振动作用下矿井突水涌砂机理的研究

矿井的突水涌砂现象是威胁矿井和矿区的最大灾害之一。利用设计的实验装置,本文完成了某矿井的突水涌砂机理研究,确定了与突水涌砂相关的因素以及这些因素与突水涌砂的定性、定量关系,进一步提出了防治此灾害的方法。     

基于D-InSAR的煤矿区开采沉陷遥感监测技术分析

该文在综合分析国内外开采沉陷监测技术现状、合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)和差分干涉测量(D-In SAR)技术发展及其在地表沉陷监测中应用成果的基础上,分析了D-InSAR技术在煤矿开采沉陷变形监测中的特点与技术优势。指出:应用D-InSAR进行煤矿区开采沉陷监测的具体目标是矿区地表沉降演变过程分析、采区地表沉陷动态监测与分析和矿区DEM数据更新;亟须研究解决的关键技术问题有:源数据获取与选择、数据处理方法、地面配合措施、精度与可靠性评价、多源信息集成分析等。D-InSAR为煤矿区地表时空演变过程研究和开采沉陷实时动态监测提供了新的技术方法;作为"数字矿山"的重要内容,D-InSAR可以有效地指导矿区生产、整体规划与长远发展,并为矿区可持续发展服务。     

下向胶结充填法开采陡倾金属矿引起的地质环境损害分析

本文是在收集整理了大量现场监测数据基础上,以金川二矿为例,通过具体分析下向胶结充填法开采陡倾金属所引起的矿山地面沉降和地裂缝等工程地质现象及其特征,指出了下向胶结充填法开采陡倾金属矿体在引起的地质环境损害特征上和煤矿开采的区别,并结合具体的工程地质条件,分析了矿区地质环境损害给地表构筑物以及地下井巷工程带来的问题,从而提出了一些预防和减轻采动区域地质环境损害及影响的合理化建议。     

利用多井干扰法预算湖南省煤炭坝矿区矿井涌水量

在阐述煤炭坝矿区水文地质条件的基础上，利用势的霍加原理建立了水文地质模型，并以此建立了相应的数学模型。在各矿井多年排水量的基础上求出各矿井相对边界作用点的引用渗透系数Ki及Kmax，根据水文地质模型设计的已知的参数，将数学模型简化为多元一次方程组。进而求解得矿井开拓延深后矿区各矿井的涌水量。     

榆神矿区煤矿防治水的几点思考

针对榆神府矿区不同井田矿井涌水量差异大的问题,基于所收集区内大量的钻探、抽水试验等资料,从风化剥蚀作用、烧变作用、天窗、砂岩微观孔隙结构等入手,分析了延安组含水层富水性的影响因素。结合导水裂隙带发育高度,探讨了延安组含水层富水性对矿井涌水量的影响。结果表明：风化剥蚀作用使延安组砂岩裂隙发育、破碎严重,增强其渗透性和连通性,随着基岩风化率的增加,富水性增强;烧变作用使延安组砂岩裂隙、孔洞显著增加,随着烧变岩厚度增加,富水性增强;天窗为延安组含水层与其他含水层之间提供了水力联系通道。采煤形成的导水裂隙带导通了延安组风化段和烧变段,使矿井涌水量较大。区域上各影响因素的叠加会导致延安组含水层富水性增强,局部呈现强富水−极强富水性,导水裂隙带导通后矿井涌水量较大,威胁煤矿安全生产。进一步探讨了各涌水量较大井田延安组富水性对矿井涌水量的影响,为榆神府矿区井田安全开采和顶板水害防治提供参考。

     

