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Analytical model for fully three‐dimensional radial dispersion in a finite‐thickness aquifer

Analytical solutions for contaminant transport in a non‐uniform flow filed are very difficult and relatively rare in subsurface hydrology. The difficulty is because of the fact that velocity vector in the non‐uniform flow field is space‐dependent rather than constant. In this study, an analytical model is presented for describing the three‐dimensional contaminant transport from an area source in a radial flow field which is a simplest case of the non‐uniform flow. The development of the analytical model is achieved by coupling the power series technique, the Laplace transform and the two finite Fourier cosine transform. The developed analytical model is examined by comparing with the Laplace transform finite difference (LTFD) solution. Excellent agreements between the developed analytical model and the numerical model certificate the accuracy of the developed model. The developed model can evaluate solution for Peclet number up to 100. Moreover, the mathematical behaviours of the developed solution are also studied. More specifically, a hypothetical convergent flow tracer test is considered as an illustrative example to demonstrate the three‐dimensional concentration distribution in a radial flow field. The developed model can serve as benchmark to check the more comprehensive three‐dimensional numerical solutions describing non‐uniform flow contaminant transport. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the usefulness of remote sensing input data for spatially distributed hydrological modelling: case of the Tarim River basin in China

The ecological situation of the Tarim River basin in China seriously declined since the early 1950s, mainly due to a strong increase in water abstraction for irrigation purposes. To restore the ecological system and support sustainable development of the Tarim River basin region in China, more hydrological studies are demanded to properly understand the processes of the watershed and efficiently manage the water resources. Such studies are, however, complicated due to the limited data availability, especially in the mountainous headwater regions of the Tarim River basin. This study investigated the usefulness of remote sensing (RS) data to overcome that lack of data in the spatially distributed hydrological modelling of the basin. Complementary to the conventional station‐based (SB) data, the RS products that are directly used in this study include precipitation, evapotranspiration and leaf area index. They are derived from raw image data of the Chinese Fengyun meteorological satellite and from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The MODIS land surface temperature was used to calculate the atmospheric temperature lapse rate to describe the temperature dependency on topographical variations. Moreover, MODIS‐based snow cover images were used to obtain model initial conditions and as validation reference for the snow model component. Comparison of model results based on RS input versus conventional SB input exhibited similar results in terms of high and low river runoff extremes, cumulative runoff volumes in both runoff and snow melting seasons and spatial and temporal variability of snow cover. During summer time, when the snow cover shrinks in the permanent glacier region, it was found that the model resolution influences the model results dramatically, hence, showing the importance of detailed (RS based) spatially distributed input data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

后疫情时代世界天然铀供需结构与我国天然铀供需趋势分析

铀是世界重要的能源原料,更是国家发展的重要战略资源,随着我国核电产业的快速发展,世界天然铀供需结构将发生巨大变化。本文以权威机构发布的最新数据为基础,总结了当前世界铀资源分布及其生产现状,结合世界及我国核电发展现状和发展趋势,分析了后疫情时代和“两碳目标”下世界天然铀供需结构。目前,世界铀资源可保障核电产业中长期发展需求,但中国铀资源禀赋以及铀生产规模均无法满足当前国内核电发展需求,随着中国核电的快速发展,需依赖国外铀资源以及国际铀市场来补足,随之世界天然铀供需结构亦将发生变化。为了保障我国天然铀长期稳定供给,一方面需要加大国内铀资源勘查开发力度,另一方面要实施“走出去”战略,以提高我国在世界铀资源配置中的地位,保障我国核电可持续发展。     

准噶尔盆地玛页1井长筒取心技术

玛页1井是新疆油田股份公司在准噶尔盆地西部隆起乌夏断裂带部署的一口风险探井,目的是探索风城组页岩油和常规高孔火山岩油藏的勘探潜力,全井设计取心275 m,实际取心445 m,该井具有取心井段长、致密泥岩地层取心效率低、裂隙发育段易堵心等特点。针对该区域地层特点及玛页1井长井段取心面临的技术难点,通过应用KT216型钻具长筒取心技术,配套井底动力高转速驱动金刚石钻进工艺,与邻井相比,玛页1井长井段取心钻进综合效率提高1.79倍,连续取心长度445 m,单回次取心长度41.97 m,创该区域历史最高纪录,可为后续该区域长井段连续取心实施提供参考和借鉴。     

1951—2016年沈阳气温和降水的多尺度分析

应用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法,对1951—2016年沈阳年平均气温和年降水量序列进行多尺度分析,并结合功率谱分析了两要素主要本征模态函数(IMF)分量的周期变化特征。在此基础上,进行了序列重建与对比。结果表明:近66 a来,沈阳年平均气温的变化主要由第1、第2高频分量和趋势项的振荡造成,分别反映了准5 a和准7 a的周期变化以及长期的缓慢增温过程;准14 a的年代际振荡第3分量对沈阳年平均气温变化的作用也不可忽视,而反映更长时间尺度的第4和第5分量在1980年代后与趋势项的变化特征基本一致,表明1980年代后沈阳明显增暖。年降水量的变化主要由第1、第2分量的年际振荡造成,振荡周期分别为准3 a和准5 a,而趋势项则呈现出准64 a的周期变化,总体反映出年降水量在1980年代前后呈现先减后增的变化趋势。与年平均气温序列相比,年降水序列的年代际尺度变化和长期趋势变化的贡献明显偏小。     

一种无线遥测自动气象站远程检测控制模块的研制

为了节省无线遥测自动气象站死机故障排除时需要耗费的人力物力,研制了一种远程检测控制模块,包括硬件电路的设计、固件程序设计、调试制作等。通过对无线遥测自动气象站进行远程重启或自动重启,实现死机故障的排除。同时可以远程读取自动气象站运行时的电压情况,对电池性能进行分析。该模块接入无线遥测自动气象站后,在自动气象站出现死机故障时无需工作人员前往现场处理。     

省级区域站数据直传监控系统设计与实现

全国省级区域站数据传输业务流程逐步由市级转发省级调整为直传省级,省级区域站中心站成为数据传输的枢纽。区域站数据传输业务的调整给省、市、县3级区域站运维保障工作带来了一定的挑战。为了应对统一管理难、监视难、故障诊断难的挑战,本文设计并实现了一种省级区域站数据直传监控系统。该系统依托CIMISS系统和省级区域站中心站,基于Django框架实现了CIMISS CTS环节、省级区域站中心站环节、区域站报文来源环节、区域站电池环节的监视和展示,以及区域站报文历史传输情况的展示和故障诊断。该系统已经投入业务应用,进一步提高了全省区域站数据传输业务的运维保障能力。     

应用于L波段风廓线雷达的2 kW限幅器设计

边界层风廓线雷达为气象预报服务提供垂直性、连续性、高时空分辨率的探测数据。针对在全国各雷达站集中式雷达运行过程中限幅器频繁烧毁导致雷达停止工作的问题,设计了一种L波段2kW高功率无源限幅器。此款限幅器在电路前端引入双耦合电缆和功率电阻,增加了散热能力,一分为二限幅,使通过PIN二极管的功率降低一倍,电路后端多级二极管并联,逐级平缓限幅;具有承受功率高,限幅电平低,插入损耗小的特点。利用ADS软件进行仿真,并对限幅器进行了测试,结果表明各项指标满足设计要求。此款限幅器在边界层风廓线雷达上的应用,极大地提高了雷达稳定性。