神奇美丽的横断山:地壳演化塑造的奇迹——“三江并流”世界自然遗产地形成地质背景浅析

三江并流是反映地球演化主要阶段的杰出代表,区内保存着反映特提斯演化不同阶段和喜马拉雅期陆内造山阶段留下的丰富的地质遗迹,这些地质遗迹为解读三江并流地壳演化的历史提供了重要的依据。有关资料表明,三江并流是与青藏高原和横断山脉一起发育成长起来的,它们均经历了特提斯的演化,并且都是印度板块与欧亚板块强烈碰撞造山作用的产物。本文比较详细地介绍了横断山脉的形成演化过程及其与青藏高原形成演化之间的关系。     

Late Ediacaran crustal thickening in Iran: Geochemical and isotopic constraints from the ~550 Ma Mishu granitoids (northwest Iran)

The aim of this article is to examine the geochemistry and geochronology of the Cadomian Mishu granites from northwest Iran, in order to elucidate petrogenesis and their role in the evolution of the Cadomian crust of Iran. The Mishu granites mainly consist of two-mica granites associated with scarce outcrops of tonalite, amphibole granodiorite, and diorite. Leucogranitic dikes locally crosscut the Mishu granites. Two-mica granites show S-type characteristics whereas amphibole granodiorite, tonalities, and diorites have I-type signatures. The I-type granites show enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Ba and K) and depletion in high field strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ti and Ta). These characteristics show that these granites have been formed along an ancient, fossilized subduction zone. The S-type granites have high K, Rb, Cs (and other large ion lithophile elements) contents, resembling collision-related granites. U–Pb zircon dating of the Mishu rocks yielded ²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb crystallization ages of ca. 550 Ma. Moreover, Rb–Sr errorchron shows an early Ediacaran age (547 ± 84 Ma) for the Mishu igneous rocks. The two-mica granites (S-type granites) show high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) ratios, ranging from 0.7068 to 0.7095. Their ?Nd values change between ?4.2 and ?4.6. Amphibole granitoids and diorites (I-type granites) are characterized by relatively low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) ratios (0.7048–0.7079) and higher values of ?Nd (?0.8 to ?4.2). Leucogranitic dikes have quite juvenile signature, with ?Nd values ranging from +1.1 to +1.4 and Nd model ages (T_DM) from 1.1 to 1.2 Ga. The isotopic data suggests interaction of juvenile, mantle-derived melts with old continental crust to be the main factor for the generation of the Mishu granites. Interaction with older continental crust is also confirmed by the presence of abundant inherited zircon cores. The liquid-line of descend in the Harker diagrams suggests fractional crystallization was also a predominant mechanism during evolution of the Mishu I-type granites. The zircon U–Pb ages, whole rock trace elements, and Sr–Nd isotope data strongly indicate the similarities between the Mishu Cadomian granites with other late Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian (600–520 Ma) granites across Iran and the surrounding areas such as Turkey and Iberia. The generation of the Mishu I-type granites could be related to the subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean during Cadomian orogeny, through interaction between juvenile melts and old (Mesoproterozoic or Archaean) continental crust. The S-type granites are related to the pooling of the basaltic melts within the middle–upper parts of the thick continental crust and then partial melting of that crust.     

The Neoproterozoic continental rift magmatism of the eastern Jiangnan orogen: new evidence from the mafic sheets in northern Zhejiang Province,South China

Massive mafic sheets were recently recognized intruding the Neoproterozoic strata in Fuyang area, eastern Jiangnan orogen. Geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic studies were carried out to understand their mantle source, crust–mantle interaction, and tectonic setting. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon data indicate that the sheets were generated at 808 ± 7 Ma. The mafic sheets consist of two groups: high Ti and low Ti. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE; 3.3–5.3 ppm) and show negligible Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.77–1.12). They also have strong large-ion lithophile element (LILE; Sr, K, Rb, Ba) enrichment, moderately strong high-field-strength element (HFSE) enrichment (except for Nb-Ta depletion), and positive εNd(t) (5.1–9.1). Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the mafic sheets were generated from a depleted asthenospheric mantle source. The high-Ti mafic sheets have higher HFSE contents and less Nb-Ta depletion than the low Ti series, indicating a lower degree of partial melting and crustal contamination. The mafic sheets grew in a within-plate setting, concurrent with the ~820–750 Ma rifting events in the eastern Jiangnan orogen. They are likely related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.     