Methods for visualizing the explosive remnants of war

This study aimed to answer the question how cartography can help decision makers visualize the problem of contamination by explosive remnants of war (ERW). We thus explored a set of six cartographic visualization methods and systematically evaluated their usefulness with respect to four categories of stakeholders in the humanitarian demining process (i.e., database administrators, operations officers, directors of national mine action authorities, and donors) at four geographical scales, ranging from municipal to global. The main application of our work is for stakeholders involved in humanitarian demining. We provide them with a comprehensive framework for visualizing ERW hazards at the geographical scale at which they have to make decisions, as well as customized cartographic visualization tools and recommendations to help them make informed decisions. For example, we provide potential donors with a method for obtaining a global overview of ERW contamination while remaining aware of regional variation and hot spots. We also enhance cartographic visualization capabilities using traditional kernel density estimation by customizing key parameters. Specifically, we propose a method for adjusting kernel bandwidth for datasets with highly heterogeneous spatial distributions and a method for generating kernel surfaces from polygon data that consists of infilling the polygons with points before using them as inputs in the kernel density estimation.     

Morphodynamics and cobbles behavior in and near the surf zone

The evolution of an initially flat sandy slope and the dynamics of large objects (cobbles/mines) emplaced on it are studied in a laboratory wave tank under simulated surf conditions. Upon initiation of wave forcing, the initially flat beach undergoes bedform changes before reaching a quasi-steady morphology characterized by a system of sand ripples along the slope and a large bar near the break point. Although the incoming wave characteristics are held fixed, the bottom morphology never reaches a strict steady state, but rather slowly changes due to the migration of ripples and bar transformation. When the wave characteristics are changed, the bedform adjusts to a new quasi-steady state after a suitable adjustment time. Studies conducted by placing model cobbles/mines on the evolving sandy bottom subjected to wave forcing show four distinct scenarios: (i) periodic cobble oscillations with zero mean displacement and small scour around the cobbles, (ii) mean onshore motion of relatively light cobbles, (iii) periodic burial of relatively heavy cobbles when their sizes are comparable to those of sand ripples, and (iv) the burial of relatively large cobbles under the bar, when the bar migrates due to changes of incoming waves. Quantitative data on the characteristics and dynamics of the bedform, including ripple-formation front propagating down the slope, ripple growth and drift, and flow around ripples, are presented. Physical explanations are provided for the observations.     

矿山地质灾害链及其断链减灾实践研究

矿山地质灾害链是由采空区灾害链、矸石灾害链、矿井水灾害链、矿井瓦斯灾害链和高温热害灾害链等组成,它是由煤炭开采活动引发的灾害链,结构上属于树枝状灾链。分析了矿山地质灾害链的链式效应特点以及地质灾害链之间的协同作用、时间和空间分布的复杂多样性以及承灾体类型的多样性等。矿山地质灾害链的承灾体随着灾害链的延伸类型趋多,在其减灾措施中宜在上游的链环上采取措施,以便获得较好的经济效益。针对矿山地质灾害链的特点提出了控制灾害链源头的发生和危害、切断灾害链等措施,并在平顶山煤矿山进行了实践。     

矿井废弃巷道蓄排水系统设计与分析

为了建立废弃巷道蓄排水系统,通过实行“避峰就谷”的排水措施减少矿井排水费用。基于水力学公式和质量守恒定律,推导了倾斜管道形状蓄水区域的蓄排水公式,并从安全和经济两方面设计了排水设施。提出了井下蓄排水系统的有效库容和无效库容的概念,计算了重力自由出流时,不同涌水条件下的蓄排水特征值。分析了从满库至空库过程中水头、排水量和蓄水排放变化情况。结果表明,从满库排水至空库过程中,水头线性减小至最低水头。在前1/3时段内,近一半的库容量已经被排放;前2/3时段内排水量线性减少,库容总量的80%已经被排放;后1/3时段内,排水量快速减少至涌水量,仅排放了整个库容总量的20%。     

太原东山煤矿750下山带压开采研究

在介绍东山矿区地质、水文地质及开采条件的基础上,论述了本矿区15号煤层的带压开采条件,通过详细分析矿区水文地质条件及15号煤层隔水层底板厚度的变化规律,对煤矿的带压开采区划分了3个带,并提出了带压开采建议。