辐射井疏干技术在露天矿地下水疏干中的应用研究

现有的井群疏干、地下巷道集中排水、地表地下联合疏干方法都已比较成熟有效,但当矿区的地下水系统由非均质各向异性、低渗透性含水介质组成时,井群疏干受到低渗透性含水层和高倾角裂隙的制约,无法达到良好的疏干效果。地下巷道集中排水方法一次性工程投入很大,含水层富水性极度不均时易造成许多不必要的浪费;地表地下联合疏干方法的地面部分对矿坑边坡安全和采场作业都会造成一定的影响。结合马钢集团南山矿业公司高村露天铁矿的地下水疏干技术研究专项,调查分析了矿区地质和水文地质条件,含水介质特点及含水层富水特征,借助GMS软件建立了高村矿区地下水水流模型,提出了辐射井疏干技术的设想,并依据前人提出的＂渗流-管流耦合模型＂模拟辐射井,完成了此类矿山的地下水辐射井疏干方法的初步研究。     

煤矿井充水特征及多方法预测矿坑涌水量

评价矿井充水特征和预测矿井涌水量是煤矿床水文地质勘查中一项重要和复杂的工作,不同矿区呈现出不同的水文地质特征,单方法预测矿坑涌水量风险较大,与实际出入甚远,应深入分析水文地质条件和矿床充水的各项因子,采用多方法预测矿坑涌水量。以云南省镇雄县坪上兴隆煤矿为例,分析研究水文地质条件和矿井充水特征,分别采用比拟法、地下水动力学法和回归分析法预测矿坑涌水量,为兴隆煤矿提供安全生产参考,也为矿区水资源开发和水环境保护提供依据。     

自然泥石流与矿渣泥石流复合效应与防治对策

石棉县后沟是一条典型的自然泥石流和矿渣泥石流并存的泥石流沟。本文以石棉后沟为例,结合早期自然泥石流、矿产开采以来矿渣泥石流、以及2013年7 4复合型泥石流,总结了自然泥石流和矿渣泥石流的复合效应,包括泥石流物源补给的多元效应、泥石流发展演化的逆转效应、泥石流起动发生的复杂效应、泥石流动力沿程的放大效应、泥石流致灾破坏的链式效应。对照泥石流对已建防治工程的破坏,提出了自然泥石流和矿渣泥石流复合型泥石流沟防治对策,建议充分利用起动位置和物源集中补给位置的差异,加强对中上游及支沟自然泥石流起动和运动的拦挡防治,最大限度减小自然泥石流对下游矿渣防护工程的基底侵蚀和冲击破坏,从而保障综合防治工程的有效性。     

Controlling Factors,Accumulation Model and Target Zone Prediction of the Coal‐bed Methane in the Huanghebei Coalfield,North China

The Huanghebei Coalfield, one of the coal production bases in North China, was considered as a coalfield without coal‐bed methane (CBM) during past decades. In recent years, however, CBM has been discovered in coal‐bearing successions. In order to understand the CBM geological characteristics and accumulation process in this area, fifteen coal samples were collected and analyzed with respect to coal maceral and reflectance. The result shows that the gas distribution is uneven and the content varies in different areas even for the same coal bed. The storage of CBM is affected by geological factors such as burial depth, geological structures, and magmatic intrusion, among which the former two are more important in the formation of CBM. Deep burial of coal beds with the presence of cap‐rock mudstone can seal CBM. The CBM is also accumulated and preserved at the place where normal faults are distributed. Magmatic intrusion causes contact metamorphism and controls the CBM formation by heating the coal‐bearing successions. The obtained data indicate the geological conditions in northeastern Zhaoguan Mine are preferable for CBM formation and conservation; recent exploration estimates the CBM geological reserves up to 282.16 Mm³ and average of reserve abundance at 0.1662 × 10⁸ m³ km^?2. The Changqing Mine is a potential prospect in terms of CBM exploration since its geological conditions (structures and burial depth) are similar to the Zhaoguan Mine and its cap rock is even better.     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床2号矿体铂族及亲铜元素地球化学特征