江西大湖塘矿区九岭花岗闪长岩的成因及其构造意义

江南造山带东段发育了一系列新元古代花岗岩类侵入体,其中以江西九岭岩体最为显著。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明九岭岩体形成于819Ma。富云母暗色包体在九岭花岗闪长岩体内部广泛出现,典型的岩浆结构及针状磷灰石表明包体为岩浆成因。花岗闪长岩及暗色包体的Mg~#(42~50)均大于玄武质岩石熔融实验结果(大多数40)。暗色包体具有更高的MgO、CaO、Fe_2O_3~T、TiO2及更高的Ni、Co、Sc、V。全岩Sm-Nd同位素结果显示暗色包体的ε_(Nd)(t)为-3.4~-2.1,花岗闪长岩ε_(Nd)(t)为-4.0~-3.5。花岗闪长岩锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)为(-1.4~6.4),多数为正值。Nd-Hf同位素分析表明双桥山群很可能是花岗闪长岩的源区。暗色岩浆包体的普遍发育暗示九岭岩体形成于壳幔岩浆混合过程,除双桥山群外,地幔也贡献了一定的物质。暗色富云包体不是岩石熔融的残渣,而是幔源基性岩浆与富钾下地壳相互作用的产物。结合区域上变质岩、地层学、基性岩研究结果,我们认为扬子板块与华夏板块碰撞的时间很可能在825Ma左右,九岭岩体形成于造山带碰撞挤压向伸展转变的过渡阶段,是壳幔岩浆混合的产物。     

安徽宁国张村地区锑矿床控制因素及成因

安徽宁国张村锑矿处于江南造山带北东端,是近年发现的锑矿床。锑矿赋存于后南华系盖层张性滑脱断层中,控矿断层下盘为早寒武世荷塘组炭质硅质泥岩及震旦—寒武纪皮园村组硅质岩,上盘为寒武—奥陶纪西阳山组泥质灰岩夹透镜状微晶灰岩、晚寒武世华严寺组灰岩。张村锑矿成矿地质体为角砾岩,成矿结构面为北西向张性断层。断层是含矿热液流动的通道,Sb丰度值高的西阳山组泥质灰岩是锑矿的形成基础,且灰岩性脆易碎,在地质营力作用下形成裂隙,有利于天水及深部热液流体循环萃取矿质。锑矿自然类型为辉锑矿化角砾岩,局部夹有充填型块状辉锑矿,矿床成因初步定为低温热液脉状充填矿床。     

内蒙古吉尔嘎郎图早古生代岩体成因——年代学、地球化学及Nd-Hf同位素制约

兴蒙造山带北缘断续分布的早古生代岩浆岩带,对古生代构造格局恢复及造山带演化研究具有重要意义。阿巴嘎旗北部吉尔嘎郎图岩体位于该岩浆岩带中段,为带内最大的早古生代复式侵入体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,吉尔嘎郎图岩体早期花岗闪长岩单元成岩年龄为455.0~495.6Ma。在主量元素组成上,岩体SiO_2含量中等(59.49%~68.22%),贫铁、镁,K_2O/Na_2O值(0.64~0.85)小于1,A/CNK=0.96~1.09,整体具有亚碱、弱过铝特征。稀土及微量元素方面,岩体富Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、P及高场强元素Nb、Ta等,稀土元素总量中等,具有弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.52~0.82)。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析结果显示,岩体具有亏损的同位素组成,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i=0.7053~0.7034,ε_(Nd)(t)=0.39~4.29,2件Hf同位素样品ε_(Hf)(t)均为正值,分别为ε_(Hf)(t)=7.6~10.8和ε_(Hf)(t)=3.7~7.9。岩石地球化学、年代学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素综合分析表明,吉尔嘎郎图岩体是早古生代古亚洲洋沿苏左旗—锡林浩特一线向北俯冲背景下,遭受了俯冲板片析出流体交代作用影响的新生下地壳部分熔融的产物,后期由于弧后拉张、贺根山洋盆打开与主体岛弧带分离,最终随着古亚洲洋的整体闭合,形成了与俯冲带彼此分隔的格局。     

近41年来江南地区暴雨洪涝灾害时空变化特征分析

暴雨和防灾能力建设是影响洪涝灾害发生及其损失变化的重要因素.根据1978—2018年江南地区(沪、浙、闽、湘、赣五省、市)暴雨洪涝灾害数据、气象台站观测逐日降水量资料、社会经济数据,统计分析了近41年江南地区暴雨及其引发的洪涝灾害损失的变化特征及时、空差异,并从降水和社会防治两方面分析其成因.结果表明:近41年来江南地...     

江南古陆西段木瓜园钨矿床成矿流体演化过程研究

木瓜园白钨矿位于江南古陆钨矿带西段,矿体主要产于花岗闪长斑岩中,局部产于侵入围岩(岩性主要为粉砂质板岩、砂质板岩,局部绢云母板岩)的石英脉中,是揭示该区成矿规律的重要组成.本文利用显微测温和阴极发光图像技术对木瓜园钨矿床不同成矿阶段的流体包裹体及白钨矿原位微量元素特征进行了系统研究.结果显示:(1)钨矿床包裹体类型有富...     

从洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞:回眸与展望

大陆造山带的经典含义是指由于大陆地壳岩石在板块俯冲-碰撞的巨大挤压应力下,遭受强烈变形、变质和熔融作用,地壳发生大规模缩短、加厚和隆升而形成的地带.分布在大陆边缘和内部的造山带,经历从洋壳扩张、洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞的造山过程,形成"俯冲增生型"、"陆陆碰撞型"和远离板块边界的"陆内型"造山带.造山带类型的分析是识别地...