吉林省西部湿地土地利用格局变化的多情景模拟

吉林省西部属于生态脆弱区,湿地作为重要的生态单元,其发展变化对区域生态环境产生重要影响。近年来,由于受到较多的人为干扰,该区域湿地变化极为显著。为了充分发挥湿地生态环境功能,促进区域生态环境改善,以吉林省西部2000-2010年湿地变化数据为基础,基于情景分析法设置了自然变化（情景1）、规划优先（情景2）和生态优先（情景3）三种情景,利用CLUE-S模型对2020年湿地空间格局进行模拟,并从湿地空间分布变化特征和景观抗干扰能力两个方面对不同情景下的湿地格局进行分析评价,旨在了解不同情景下湿地格局的差异性,寻求合理的湿地空间分布格局。结果表明：CLUE-S模型的土地利用预测正确率为84.54%,κ指数为0.83,能够较好地模拟2020年湿地格局变化,特别是对沼泽湿地、水域和建设用地模拟效果较好;不同情景下湿地空间格局特征具有明显的差异性,三种情景下的沼泽湿地的质心均偏向西南,水域的质心均偏向东南,而水田的质心在情景1中偏向东北,在情景2和情景3中偏南,沼泽湿地和水田在情景3比情景1中具有更强的聚集性,而水域恰相反,情景1比情景3中具有更强的聚集性;不同情景下的湿地景观抗干扰能力不同,2010-2020年,情景1中的所有湿地类型的景观干扰指数都逐渐增加,而情景2和情景3中沼泽湿地和水域的景观干扰指数逐渐降低,尤以生态优先情景的下降幅度最大。表明在实施科学的生态建设时,湿地景观具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

吉林省红旗岭矿区铜镍硫化物矿床成矿规律、矿床成因、找矿标志

红旗岭镍矿区是我国岩浆岩型铜镍硫化矿床的主要矿化集中区之一,在本区内出露的镁铁-超镁铁质岩所划分的3个岩带中,有的岩体含铜镍矿,有的不含矿.通过近期在区内开展的全国危机矿山找矿中所形成的资料及从构造控岩控矿、岩性控矿、成矿与岩石类型的关系进行对比,对区内镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的综合找矿标志进行总结,为今后在区内寻找隐伏岩体及其含矿性的评价提供一定的理论依据.     

Changing rural development inequality in Jilin Province, Northeast China

Rural development inequality is an important practical issue during the course of full establishment of a ′moderately well-off society′ in modern China,and the objective understanding and evaluation of the status and regional inequality of rural development can provide scientific basis for ′building a new countryside′ and coordination development of rural-urban regions.Based on the county-level data of 2000,2005 and 2009,this paper examines the rural development inequality of Jilin Province in Northeast China by establishing a rural development index.The spatio-temporal dynamic patterns and domain factors are discussed by using the method of exploratory spatial data analysis and multi-regression model.The results are shown as follows.Firstly,most of the counties were in lower development level,which accounted for 58.3%,62.5% and 66.7% of the total counties in 2000,2005 and 2009,respectively.The characteristics of spatial inequality were very obvious at county level.For example,rural development level of Changchun Proper and the proper of seven prefecture-level cities were much higher than that of the surrounding regions.The counties in the eastern and northern Jilin Province were the lowest regions of rural development level,while the middle counties were the rapid growth areas in rural economy.Secondly,Moran′s I of rural development index(RDI) was 0.01,–0.16 and –0.06 in 2000,2005 and 2009,respectively,which indicated that spatial agglomeration of RDI was not obvious in Jilin Province,and took on the characteristic of random distribution.The counties of both the units and its adjacent units have higher development level(HH) were transferred from the western areas to the eastern areas,while the countries of both the units and its adjacent units have lower development level(LL) were diffused from the eastern to middle and western Jilin Province.Finally,the result of multi-regression analysis showed that the improvement of agricultural production condition,development of agricultural economics and the adjustment of industrial structure were the domain factors affecting rural development inequality of Jilin Province in the later ten years.     

吉林省雨凇气候特征及其天气分型

利用1980-2007年吉林省11个气象观测站常规观测资料,采用统计分析的方法,对共计100次雨凇天气的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：吉林省雨凇天气南多北少,丘陵地带及长白山脉的迎风坡一带为雨凇的频发区。雨凇多发于冬初和初春,并且雨凇出现几率在减少。吉林省的雨凇天气的温度层结结构与中国南方省市雨凇的情况存在较大差异：吉林省雨凇天气并不存在融化层和逆温层等结构。通过对地面形势的分析,将雨凇天气分为低压后部型、高压前部型、低压南部型和低压型。它们的共同点是高空均有较深厚的后倾槽移过吉林省,温度槽落后于高度槽;近地面层先升温后降温,850 hPa相对湿度为70 %左右,而地面相对湿度均可达到80 %或以上。强雨凇天气主要发生在东南部地区,强雨凇天气出现时的地面及高空形势与一般的雨凇天气发生时的形势基本相似,但850 hPa和地面的相对湿度比一般情况偏大10 %左右。     

