近30年来江苏省滨海湿地变化过程及其受围垦活动的影响

基于1985—2015年Landsat TM遥感影响数据,提取江苏省典型岸段滨海湿地信息,对滨海湿地类型、面积的变化过程进行研究,并分析了围垦活动对这一过程的影响。结果表明:围垦在近20年达到高峰期,连云港、盐城和南通岸段的滨海湿地在近30年间分别减少了53.15%、71.60%和71.40%。连云港岸段原生植被型湿地逐渐减少,茅草、芦苇湿地在2000年后完全消失;盐城岸段原生植被型湿地在1985—1995年间持续增加,且各植被类型比率趋于均衡,而在1995年后则转变为米草湿地占绝对优势;南通岸段湿地总面积在2000年后迅速下降,高比例的米草湿地是该岸段滨海湿地的主要特征,但到2015年几乎退化成纯光滩湿地。连云港岸段以海域围垦为主要特征,2005—2010年达到围垦高峰;盐城岸段则在1995—2000年的围垦高峰后,原生植被型湿地的围垦比率锐减,米草湿地的围垦比率增至90.51%;南通岸段以米草湿地围垦为主要特征,围垦强度在1985—2010年持续增加,2005年后米草湿地的围垦强度减小,海域围垦比例逐渐升高。     

苏北超基性岩某些超高压变质特征

苏北芝麻坊超基性岩体,位于大别—苏鲁超高压变质带东段的核心部位,与基性榴辉岩紧密伴生,是苏北最具代表性的岩体之一。根据多年来的成果资料,研究它的超高压变质特征,对研究整个苏鲁超高压变质带具有重大意义。对岩体的形态特征、岩相学特征、特别是矿物学特征,如镁铝榴石特征的研究,结合金刚石的选出,都有力的证实苏北超基性岩是在超高压变质环境下生成的,同时也反映其是由华北地块与扬子地块俯冲碰撞而从地壳深处挤压上来的幔源物质。     

句容甲山膨润土矿的地质特征和成因探讨

研究了句容甲山膨润土矿的矿床地质特征,发现地层上覆下白垩统碱性流纹岩,矿石呈黄绿色、粉红色、灰白色和肉红色等多种颜色,局部保留有原岩的角砾结构,并观察到含有风化残余的粗面岩团块和因断层滑移形成的断层角砾。X射线衍射（XRD）分析发现不同颜色矿石的矿物组成差异很大,通过扫描电子显微镜观察到岩石风化现象和伴生的次生矿物类型。研究表明,该矿属于火山熔岩风化残积型膨润土矿床,在开发过程中应进行分类开发或进行深加工处理,可提高开发效益。     

江苏镇江韦岗铁矿区深部找矿前景分析

镇江韦岗铁矿是一个已经勘查开发数十年的老矿山,目前保有资源储量保证程度已达严重危机。分析矿区成矿地质条件和矿床特征,铁矿体主要分布在碳酸盐岩层与中酸性侵入岩的接触带上,铁矿体普遍磁性强,且在地表形成一定规模的磁异常,梯度北陡南缓,向南有规则地递减呈梯形散开,说明矿体有一定的延伸。深部已施工的见矿钻孔和井中磁测异常对应,反映矿区深部-200m～-800m找矿前景良好。     

江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率

Coastal salt-marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. The total area of coastal wetlands exceeds 5000 km2 in Jiangsu Province, China, but it is decreasing rapidly in response to the intense reclamation activities and coastal erosion along a part of the coastline. Hence, two types of plants, Spartina angelica and Spartina alterniflora, were introduced successively into the Jiangsu coastal areas, in order to protect the coastline from erosion and to increase the accumulation rate. Pb-210 and Cs-137 analyses were carried out for sediment samples from the salt-marshes of Wanggang to determine the sedimentation rate, on the basis of an evaluation of the background activity values and the factors affecting the enrichment of Pb-210. Analysis of a typical sediment column of the tidal flat shows that there is weak absorption of Pb-210 in the silt-dominated sediment. Because of the influences of factors such as storm events, bioturbation, material sources and analytical error, some abnormal data points appear in the Pb-210 record. After ignoring these data the calculated sedimentation rate was 3.3 cm yr-1 on average. Based upon analysis of the Cs-137 dating, the rate since 1963 was 3.1 cm yr-1 on average, similar to the data by Pb-210 dating and the previous studies. The dating results show that there were three stages of sedimentation, with the most rapid accretion being taking place after Spartina angelica was introduced into the area. The study also shows that at the stage of Spartina alterniflora growth, the accretion rate was higher than on the flat surface with the same elevation without the cover of this plant.     

