地缘战略交汇区地理环境的介质属性及其地缘环境效应——以乌克兰为例

文章将理论建构与案例分析相结合,首先提出地缘介质概念,论证了地理环境的介质属性及其传导权力的效率差异,并阐明不同地缘介质的地缘功能,然后以乌克兰为案例,揭示地缘行为体挖掘并利用地理环境的介质属性进行权力施动的空间实践及其产生的地缘环境效应。结果表明：1）地处地缘战略交汇区的乌克兰,其地理环境的介质属性显著,这为地缘行为体在乌克兰进行权力施动提供了空间中介。2）乌克兰地理环境中各介质要素的地缘功能及其对地缘行为体权力传导的效率差异明显。地理位置和地形地貌具有地缘安全功能,自然资源的地缘经济功能强大,政党和民族的地缘政治功能较强,语言和宗教的地缘文化功能较为凸显。自然资源、政党、民族、宗教的介质属性较强,地理位置、地形地貌的介质属性在逐渐减弱。3）不同地缘行为体（利益集团）争相利用地理环境的介质属性进行权力的空间施动,使其在乌克兰的地缘位势此消彼长,致使乌克兰地缘环境激烈震荡。从地缘介质的视角探索权力施动的空间实践及其效应,对提升中国在周边的地缘影响力具有一定启示意义。     

新疆皮山镁质矽卡岩矿床(含糖玉)成因及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

新疆且末—若羌一带的和田玉,以带有黄绿色调为特征,针对该种和田玉的颜色成因和特性表征研究较少,影响了对这种和田玉的颜色和矿床成因的认识。本文利用电子探针(EPMA)、背散射电子图像(BSE)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)分析技术对且末黄口料的矿物组成和化学成分进行测试,采用滴定法测试FeO含量,探究其颜色成因和成矿类型,并采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年约束其成矿时代。结果表明：该地区和田玉主要由磷灰石、方解石、白云石、透辉石、绿帘石、榍石和锆石组成。其稀土总量低(∑REE=2.61~19.1μg/g),稀土配分模式呈现出明显Eu负异常(δ Eu < 0.05)、LREE右倾、HREE平坦,根据稀土配分模式和Cr、Ni元素含量,推测是一种镁质矽卡岩型和田玉。且末黄口料和田玉Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺平均值(0.16)与其他地区和田玉有重叠,但该比值稍高(0.07~0.26),而Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺含量与其他地区和田玉之间差异并不明显。因此,推测且末—若羌和田玉的颜色成因与Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺比值有关,与Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺含量并无明显关系; 该地区和田玉中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年获得的两个加权平均年龄为461.7±6.1Ma (MSWD=1.6)和498.1±4.6Ma (MSWD=1.16),代表了该地区黄绿色和田玉的形成时代,并可以进一步约束西昆仑的构造演化。

     

On the land use in Three Gorges Reservoir area

In this study the arable land changes in two counties (Zigui and Xingshan) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China are investigated. The statistical data from the officially published statistical books are used to study these changes in the two counties during the past 50 years since 1949. The changes of arable land, changes of arable land per capita, and changes of multiple crop index in Zigui and Xingshan counties are examined. Using an index method, we conclude that the two counties are critical in the sustainable utilization of arable land.     

基于IPA法的传统型景区游客满意度评价——以琅琊山景区为例

游客满意度评价对景区规划、建设和管理很重要。结合文献分析与德尔菲法,构建了传统型景区游客满意度评价指标体系,并以琅琊山景区为例采用IPA模型进行案例分析。结果表明:琅琊山景区7个要素测度层——资源特色、景区环境、景区产品、景区交通、景区服务、景区设施、景区价格及30项因子测度指标感知均值都为满意度重要性,游后感知实绩(满意度)全低于游前期望(重要性);IPA矩阵分析30项因子分布为:优势区域6项、修补区域4项、机会区域15项、维持区域5项,游后满意度(实绩)与游前重要性(期望)感知评价"双高项"占20.0%,"双低项"占50.0%。总体上游客期望值较高而满意度不高,各评价因子的满意度评价差异较大,景区需提升产品与服务。     

Measuring place-based accessibility under travel time uncertainty

Travel time uncertainty has significant impacts on individual activity-travel scheduling, but at present these impacts have not been considered in most accessibility studies. In this paper, an accessibility evaluation framework is proposed for urban areas with uncertain travel times. A reliable space-time service region (RSTR) model is introduced to represent the space-time service region of a facility under travel time uncertainty. Based on the RSTR model, four reliable place-based accessibility measures are proposed to evaluate accessibility to urban services by incorporating the effects of travel time reliability. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, a case study using large-scale taxi tracking data is carried out. The results of the case study indicate that the proposed accessibility measures can evaluate large-scale place-based accessibility well in urban areas with uncertain travel times. Conventional place-based accessibility indicators ignoring travel time reliability can significantly overestimate the accessibility to urban services.     

