荆襄磷矿优质磷块岩的形成与藻类的关系

中国荆襄磷矿共有4个含矿层,自下而上分别为ph₁、ph₂、ph₃和ph₄,ph₁是该区主要由磷质叠层石构成的最高品位的磷块岩。它不仅具有特征的化学成分和丰富的藻类化石,而巨其中的磷质主要富集在叠层石柱体、富藻层和藻化石中,磷的含量分别达到36.90%、38.10%和40.02%,而在叠层石柱间和富屑层中仅为3.22%和1.32%.这些资料表明,高品位磷块岩的凝聚和富集,主要是由古代生活在清水潮坪中的藻类生物代谢活动造成的生物和生物化学作用所致。     

Diagenetic trends of fluorine concentration in Negev phosphorites, Israel: implications for carbonate fluorapatite composition during phosphogenesis

An electron probe and chemical study of bulk phosphorite samples and separated constituents from various Negev deposits was carried out together with XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and textural analysis. The results allow a better understanding of the distribution of fluorine in these Upper Cretaceous phosphorite sequences and shed light on variations in the composition of the carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) phase during phosphogenesis. Two facies are recognized: (1) a pristine, microbially generated phosphorite facies; (2) a recycled, peloidal and biodetrital facies. Fluorine distribution in the Negev phosphorites is facies controlled: F/P₂O₅ is much lower in the pristine facies (0·090–0·107) than in the recycled facies (0·107–0·120). In addition, F/P₂O₅ varies considerably between the various constituents of the phosphate fraction; F‐poor francolites (F/P₂O₅ as low as 0·080) co‐exist with F‐rich francolites (F/P₂O₅ as high as 0·135) in the same phosphorite bulk sample. A lower F/P₂O₅ in francolite is associated with higher Cd and Zn concentrations in the phosphorite, an increase in Fe‐rich smectites in the clay fraction and the presence of structural OH in the francolite. The lower F/P₂O₅ ratios in the pristine facies are attributed to high organic deposition rates during the formation of these matted sediments, leading to rapid burial of the in situ‐forming CFA. This is possibly coupled with diffusion of F from sea water into bottom sediments being hampered by microbial mat coatings. These conditions resulted in O₂‐depleted porefluids, inducing the precipitation of Cd‐rich Zn sulphides and the formation of Fe‐rich smectites. F‐enrichment probably takes place when the earlier formed F‐poor ‘primary’ CFA is relocated close to the sea floor and bathed with interstitial sea water solutions of higher F concentrations. Oxidation and removal of the sulphide‐bound Cd and Zn apparently occurred together with enrichment in F of the francolite. Combining chemical data with XRD and FTIR results suggests a multistage growth for the Negev phosphate constituents in shifting formational sites and porefluids of varying F concentrations. This multiphase growth is reflected in the patchy distribution of F in the Negev constituents and might explain the inverse correlation between mean CO₂/F and F/P₂O₅ ratios of the analysed phosphorites in the two facies. It also suggests that CFA (or an amorphous precursor) initially formed with some OH groups in the apatite structure, which were subsequently substituted by F ions in recycled francolite through re‐equilibration with porefluids of higher F concentrations.     

贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积期后变化

贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩保存了可能是全球最早的后生动物化石 (瓮安动物群 ),对于瓮安动物群出现过程中的古海洋环境重建具有重要科学意义。但必须对成岩后生作用对磷块岩中的稀土元素改造进行评估。通过对贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的磷质碎屑、磷质和白云质胶结物、磷条带和泥条带等的稀土元素地球化学特征研究,确定沉积期后变化对稀土元素的改造影响不大。上矿层磷块岩沉积期形成的磷质碎屑、成岩期形成的白云质和磷质胶结物具相同的稀土元素配分模式,暗示了沉积期后的改造作用对瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩保存的原生沉积信息影响不大。瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩具有显著的重稀土亏损特征。磷块岩的磷质和白云质胶结物、伴生磷质碎屑、强风化磷块岩相近的ErN/LuN 比值,表明沉积期后的改造作用不是重稀土元素亏损的主要原因。磷块岩的ErN/LuN、LaN/NdN 与Ce/Ce 间的相关性,表明越氧化的沉积环境中,轻和重稀土元素亏损越强。     

贵州瓮福新元古代陡山沱期磷矿床铅同位素特征及来源探讨

贵州新元古代陡山沱期瓮福磷矿下矿层条纹-条带状磷块岩的磷条带、泥岩条带、上矿层磷块岩的磷质、白云质胶结物有各自不同的铅同位素组成特点。在Zartman铅构造模式图解中，下矿层磷条带和泥质磷块岩条带位于地幔铅、造山带铅和上地壳演化线之间，并呈很好的线性关系。上矿层块岩的白云质胶结物远离所有类型铅的演化线。下矿层的泥岩条带位于幔源铅和上志壳铅演化线之间，但与磷质不同，更偏向于白云质胶结物的分布区。在朱炳泉等（1998）的△γ-△β铅来源分类图上，上矿层和下矿层的甩磷质样品分布于地幔铅、上地壳与地幔混合俯冲带碎屑沉积作用铅和海底热水作用铅区。上矿层磷块岩的白云质胶结物分布于上地壳和地幔混合俯冲带岩浆作用铅、化学沉积型和海底热水作用型铅区。泥岩条带分布于地幔源和海底热水作用型铅区。因此，瓮福磷矿磷质样品的铅主要具地幔铅、上地壳铅和热水沉积作用的混合来源，以地幔为主。上矿层白云质胶结物铅同位素具有海源和海底热水作用的混合来源。下矿层泥岩条带铅同位素具地幔、上地壳和海源铅的混合特点。陡山沱期大规模磷质成矿的初始物质主要来源于地幔，预示着磷质的超常成矿与磷质生物的爆发可能与地幔体制的变化有某种成因联系。     

关于金字塔沙丘成因的探讨

在考察中首次发现金字塔型沙丘,初步探讨了形成这种沙丘的环境因素。