苏北地区代表性森林土壤理化特性的比较研究

在苏北地区5种代表性森林植被下设置样地,进行植被因子调查及土壤理化特性分析。结果表明:不同植被类型林下土壤硬度的平均值变化范围在11.86(±3.59)~18.57(±10.26)kg/cm2、土壤有机质平均含量为1.89(±0.27)%~2.36(±0.08)%;常绿针叶林下土壤的平均容重、粘粒组成、田间持水量等指标均小于落叶阔叶林,并且该林下样地的土壤养分含量及pH值也低于落叶阔叶林下的土壤;常绿针叶林下土壤通透性及保肥能力较好,落叶阔叶林尤其是刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林下土壤有机质、氮、磷等养分含量相对较高,供肥能力较强。     

潮沟成因类型及其影响因素的探讨

潮沟是潮坪上最活跃的微地貌单元。从成因角度分出了滩面水流冲剧型、潮流辐聚侵蚀型、陆源水流侵蚀继承型和泻湖广海间潮流侵蚀型等四种潮沟类型。根据各地潮沟发育程度的明显差异,提出了影响潮沟发育的七个重要因素。     

中国中、东部典型样区不同发展水平下土壤与土地利用多样性的对比分析(英文)

Two typical provincial capitals (Nanjing and Zhengzhou) and two counties (Rugao and Yuanyang) in east (Jiangsu Province) and central (Henan Province) China were chosen respectively as the developed and less developed comparative cases for pedodiversity and land use diversity correlative analysis by borrowing the recently better developed pedodiversity methodology. Land use classification was worked out using remote sensing images in three different periods (1986-1988, 2000-2001 and 2004-2006) for these studied case areas before the calculation of the constituent diversity index and spatial distribution diversity index modified after Shannon entropy in 2 km×2 km grid scale of the soil and land use pattern were conducted and then a connection index was proposed to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity. Results show that during the years from 1986 to 2006, the composition and spatial distribution of regional land use pattern had changed greatly. The agricultural land area of all the studied case areas decreased obviously in which Nanjing has the highest decrement of 895.98 km 2 mainly into urban use while the other land use type area changes show the same trend. The connection index of four typical soil family types and typical urban land use types, i.e., urban construction land, transportation land and industrial and mining area all increased in this period. In the studied case areas, there is the highest soil constituent diversity in Zhengzhou at 0.779 while the simplest soil constituent diversity in Rugao at 0.582. Meanwhile we have higher land use diversity in the more urbanized Jiangsu Province than Henan Province, Nanjing is ranking the first that has been getting higher and higher in the three periods at 0.366 in 1986-1988, 0.483 in 2000-2001 and 0.545 in 2004-2006. Finally, the connection index figures to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity of the studied areas were compared to show the similar phenomenon that this figure grows fastest in Nanjing followed by Zhengzhou and other places.     

新型小城镇地质环境综合调查服务——以江苏丹阳2016年数据集为例

成果的有效应用服务是城市地质调查工作的核心驱动力,城市地质数据集作为城市地质调查工作的核心成果,是决定城市地质调查研究成果应用服务有效性的关键。中国地质调查局部署开展丹阳小城镇地质环境综合调查试点,本次共完成遥感解译1 047 km²（3期数据）,调查点767个,钻探115个,累计钻探进尺8 720 m（其中第四系孔915 m,水文孔2 366 m,工程孔5 439 m）,采集第四纪地质样品2 904组,地下水样品240组,原状土样1 108组,土壤样2 482组,地下水位统测点70个,抽水试验18组等。查清了丹阳市水文地质、工程地质、地质灾害等分布规律,并围绕丹阳市规划建设对地质工作的实际需求,对各类调查原始数据进行了专项加工,建立了数据集,为丹阳市规划建设提供了良好的支撑服务。文章对数据来源、数据收集方法、处理技术等方面进行了整理和归纳,形成了小城镇地质调查应用服务地质数据集的构建方法,为今后小城镇地质调查和数据集处理及应用提供参考。     

苏北滨海平原冰后期古地理演化与沉积物物源研究

元素地球化学研究表明,长江与黄河对冰后期的苏北滨海平原发育与苏北南黄海潮成砂体的形成影响巨大。冰后期早期长江物质影响大于黄河。黄河供给泥沙量较少,且对本区影响主要在北部、中部地区。公元1128年黄河改道由苏北入海之后,黄河影响范围明显大于长江。长江仅由个别狭窄的汊道提供有限的物质而影响范围较小。古长江主流并未由琼港地区入海,而携带大量物质建设潮成砂体。最近2000年来本区沉积物主要由黄河提供。分析表明元素地球化学方法在沉积物物源判别时,可有效的避免水动力因素影响,取得较好的效果。