Composition,abundance, distribution and seasonality of larval fishes in the shallow nearshore of the proposed Greater Addo Marine Reserve,Algoa Bay,South Africa

The larval fish assemblage was investigated in the shallow, nearshore region of a proposed marine protected area in eastern Algoa Bay, temperate South Africa, prior to proclamation. Sampling was conducted at six sites along two different depth contours at ∼5 m and ∼15 m to assess shore association. Larvae were collected by means of stepped oblique bongo net tows deployed off a ski-boat, twice per season for 2 years between 2005 and 2007. In total, 6045 larval fishes were collected representing 32 families and 78 species. The Gobiidae, Cynoglossidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Sparidae were the dominant fish families. Catches varied significantly among seasons peaking in spring with a mean of ∼200 larvae/100 m³. Mean overall larval density was higher along the deeper contour, at ∼15 m (40 larvae/100 m³). The preflexion stage of development dominated catches at the ∼5 m (80%) and ∼15 m (73%) depth contours. Body lengths of Argyrosomus thorpei, Caffrogobius gilchristi, Diplodus capensis, Heteromycteris capensis and Solea turbynei, all estuary associated species, were larger at the shallow sites nearer to shore. Larvae of coastal species that produce benthic eggs dominated catches (75%) in the shallow sites (∼5 m) but were less abundant (32%) farther from shore at the deeper (∼15 m) sites. All developmental stages of D. capensis, Engraulis capensis, H. capensis, Sardinops sagax and two Pomadasys species were found in the study area. It appears that some species use the shallow nearshore as a nursery area.     

1990—2020年中国能源开采和加工场地多源数据综合制图与时空变化分析

由于当前缺乏有效的能源开采和加工场地精细化遥感探测方法和高精度的数据产品,全国尺度的能源开采和加工场地时空分布规律的认识仍显不足。本研究基于高分辨率遥感影像、土地利用/覆盖数据、网络爬虫数据、OSM地图数据和环境专题数据等信息,发展了基于多源数据融合和专家知识参与获取的能源开采和加工场地遥感识别和精细化制图的技术方法,研发了1990、2000、2010和2020年共4期的中国能源开采和加工场地分布数据产品及2010—2020年场地植被恢复信息数据产品,作为中国土地利用/覆盖变化数据的组成部分（CLUD-Mining）。CLUD-Mining具有较高的质量和可靠性,数据产品平均精度为91.75%;中国能源开采和加工场地开发建设的面积呈现先增长后减少的发展趋势,1990—2010年,面积增长速度从55.22 km²/a上升到95.51 km²/a,而2010—2020年呈现负增长,平均每年减少27.28 km²;此外,2010—2020年场地植被恢复面积达746.76 km²,主要集中在华北区和西南区;中国能源开采和加工场地分布格局逐渐由东部地区向西部地区转移。本研究对提升中国能源开采和加工场地时空分布特征的认识具有重要意义,可为场地污染治理和生态修复提供重要的数据基础。     

利用TM数据提取干旱区土地覆被信息的方法比较

以柴达木盆地香日德绿洲作为研究实验区,对该区域ETM遥感数据经过空间分辨率融合、主成分分析等方法进行空间信息增强及专题信息增强处理,组合最佳视觉背景图像,分别在不同背景图像上选择训练样本,利用最大似然法监督分类方法(MLC)、多空间尺度分层聚类(SSHC)和基于知识的模糊聚类方法(KFC)等分类器,分别用各自训练样本初始化各类别信息特征值,形成类别特征值模式库,分别以此为基础对待分样本进行分类,对初分类的结果经过类别合并、碎斑滤除以及重新编码赋色等分类后处理,得到最终分类结果及分类精度评价结果。从所获数据可以得出如下结论：从总体精度和Kappa值可知,SSHC和．KFC分类方法所获结果精度较高,总体精度比MLC分类结果约高于3％,SSHC之结果精度略高于KFC之结果;SSHC、KFC和MLC三种分类方法对该区域地表覆被信息的提取分类中,SSHC分类方法对耕地、石砾地、河滩和荒漠分类结果较好,KFC分类方法对耕地、沙地、河滩和荒漠分类结果较好,MLC分类方法对耕地、河滩和荒漠分类结果较好,三种分类方法对耕地、河滩和荒漠等三种地类的分类精度较高,用户精度都在80％以上,而对沙地和石砾地的分类结果其用户精度大都低于80％。     

东山湾贝类养殖容量的估算

以初级生产力为基础，应用营养动态模式和沿岸海域能流分析模型，估算东山湾贝类年生产量分别为269331t和295767t，平均282549t。扣除潮间带、潮下带和吊养区浮筏、随着基及延绳上附着的非养殖滤食性附着动物自然现存量35760t，贝类可养殖量为246789t。应用统计分析和逻辑斯谛种群增长模型估计贝类可养面积为11839hm^2，其中缢蛏635hm^2，石蛎1160hm^2,吊蛎1525hm^2，翡翠贻贝633hm^2，菲律宾蛤仔1154hm^2，扇贝698hm^2，江瑶248hm^2，泥蚶601hm^2，巴非蛤4151hm^2，凸壳肌蛤1034hm^2。1998年实际养殖面积和养殖产量分别为10581hm^2和220564t。尚有1258hm^2,26225t的扩大开发潜力。文中还讨论了合理布局和优化养殖结构问题。     

安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略研究

安徽省温泉旅游区以它独有的特色和文化的魅力赢得社会广泛的关注,也吸引更多的人对温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略的研究。阐述了安徽省温泉旅游资源赋存状况,并分析安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略现状。得出如下主要结论:(1)安徽省温泉多数位于隆起的大别山区、长江沿岸的巢湖—和县一带以及皖南地区;(2)产品开发利用层次不一,大多处于中程度利用;(3)温泉相关的旅游区品牌建设与营销策略相对滞后。最后在此基础上,提出现阶段安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略的对策。