甘肃省207铀矿及富铀岩体特征研究

207铀矿体呈透镜状、扁豆状、似脉状成群出现。赋矿围岩为前长系龙首山群黑云斜长片麻岩和黑云片岩,该类岩石比区域上同类岩石铀含量高,平均U含量为2.36×10-6～4.83×10-6,与伟晶状白岗岩之间的混染带是铀矿赋存的有利空间。铀矿化产于中条期形态不规则的伟晶状白岗岩岩株中,该岩体铀丰度较高,钍/铀低,活性铀多,副矿物少,富碱。富铀伟晶状白岗岩岩体副矿物以黄铁矿为主,总量较低,微量元素含量不高。是至今在甘肃西部及邻区花岗岩岩体中唯一见到稍多晶质铀矿的岩体,也是至今在甘肃西部及邻区花岗岩岩体中铀丰度最高,Th∕U最低的岩体。富矿岩石伟晶状白岗岩在成岩过程时也发生成矿作用,属成岩同期成矿。     

甘肃岷县锁龙—马坞一带金矿资源潜力评价

西秦岭“五朵金花”岩体是寨上—马坞金矿整装勘查区一带重要的金矿成矿地质体,围绕“五朵金花”岩体已发现有多达100余处金矿（床）点,是西秦岭重要的金矿集中区。锁龙—马坞一带研究区正好包括了整个教场坝岩体以及中川岩体及柏家庄岩体北部大部分区域,具有良好的形成金矿的潜力。因此本次工作在收集前人1∶5万矿调及锁龙金矿矿产勘查成果资料的基础上,利用MRAS软件对该区域金资源潜力进行了评价,同时预测了23处金成矿的有利区域,为该区下一步工作部署提供了靶区。     

固体矿产储量估算系统的研究与实现

通过对固体矿产储量估算过程的详细调研,对储量估算过程中的单工程圈定算法、矿体剖面连接以及传统的储量估算方法中的平行剖面法和地质块段法做了详细研究,并针对储量计算的可视化及交互技术进行了研究,实现了一种基于Windows操作系统、MapGIS地理信息系统平台的固体矿产储量估算原型系统,实现了对固体矿产勘查数据的有效存储、管理、可视化分析及评价。     

中国省域煤矿事故时空分异特征及影响因素研究

煤矿事故给国家和人民带来巨大的生命财产损失,科学把握煤矿事故发生的宏观规律及区域煤矿安全的影响因素有助于促进煤矿安全生产。本文尝试采用GIS空间分析方法开展区域煤矿事故的研究,基于空间自相关性、时空演化规律方法研究了2006-2015年中国省域煤矿事故的时空分异特点,并分析了省域煤矿安全的影响因素及相对风险度。主要结论：①中国各省区之间煤矿事故存在明显的空间自相关性,但随着各省区煤矿安全生产形势改善情况的不同,其自相关性在不断下降;②以空间重心转移曲线分析中国煤矿事故发生的时空演化规律,10年间煤矿事故空间重心向东北方向转移。③重特大事故频发的省区由于监管措施的有力执行往往具有较低的煤矿百万吨死亡率;平均煤矿生产能力低的省区具有较高的煤矿百万吨死亡率;④建立基于解释变量的贝叶斯空间模型,以煤炭百万吨死亡率为指标评估中国各省区煤矿事故相对风险度,中国煤矿安全生产相对危险度存在明显的空间分布规律且各省区差异较大,相对危险度较高的省区主要集中在南方地区,包括湖北、福建等,危险度较低的省区主要集中在中东部地区,包括山西、内蒙古等。     

桐梓煤矿大竹坝井田勘查类型及勘查工程间距的确定

通过对大竹坝井田构造复杂程度和煤层稳定程度进行分析研究和综合评价,认真总结煤层厚度变化的规律。对井田勘查工作进行了分区,在同一井田内划分了两个不同的勘查类型,选择主要的勘查区块进行了勘探,并按照论证的结论合理布设勘查工程间距,实现了以较小的经济投入获取较佳地质成果的勘查目标。其评价过程和由此获得的经济效益为今后的地质勘查工作中在确定地质勘查类型时有一定的借鉴作用。     

南召县石鼓金矿地质特征及成因探讨

石鼓金矿位于北秦岭复杂褶皱带东段,乔端-瓦穴子断裂南侧,牧虎顶花岗岩体之北侧,矿脉的产出受断裂构造控制.矿脉数量多,规模大小不一,成矿与构造岩浆活动等关系密切.矿床类型为石英脉型.     

