远景规划区，为进一步探矿提供科学依据。     

上扬子台区下寒武统黑色岩系中的钒矿床

我国南部早寒武世黑色岩系中，蕴藏丰富的金属和非金属矿产。而位于扬子地台东南缘的钒矿床尤其令人瞩目。本文以湘西为例，剖析该类钒矿地质特征和成矿规律。矿床产于下寒武统黑色岩系底产的碳系页岩、硅岩及黑色页岩组合。矿层呈层状、似层状，产权稳定，埋藏浅，储量大。矿石主要由水云母（伊利石）和石英组成，含有机质及藻类化石。成矿受地层、岩性、古构造和古地理条件控制。矿床具有微生物成矿与海底热水沉积双重特征，成因应属生物地球化学积积矿床范畴。     

宾川幔坳区斑岩铜矿综合信息三维找矿模型

云南宾川幔坳区位于青藏高原横断山脉东缘，金沙江有色贵金属矿带南段，是云南仅次于东川-昭通，个旧-丘北的第三大幔坳区，本文首次概括综合信息三维找矿模型显示，该区可能赋存一个超大型斑岩系列铜矿床，区内纳米碳，铜，金相互作用是其主要成矿作用之一。     

天马山硫金矿床金的赋存状肪及分布规律

矿床中金主要以独立矿物相存在，少数为细粒分散相，金的载体矿物主要有黄铜矿，毒砂，黄铁矿，综合脉石和磁黄铁矿等，金矿物主要为自然金，银金矿，平均成色745．57，金的嵌布类型有粒间金，包裹金，裂隙金3种，金在矿石中及不同矿体中的分布不均匀，金与流，金与砷的相关性因矿体类型及矿石类型的不同而有差异。     

铜陵花树坡铜矿床伴生金（银）赋存状态及分布规律

铜陵花树坡铜矿床伴生金以矿物态为主，分散态极少；金矿物以银金矿为主，金矿物粒度较细，全部以包体金存在；金的理想回收率为52．21％。     

金沙江流域（云南段）砂金成因类型及其找矿前景

根据成矿作用、成矿环境及矿床特征，金沙江流域（云南段）砂金矿床，可划分为：残坡积、洪积、冲洪积、冲积和冰碛等五种类型。成矿主要受碰撞带、深大断裂、大断裂及其派生断裂、基底岩石、地貌、水质和水化学环境等综合控制。以巨甸－大具及中江街－金江街两片区最具有找矿前景。     

德兴地体成矿特征

从成矿条件、地球物理和地球化学特征等方面研究了德兴地体乐(华)-德(兴)成矿带的铜铅锌金银多金属五大矿田,指出了找矿方向.