台湾岛以东海域束毛藻种群的组成与分布

分别对1996年5月和1997年7月台湾岛以东黑潮及邻近海域51个采样站位的87份网采浮游植物进行了分析,总结了束毛藻种群的物种构成和丰度分布特征,并初步探讨了水动力条件、温盐、营养盐及其他元素对束毛藻生长及分布的影响.结果表明,调查区的束毛藻种群由铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)、汉氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium hildebrandtii)和红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)组成,前者分布最为普遍,检出率100%,丰度最大.1996年5月束毛藻平均藻丝体密度为44.55伊102 filaments/m3,铁氏束毛藻占91%,在吕宋海峡密集,总体呈现西南高,东北低的分布态势.1997年7月束毛藻平均藻丝体密度为152.72伊102 filaments/m3,铁氏束毛藻占99%,除吕宋海峡外,台湾东北部海域为次高值区,总体呈现西南高,中部和东部低的分布态势.较之邻近海区结果,台湾岛以东黑潮及邻近海域的束毛藻平均藻丝体密度高于太平洋赤道热带海域、南黄海和东海陆架区、东海产卵场,低于台湾海峡西侧20 m 以浅和东海低氧区.在台湾岛以东海域,束毛藻的丰度分布由其特定的地理位置和黑潮流向所决定,高温高盐的黑潮水系利于束毛藻的增殖,束毛藻的丰度分布与 Fe、P 等化学因子的关系有待进一步寻找证据.     

垂向悬沙扩散与近岸挟沙力理论研究

根据垂向二维悬沙扩散方程和谢才公式,假定泥沙垂向扩散系数为常数或为水深和摩阻流速的函数时,从理论上推导得到一个新的不仅适用一般水域,也适用于高含沙水域的挟沙力公式。公式一阶近似形式上与近岸海域常用的刘家驹公式相一致也不显含泥沙沉速,从理论上证明了刘家驹公式的合理性,说明其经验公式在理论上也成立。对更高阶近似,公式显含泥沙沉速,与维利卡诺夫以及张瑞瑾等挟沙力公式相一致,说明了张瑞瑾公式的合理性。分析了导出的公式的物理意义以及与刘家驹公式和张瑞瑾公式的异同。新的挟沙力公式也表明挟沙力公式的近似应是流速平方的多项式,选择低阶项作为近似会有一定的误差。     

梨树断陷断陷期小宽断裂带构造应力场数值模拟

在小宽断裂带构造解析基础之上,根据地质资料以及前人提供的岩石物理学参数建立了梨树断陷区的二维地质和数值模型。进行了构造应力场数值模拟,分析了梨树断陷小宽断裂带断陷期小宽断裂带断陷期在沙河子期(K1sh)、营城期(K1yc)、登楼库期(K1d)的构造应力场特征。模拟结果显示：(1)沙河子期在左旋走滑应力状态下,小宽断裂带处于近NE—SW方向的拉张应力状态,剪应力在沿着断裂带SW—NE走向逐渐减小; (2)营城期在右旋走滑的应力状态下,小宽断裂带处于近NW—SE向的拉张力状态,剪应力最大值位于断裂带的最中间部位;(3)登楼库期在左旋走滑的应力状态下,断裂带处于SWW—NEE向的张拉应力状态,剪应力最大值位于断裂带西南段。     

基于精细数据处理的叠前深度偏移在琼东南盆地陵水凹陷坡折区的应用

琼东南盆地陵水凹陷,受坡折区崎岖海底和复杂地质构造的影响,导致该地区速度模型构建精度不高,从而严重影响到成像品质。针对坡折区的精确速度模型构建难题,首先采用组合多次波衰减、宽频处理、叠前信噪比增强等针对性处理技术,得到宽频带高信噪比的叠前数据,在此基础上统计分析不同水深速度规律,应用断控和地质约束速度建模技术,建立初始速度模型,然后利用基于宽频数据的高分辨断控约束网格层析反演技术,经过多次迭代完成深度域各向异性速度建模,并实现了陵水凹陷坡折区的高精度叠前深度偏移成像。叠前深度偏移成像显示,基于精细速度模型的叠前深度偏移技术科明显提高坡折区信噪比,改善成像质量,同时可有效消除地层同相轴扭曲的现象,恢复了地下地层的真实构造形态,从而可为目标评价与钻探决策提供更可靠地震资料。     