矿山人均保有储量:我国金属矿山合理经济开发的一个标量

文章分析对比了我国国有及非国有规模以上矿山企业的主要经济指标,认为矿业开发要走可持续发展的途径,促进矿产资源的充分、合理、有效开发,实现满足市场需求、兼顾环境保护和社会稳定的目标,就必须积极探索和慎重考虑矿山企业从业人数的合理控制问题;依据胶东大型金矿山实际资料的初步分析,明确提出"矿山人均保有储量"是制约矿山合理开发和矿业可持续发展的重要指标;矿山人均储量的合理配置和适度调控问题不仅值得进一步研究,而且应该引起有关部门的广泛注意和高度重视.     

Spatial patterns of groundwater‐lake exchange – implications for acid neutralization processes in an acid mine lake

Exchange of groundwater and lake water with typically quite different chemical composition is an important driver for biogeochemical processes at the groundwater‐lake interface, which can affect the water quality of lakes. This is of particular relevance in mine lakes where anoxic and slightly acidic groundwater mixes with oxic and acidic lake water (pH < 3). To identify links between groundwater‐lake exchange rates and acid neutralization processes in the sediments, exchange rates were quantified and related to pore‐water pH, sulfate and iron concentrations as well as sulfate reduction rates within the sediment. Seepage rates measured with seepage meters (?2.5 to 5.8 L m^‐2 d^‐1) were in reasonable agreement with rates inverted from modeled chloride profiles (?1.8 to 8.1 L m^‐2 d^‐1). Large‐scale exchange patterns were defined by the (hydro)geologic setting but superimposed by smaller scale variations caused by variability in sediment texture. Sites characterized by groundwater upwelling (flow into the lake) and sites where flow alternated between upwelling and downwelling were identified. Observed chloride profiles at the alternating sites reflected the transient flow regime. Seepage direction, as well as seepage rate, were found to influence pH, sulfate and iron profiles and the associated sulfate reduction rates. Under alternating conditions proton‐consuming processes, for example, sulfate reduction, were slowed. In the uppermost layer of the sediment (max. 5 cm), sulfate reduction rates were significantly higher at upwelling (>330 nmol g^‐1 d^‐1) compared to alternating sites (<220 nmol g^‐1 d^‐1). Although differences in sulfate reduction rates could not be explained solely by different flux rates, they were clearly related to the prevailing groundwater‐lake exchange patterns and the associated pH conditions. Our findings strongly suggest that groundwater‐lake exchange has significant effects on the biogeochemical processes that are coupled to sulfate reduction such as acidity retention and precipitation of iron sulfides. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Long‐term final void salinity prediction for a post‐mining landscape in the Hunter Valley,New South Wales,Australia

Opencast mining alters surface and subsurface hydrology of a landscape both during and post‐mining. At mine closure, following opencast mining in mines with low overburden to coal ratios, a void is left in the final landform. This final void is the location of the active mine pit at closure. Voids are generally not infilled within the mines' lifetime, because of the prohibitive cost of earthwork operations, and they become post‐mining water bodies or pit lakes. Water quality is a significant issue for pit lakes. Groundwater within coal seams and associated rocks can be saline, depending on the nature of the strata and groundwater circulation patterns. This groundwater may be preferentially drawn to and collected in the final void. Surface runoff to the void will not only collect salts from rainfall and atmospheric fallout, but also from the ground surface and the weathering of fresh rock. As the void water level rises, its evaporative surface area increases, concentrating salts that are held in solution. This paper presents a study of the long term, water quality trends in a post‐mining final void in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. This process is complex and occurs long term, and modelling offers the only method of evaluating water quality. Using available geochemical, climate and hydrogeological data as inputs into a mass‐balance model, water quality in the final void was found to increase rapidly in salinity through time (2452 to 8909 mg l⁻¹ over 500 years) as evaporation concentrates the salt in the void and regional groundwater containing high loads of salt continues to flow into the void. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geotechnical assessment of the bearing capacity of coal mine floors

Summary This investigation concerns 3 longwall faces having variable strata and mining conditions, but supported by 202 tonnes hydraulic 6-leg chocks. Bearing capacity tests along the faces were conducted to evaluate the factors influencing floor deformation and failure. The effect of size, shape and perimeter of the base plates, thickness of the floor layer, time and moisture on the ultimate bearing capacity of the floor was measured and discussed. Application of this work is the prediction of stability and support performance of face ends, as well as the design of support systems and ground control on production faces.