Improved Platinum-Group Element Extraction by NiS Fire Assay from Chromitite Ore Samples Using a Flux Containing Sodium Metaphosphate

Many chromite-rich rocks contain relatively high concentrations of the platinum-group elements (PGE). In many cases, the phases carrying PGE occur as either platinum-group minerals (PGM) or as base metal sulfides in solid solution in sulfides. In some cases, such as the UG-2 unit of the Bushveld Complex, the PGM are occluded inside chromite grains. Chromites are notably difficult to dissolve in most fluxes and if the chromite contains some PGM the possibility exists that not all the PGE will be recovered during fusion. In this work, shortcomings in published methods of analysis based on the nickel sulfide fire assay procedure were investigated and a new procedure developed based on the addition of sodium metaphosphate to the fusion mixture. Optimum composition of the fusion mixture was found to be 10 g sodium metaphosphate and 9 g silica to 10 g sample, 15 g sodium carbonate, 30 g lithium tetraborate, 7.5 g nickel and 4.5 g sulfur to achieve complete dissolution of chromite grains. The new flux mixture was evaluated by the analysis of reference material CHR-Pt+ (which is known to contain PGM inside chromite grains) and no undissolved chromite grains were found in the glassy slag. Analysis of the nickel sulfide beads from this fire assay using neutron activation analysis showed similar results for Rh and Ru when compared with published conventional true (or accepted) values, while Au, Ir, Os, Pd and Pt values determined here were 10 to 30% higher than the corresponding published conventional true values. It was concluded that the addition of sodium metaphosphate improved chromite dissolution in the flux and appears to improve PGE recovery.     

金刚石呈色机制的新观点

已知金刚石中能产生颜色的点缺陷(即色心)主要有氮、硼、空穴、填隙子以及各种形式的氮与空穴的复合体。随着各种现代微束与谱学分析技术以及量子化学计算的应用，对金刚石晶格中氮、硼以外的杂质—氢与过渡金属离子的赋存状态的研究，我们发现了新的致色点缺陷：成键氢，镍、钴离子，及其与氮的复合体，从而形成了氢致色与过渡金属离子致色的金刚石呈色机制的新观点。     

甘肃北山大山头铜镍矿化基性-超基性岩成矿潜力研究

为了研究甘肃北山大山头含铜镍硫化物基性、超基性岩的成矿潜力,通过野外调查和室内综合对比研究,取得如下 认识及成果:(1)大山头岩体侵位于前寒武系中深变质碎屑岩与片麻状花岗岩中,为多期次侵位的杂岩体,早期以中细粒辉 长岩岩基为主,晚期为橄榄苏长辉长岩-二辉橄榄岩相基性-超基性岩,岩体分异明显,橄榄二辉岩全岩铜镍矿化(Cu 含量 0.08%~0.46%,Ni 含量 0.2%~0.37% ):(2)岩体常量和微量元素具岛弧基性超基性岩浆特征(例如岩体亏损高场强元素 Nb, Ta,Ti,Hf 及 Y 和 P,富集大离子亲石元素 Ba,Rb,Th,U,K 及 La 等);(3)磁法异常与岩体地表矿化一致,电法结果显示 岩体深部矿化更好(最大磁场强度值 600nT,视极化率(ηs)显示最大值可达 7.5%~12.1%);(4)岩体岩石地球化学特征与金川、 喀拉通克、红旗岭等相似,与甘肃黑山一致。因此,大山头有望成为储量规模不亚于甘肃黑山的铜镍硫化物矿床。     

金川与黑山铜镍硫化物矿对比及找矿预测

分析研究甘肃金川与甘肃肃北黑山铜镍硫化物矿床,认为两者存在明显相似,矿床成因都属岩浆熔离矿床,局部都发现有贯入型特富矿石。根据在两地的实际工作情况,作者对黑山矿田含矿超基性岩体的形成与空间展布规律进行新的研究判断。     

金川铜镍硫化物样品中锇同位素比值的高精度分析

采用两种独立的190Os稀释剂、4个不同的化学流程,用等离子体质谱仪、TRITON热表面电离质谱仪和MAT-262固体质谱仪3种质谱仪器,在4个实验室分别对采自金川铜镍硫化物样品的187Os/188Os同位素比值进行分析,样品分析数量达到56个。4个实验室获得的结果分别为0.3356±0.0018(n=12,2s)、0.3363±0.0008(n=6,2s)、0.3363±0.0010(n=18,2s)和0.3353±0.0034(n=20,2s)。采用ISOPLOT软件对所得56个数据进行加权平均计算,得到187Os/188Os同位素比值为0.33602±0.00022(置信度95%)。两台TRITON热表面电离质谱仪测量的结果几乎完全一致,且精度高于MAT-262固体质谱仪和等离子体质谱仪。比较了碱熔和Carius管两种溶样方法,结果表明,对于所研究的样品,用Carius管溶矿方式可以将含锇矿物完全溶解。     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS IN JINCHUAN SUPER-LARGE SULFIDE COPPER-NICKEL DEPOSIT, JINCHANG CITY, GANSU PROVINCE, CHINA