威海沿岸海域潮汐特征分析

文章主要选取国家海洋局成山头海洋环境监测站1996—2016年的潮位、潮差月值资料,利用线性回归法,对威海沿岸海域近21年来的潮汐特征进行分析。结果表明:威海沿岸海域近21年的平均潮位、最高潮位、最低潮位、平均潮差、最大潮差整体上均呈上升的变化趋势,但气候倾向率各不相同,分别是2.57cm/(10a)、5.872cm/(10a)、4.137cm/(10a)、1.017cm/(10a)、2.604cm/(10a)。     

下扬子区下古生界油气有利勘探区带探讨

下扬子区下古生界具有良好的油气地质条件,具备形成大型油气藏的物质基础,但一直未获得油气勘探的突破。本文通过地质、地球物理综合解释,结合部分地质露头、钻井资料及上扬子勘探成果,重点对下扬子区下古生界构造地质特征与油气地质条件等开展了综合分析研究。从构造沉积充填角度将下扬子区分为4个二级构造单元,中部地区的无锡-黄山断隆带构造相对稳定,分析认为其西北部的无锡-黄桥低褶带为油气勘探的有利区带,具有形成下古生界弱改造型油气藏的勘探前景。     

黑潮流域海温适应性观测敏感区诊断方法研究

敏感区诊断是适应性观测的关键问题,集合变换卡尔曼方法(EnsembleTransformKalmanFilter,ETKF)是目前主要的诊断方法之一。将集合变换卡尔曼方法应用于海洋环境适应性观测,根据ROMS海洋模式数据构建海表温度集合预报,以黑潮流域宫古海峡附近海域为验证区进行敏感区诊断计算,分析不同间隔时间条件下敏感区分布情况,结合模拟系统观测试验验证在敏感区进行适应性观测对预报质量的提升效果。结果表明,在诊断所得敏感区内添加观测能够提升预报质量;随时间间隔增大,敏感区向上游区域平移且预报质量提升效果减小;与在验证区整体添加观测相比,敏感区观测对预报质量提升效果基本相同并且观测成本明显减少。     

南黄海辐射沙脊群西洋水道污水输移扩散研究

采用沿深平均二维数值模型对南黄海辐射沙脊群西洋海域的潮流场和物质扩散场进行了模拟,计算和分析了大潮情况下海域5 m、7 m和10 m 3种水深(理论基准面下)排放位置处达标污水输移扩散的范围及分布规律。结果表明,污水排入海后,会很快被稀释,各排放位置200和500稀释度等值线包络面积均较小,且包络面积随水深增加有明显变小的规律。拟合了不同污水排放量对应的200和500稀释倍数包络面积,发现两者呈良好的幂级数关系。     

Flexibility in temporary fisheries closure legislation is required to maximise success

Temporary closures have been used for centuries in many parts of the world as a tool for fisheries management and restoration. The length of time that a closure is in place can play a determinative role in the effectiveness of the closure as a means of restoring stock biomass and diversity. For species that are slow growing and slow to reproduce, closures shorter than a decade are unlikely to be sufficient for the effects of restoration to accrue. New Zealand has two legislative mechanisms specifically designed to establish temporary closures: sections 186A and 186B of the Fisheries Act 1996. These provisions were created to respond to localised depletion and to provide for the use and management practices of Māori (New Zealand’s Indigenous People). There is currently a two-year time limit on temporary closures applied for by the community. By defining a time limit for temporary closures legislators have failed to account for the ecology of many of the species targeted for protection that require longer periods of protection for restoration. Furthermore, the way in which the final decision making power is vested with central government is also inconsistent with the original purpose of the provisions. An amendment to the temporary closure provisions is suggested to provide greater flexibility for users and to better recognise the non-commercial fishing rights provided for by the Fisheries Act 1996, of local communities seeking to apply this tool.     

High parallelization efficiency in barotropic-mode computation of ocean models based on multi-grid boundary ghost area

In general, barotropic-mode computation requires the largest communication time in ocean models because of its iterative nature, when parallel computation is performed based on regional partitioning. In this study, reduction in the overhead time included in the communication in the parallel computation of the barotropic mode is considered to achieve a high parallelization efficiency of ocean models. We verify that the reduction in the communication frequency based on the multi-grid boundary ghost area reduces the total communication time. We find that this is because the sum of several kinds of overhead time for communication occupies a fairly large part of the total communication time. We discuss the trade-off between the decrease in communication time and the increase in computation time due to increased boundary area in such cases, leading to a determination of a suitable width of the multi-grid boundary that minimizes the total required time. We also discuss the efficiencies of the one- and two-dimensional partitioning of the model domain, when a multi-grid boundary is used. In general, two-dimensional partitioning is more efficient than one-dimensional for large partitioning numbers.