吉林省产业发展与能源消费实证研究

在吉林省经济能源发展特征分析基础上,利用协整理论、指数分解法和线性对数函数分析了吉林省2000-2011 年能源消费和经济增长之间的关系。结果表明：① 能源消费与经济增长存在一种长期因果关系,每增加1 亿元GDP就要消费1.758 万t 标准煤,表明吉林省的经济发展属于能源依赖型;② 如果其他因素不变,1979-2011 年吉林省累计的5390.05 万t 标准煤的能源消费量实际增长中,单纯经济总产出变化带来的增加量为6518.135 万t 标准煤;单纯产业结构变化引起的增加量为1895.739 万t 标准煤;单纯产业能源强度变化引起的减少量为3023.82万t 标准煤;③ 2000-2011 年吉林省能源消费强度相对指数分解结果可以看出,以2000 年作为基年,2011 年的能源强度为2000 年的88%,效率指数和结构指数分别为2000 年的72%和121%。④ 从产业结构变动与能源消费强度的关系来看,总能源消费强度的变动与所有的结构因素都是相关的;煤炭消费强度对工业结构变化最为敏感;石油消费强度的结构因素多于煤炭;电力消费强度的变动与所有的结构因素都是相关的。⑤ 就结构变动的影响程度来看,农业比重下降有助于综合能源消费强度、煤炭消费强度、电力消费强度的降低。农业比重变化对综合能源消费强度和电力消费强度影响大于第三产业和第二产业比重变化对这两者能源消费强度的影响。对于煤炭消费强度、天然气消费强度的影响作用最强的产业是工业,石油消费强度与批发零售、交通运输和工业结构变化有关。     

Discussion on Middle Jurassic metallogenic mechanism of Au-Mo polymetallic hydrothermal deposits in eastern Jilin

In the Middle Jurassic,a large-scale tectonic-magmatic activities and hydrothermal mineralization occurred in the eastern Jilin province.The deposit types consist of the orogenic gold deposit,porphyry molybdenum deposit and skarn gold deposit,etc.,which constitute regional hydrothermal metallogenic series.The magmatic bodies related to mineralization belong to calc-alkaline series,which are characterized by active continental margins.The above-mentioned different types of deposits formed in a uniform tectonic setting,which resulted from the combined processes between the subduction of Pacific plate under the Eurasia plate and the persistent post-collisional convergent forces between the North China plate and the Siberian plate.The mineralizations were happening in the deceleration period,after which Paleo-Pacific plate was strongly subducted under the Eurasia continental block,i.e.transition period from compression to extension.     

吉林敦化-尚志地区重力调查成矿远景预测

根据1：20万区域重力调查工作成果,以重力场特征解释推断构造控岩、控矿基本规律.通过研究矿床（点）分布与重力场关系,划分内生金属矿产成矿远景预测区9处,含煤远景预测区3处,例举铁及多金属3处,含煤远景1处.建议在这些远景区开展高精度地磁及可供源法和瞬变电磁法工作,探讨深层矿体形态及空间展布规律.     

应用环境同位素分析吉林市松花江水与地下水的联系

水的环境同位素可以用来研究地下水的来源、地表水和地下水的关系,进而间接判断水质的相互影响.通过松花江吉林市江段两条剖面的氘、氚、氧同位素特征分析,结合水化学及水文地质条件,阐明了吉林市地下水来源以现代当地大气降水为主,仅在市区部分江段500 m范围之内受松花江水影响,并计算了该段江水对地下水的补给比例.为判断当地突发性水污染事件对地下水的影响范围及污染防治提供了依据.     

Climate Change and Its Impacts on Grain Production in Jilin Province

 The climate observation data, reanalysis data, and grain/soybean yields per unit area were used to analyze and interpret the impact of climate change on grain production. The results show that Jilin Province was located in a remarkable increase area of temperature during the growing season (May-September) from 1948 in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The mid-west and south of Jilin Province and Liaoning Province were located in a clear linear decrease tendency area of annual precipitation, wherein a warm/dry tendency of climate change dominated, while the east of Jilin Province lay in a clear linear decrease tendency area of annual precipitation. The climate warming played an important role in continuous increase in the grain yield per unit area since the1980's in the main grain production areas of Jilin Province, however, from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, the beneficial effect seemed to be not obvious any longer, the grain yield per unit area fluctuated with annual precipitation.     

吉林省蛟河市新安屯钨钼矿流体包裹体、氢氧同位素及成矿时代研究

吉林省蛟河市新安屯钨钼矿位于小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带内,矿体呈细脉侵染状产于似斑状花岗闪长岩内,严格受北东向压扭性断裂构造控制。本文系统阐述了新安屯钨钼矿的区域地质背景、成矿地质特征,重点开展了流体包裹体、氢氧同位素及成矿时代等方面研究。结果表明,矿床成矿期流体均一温度180～235℃,流体盐度3.23～13.82%,密度0.875～0.975 g/cm3,成矿深度0.05～1.1km;成矿流体中δ18O为9.0～9.8‰,δD为-106.2‰～-116.3‰;采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法获得含矿似斑状花岗闪长岩成岩年龄为195.4±1.2Ma;通过辉钼矿Re-Os 同位素法获得成矿年龄为180.5±3.9Ma。综合分析认为,该矿床成矿物质来自壳源,矿床类型属于断裂构造控制的浅成中低温岩浆热液型,成矿时代为早侏罗世,属于太平洋板块俯冲作用下的活动大陆边缘构造环境下的产物。