系统分析了金川Ⅱ号岩体中2号矿体西端、中部和东端的硫化物矿石中的铂族元素(PGE)和亲铜元素地球化学特征,以期探讨这些元素的空间变化规律及其成因,以及对金川矿床成矿过程的指示意义。研究结果表明:100%硫化物中,PGE(Ir、Ru、Rh、Pt、Pd)总体从西端到东端逐渐降低,且浸染状矿石和海绵陨铁状矿石的100%硫化物中PGE和亲铜元素含量的变化特征相似。表明金川2号矿体硫化物矿石的PGE和亲铜元素的含量主要受硫化物熔离作用的约束,硫化物熔体分离结晶和后期热液蚀变影响不明显。2号矿体浸染状矿石的100%硫化物中,PGE和亲铜元素含量总体低于1号矿体浸染状矿石的含量,但是前者西端的样品与后者东端的样品,上述元素特征相似,暗示二者是同一岩浆通道系统中硫化物熔离的产物,并且硫化物熔离形成2号矿体时具有比1号矿体低的R值,这也暗示了含矿岩浆是自1号矿体向2号矿体流动的。     

莱芜市矿山排水对地质环境的影响分析

莱芜市煤炭和铁矿资源丰富,开采历史悠久,矿山排水量较大。煤矿矿坑水中SO42-、总硬度、矿化度、F-等组分较高,对地下水水化学场构成影响,矿区附近SO42-含量大于300 mg/L的孔隙水分布面积9.98 km2。铁矿排水具有高强度、大降深、强烈疏干的特征,导致矿山背斜东翼已形成水位降落漏斗,其中水位标高120 m的漏斗面积达27.5 km2,由于矿坑排水加之水源开采,1973年以来赵庄、孟家庄、西泉河地段共发生岩溶塌陷220处,塌陷总面积8 880 m2。     

济南张马屯铁矿帷幕注浆堵水工程简介

济南张马屯铁矿安全生产30年,其根本保证是通过帷幕注浆建立起了一条长效稳定的地下“拦水大坝”。该技术不仅具有极高的安全效益和经济效益,同时具有保护地下水资源的社会效益。该项技术适用范围广、工艺成熟、易于实施,应该作为深井大水矿山地下水治理的主要技术方法予以推广应用。     

Hydrogeological problems for the rehabilitation and re-utilisation of the water resources of the mining area of Gavorrano (Italy)

The paper describes the hydrogeological problems linked to the rehabilitation and re-utilisation of the water resources of the mining area of Gavorrano (Tuscany, Italy). It shows how the geological settings of the area control the water quality, chemistry and discharge. The results of the studies and the recent situations concerning circulation, quality and discharge of the mine water are reported, with particular reference to the effects of the controlled water rebound and the complex measures necessary for the dewatering stoppage. Water rebound is analysed on the basis of available historical and recent data for its hydrodynamic influence and the consequences on water resources restoration. Different uses and possible actions are proposed, taking into account thermal, chemical and discharge characteristics as well as local planning objectives.     

用卫星高光谱数据提取德兴铜矿区植被污染信息

在深入分析研究德兴铜矿矿区植被光谱特征的基础上,利用美国EO-1卫星Hyperion高光谱数据,通过反演表征植物生理状态的光谱特征参数(红边位置和最大吸收深度)变异,提取与污染相关的信息,获取了矿山植被污染生态效应概况,为矿山污染的诊断和监测提供新技术和知识支撑。     

陕北风沙区大保当煤矿开采的生态影响分析

陕北风沙区位于毛乌素沙地东南缘,是毛乌素沙地向黄土高原的过渡地带,自然环境十分脆弱。本文通过对陕北风沙区大保当井田进行实地调查研究,结合遥感影像,运用图形叠置法、类比分析法和生态机理法分析了在该地区进行煤矿开采对当地自然植被、野生动物以及神木臭柏自然保护区的影响,并提出相应的生态保护措施。