The platinum-group element geochemistry of rocks and ores from Jinchuan super-large copper-nickel sulfide deposit is systemically studied in this paper. The Cu/Pd mean ratio of Jinchuan intrusion is lower than that of original mantle magma, which indicates that these ultrabasic rocks were crystallized from magma that lost Pd in the form of melting segregation of sulfides. The PGE of the rocks show trend of partial melting, similar to that of mantle peridotite, which shows that magma formation occurs during rock-forming and ore-forming processes. The chondrite normalized PGE patterns of the rocks and ores are well related to each other, which signifies the signatures of multi-episode magmatic intrusion, melting and differentiation in the formation processes of rocks and ores. In addition, analyses about the relation between PGE and S, and study on Re-Os isotopes indicate that few contamination of the crustal substances occurred during the magmatic intrusion and the formation of deposit. However, contamination by crustal substances helps to supply part of the S for the enrichment of PGE. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal process is also advantageous for the enrichment of PGE, especially lbr Pt and Pd, due to deep melting segregation. The characteristic parameters （such as Pt/（Pt＋Pd）, （Pt＋Pd）/（Ru＋Ir＋Os）, Pd/Ir, Cu/（Ni＋Cu）, and so on.） for platinum-group elements for Jinchuan sulfide copper-nickel deposit show the same features as those for sulfide copper-nickel deposit related to basic magma, which also illustrates its original magma property representative of Mg-high tholeiite. Therefore, it is the marie （not ultramafic） magma that resulted in the formation of the superlarge sulfide copper-nickel deposit enriched in Cu and PGE. To sum up, the geochemical characteristics of platinum-group elements in rocks and ores from Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide deposit are constrained by the continental rift tectonic environment, the parent magma features, the enriched mantel magma source, the complex metallogenesis and PGE geochemical signatures, and this would be rather significant for the study about the genetic mechanism of copper-nickel sulfide deposits.     

内蒙古阿右旗低品位镍矿石可选性试验研究

该试验对低品位镍矿进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明：采用一段磨矿、细度-0．074mm 85％、先反浮选脱泥、脱泥后的尾矿进行粗选,两次粗扫选、三次精选流程;浮选药剂采用碳酸钠、2^#油、CMC、硫酸铜、丁基黄药、J-622;试验指标为：原矿镍品位0．18％、浮选精矿镍品位3．15％、浮选尾矿品位0．11％、反浮选产品镍品位0．19％、精矿镍回收率39．17％。该研究结果为该矿石的可选性评价提供了技术依据。     

力马河镍矿Re-Os同位素研究

四川力马河镍矿是峨眉山大火成岩省一个重要的岩浆硫化物矿床。本文通过对其主要岩、矿石类型Re、Os及其同位素组成的分析,综合探讨了成矿岩体原始岩浆性质、矿石硫化物成因、成矿机制及Re-Os同位素等时线年龄。结果表明,力马河镍矿不同类型岩矿石样品初始Os同位素组成是不均一的,富硫化物的网脉状矿石及其选纯硫化物Os同位素组成初值差异较小,其等时线年龄为265±35 Ma、与岩体锆石SHRIMP年龄263±3 Ma基本相当;硫化物含量较低的岩、矿石样品间初始Os同位素组成差异较大,其表观等时线年龄大于成矿年龄。分析认为,岩矿样品初始Os同位素组成的不均一是由含较高放射成因187Os丰度的硫化物熔体和含较低放射成因187Os丰度的硅酸盐熔体不同比例混合造成的。混合模型分析表明,硫化物含量超过30％的矿石样品初始187Os/188Os基本接近,硫化物含量低于30％的岩矿石样品初始187Os/188Os随硫化物含量上的不同差异很大,为岩浆硫化物矿床Re-Os等时线年龄可能出现多组年龄解的现象提供了一种可能的解释。成矿岩体中含放射成因187Os丰度最低的岩石样品γOs（t=260Ma）在5左右、Cu/Pd比值在7000左右,表明是基本没有受到地壳混染及硫化物熔离影响的原始岩浆结晶分异产物,估计原始岩浆Os含量在1×10－9左右,为苦橄质岩浆。矿石硫化物Re/Os比值显著高于任何赋矿橄榄岩,γOs（t=260Ma）高达110左右,综合分析揭示了力马河镍矿硫化物为二次熔离成因,模式分析认为,矿石硫化物是由原始岩浆经历R=2000左右的硫化物熔离后、其亏损岩浆再经R=200左右的硫化物熔离形成,与二次熔离相对应,成矿岩浆也经历了两次混染作用,分别为上、下地壳7％左右的混染。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定红土镍矿石中镍铬镁铝钴

选用王水、氢氟酸、高氯酸、盐酸对红土镍矿石样品进行溶样试验,结果表明采用王水溶解,氢氟酸助溶,高氯酸冒烟除去氢氟酸的溶样方法较好;用盐酸溶解盐类,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定溶液中镍、铬、镁、铝、钴元素,对目标元素进行了光谱干扰考察,选择了合适的分析谱线,结果表明铁会使目标元素谱线背景强度增高,采用在混合标准溶液中加入与样品中含量相当的铁可以消除基体干扰;除铬元素外其他目标元素加标回收率在96.83%～105.23%,相对标准偏差小于3.3%。建立的方法应用于标准样品分析,除铬元素外的其他元素测定值与标准值吻合较好。铬元素回收率较低,有待进一步研究。