Possible spatial variability in the Selwyn Block of Central Victoria: evidence from Late Devonian felsic igneous rocks

The Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Selwyn Block in Central Victoria forms the mainly unexposed basement to the Paleozoic metasediments, granitic rocks and felsic volcanic complexes of the Melbourne Zone of the Lachlan Orogen. The Late Devonian felsic rocks are largely products of partial melting of the Selwyn Block, and their chemistry implies that their sources were most probably arc-related andesite, dacite, volcaniclastic greywackes and some pelites. When plotted against the median longitudes of the plutons and volcanic complexes, the average values for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_t and ?Nd_t (at 370 Ma) reveal broad trends interpreted to reflect possible compositional and/or age structure in the Selwyn Block. Assuming that the trends are real, from W to E, I-type sources are progressively less crustally evolved, probably younging eastward. The S-type sources show no trend in ?Nd_t, suggesting that there was efficient sediment mixing. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_t values, however, become more evolved eastward (opposite in sense to the apparent variation in the I-type sources). This is interpreted as the original Selwyn Block sediments having been more pelitic eastward, perhaps suggesting a deepening of the basin in this direction, as well as structurally upward in the succession. The opposite senses of variation highlights the spatial separation of the S- and I-type sources and suggest that the granitic magmas here are unlikely to represent any sort of mixing continuum.     

Magnetic properties of the remagnetized Middle-Ordovician limestones of the Ponón Trehué Formation (San Rafael Block,central-western Argentina): Insights into the Permian widespread Sanrafaelic overprint

The widespread Sanrafaelic remagnetization reset most of the early Cambrian to mid-Ordovician carbonate platform of the Argentine Precordillera and the calcareous units of the San Rafael Block. We conducted a detailed rock-magnetic study on the Middle-Ordovician limestones of the Ponón Trehué Formation at both limbs of a tight anticline exposed in the San Rafael Block (Mendoza province, central-western Argentina) that are carriers of a syntectonic magnetization of Permian age. We found that the magnetic overprint in the Ponón Trehué Formation is carried by both pyrrhotite and magnetite, with goethite and subordinate haematite likely related to weathering. Hysteresis parameters, frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility, Cisowski and modified Lowrie-Fuller tests suggest the presence of ultrafine particles of chemical origin. Demagnetization of natural remanent magnetization and of three-axis isothermal remanence confirm pyrrhotite and magnetite as important contributors to the remanence. Both minerals carry the same magnetic syntectonic component suggesting a coeval or nearly coeval remanence acquisition and therefore mineral formation. This and the results of the magnetic fabric analyses indicate an authigenic origin of the magnetic minerals during folding associated with the Sanrafaelic tectonic phase (ca. 280 Ma). Although the chemically active (oxidizing?) fluids expelled from the orogen as it developed in the early Permian is a viable explanation for the Sanrafaelic remagnetization, the role of the nearly coeval magmatism in Precordillera and the San Rafael Block remains to be properly evaluated.     

拉萨地块林芝杂岩体石榴角闪岩的地球化学特征和年代学研究

本文对位于青藏高原拉萨地体东南缘林芝杂岩中的两类石榴角闪岩进行了详细的地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。这两类石榴角闪岩分别为硅不饱和的含十字石石榴角闪岩和硅饱和的含石英石榴角闪岩。含十字石石榴角闪岩矿物组合为十字石、石榴子石、角闪石、钠云母、绿泥石、斜长石。石英石榴角闪岩矿物组合为石榴子石、角闪石、石英、斜长石、黑云母。岩石学及变质相平衡研究表明两类石榴角闪岩均经历了高压角闪岩相变质作用。含十字石石榴角闪岩和石英石榴角闪岩具有MORB的地球化学特征,锆石U-Pb年代学分析获得了800~200 Ma的206Pb/238U年龄范围,出现了~430 Ma、~268 Ma和~216 Ma年龄峰值。~430 Ma年龄可能和拉萨地体岩浆活动有关,~268 Ma变质年龄和~216 Ma变质年龄和拉萨地块经历的高压变质作用有关。其中~268 Ma年龄和拉萨地块内部松多高压带榴辉岩的峰期变质年龄一致,而~216 Ma年龄和榴辉岩的围岩含石榴子石片岩年龄一致。对比该区域的年代学研究成果,这表明林芝杂岩体不仅经历了中新生代的变质和岩浆再造活动,还经历了古特提斯洋闭合,南北拉萨地块发生碰撞的晚二叠世的高压变质作用和三叠纪的中压变质作用。     

阴山陆块武川石榴基性麻粒岩P-T条件及其变质时代:来自相平衡模拟与锆石U-Pb定年的约束

武川高级片麻岩地体中石榴基性麻粒岩的变质用与同位素年代学研究对于揭示阴山陆块新太古代构造演化过程具有十分重要的研究意义。它们主要以不规则透镜体或变形岩墙/岩脉群的形式赋存于新太古代晚期英云闪长质片麻岩或变质表壳岩系之中,并切割近南-北向的区域性片麻理。岩相学观察、矿物相转变分析与矿物化学研究表明,武川石榴基性麻粒岩保留了十分典型的高压麻粒岩相矿物:石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+铁-钛氧化物。其中,粗粒石榴石边部常发育微弱的扩散环带,表现为从幔部至边部,镁铝榴石组分不断减少,相应地铁铝榴石组分不断增加,而钙铝榴石与锰铝榴石组分基本不变,指示晚期冷却降温作用对石榴石成分产生一定影响。斜长石具有细粒包体型与粗粒基质型两种不同的类型,它们具有十分相似化学成分,均为An=35~45的中长石。在NCFMASHTO(Na_2O-CaO-FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O-TiO_2-Fe_2O_3)体系下,利用THERM OCA LC 3.33软件,对两件石榴基性麻粒岩样品进行了相平衡模拟,模拟的峰期矿物组合为:石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+铁-钛氧化物,与岩相学观察十分一致。采用石榴石中最小x(g)Fe~(2 +)/(Fe~(2 +)+Mg))与斜长石是中最小ca(pl)(Ca/(Ca+Na))等值线,将本区石榴基性麻粒岩峰期高压麻粒岩相的温压条件限定在P=1.31~1.40GPa,T=770~840℃的范围内。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,两件石榴基性麻粒岩麻粒岩中发育的变质锆石分别记录了2517±6Ma(BT58-1,MSWD=0.66,n=21)与2512±16Ma(LH66-1,MSWD=0.26,n=42)的加权平均年龄,与阴山陆块其它新太古代岩石记录的约2500Ma变质年龄一致,被解释为本区石榴基性麻粒岩遭受高压麻粒岩相变质时代。结合本区其它新的研究资料,本文认为武川石榴基性麻粒岩形成可能与区内新太古代晚期造山作用有关。     

Episodic crustal growth in the Tanzania Craton: evidence from Nd isotope compositions

The analysis of available Nd isotope data from the Tanzania Craton places important constraints on the crust-mantle separation ages, and events marking juvenile crustal addition and crustal recycling. Nd model ages date the oldest crust extraction to 3.16 Ga in the Tanzania Craton, although a rock record of such antiquity is yet to be found there. The most significant period of juvenile crustal addition as well as crustal recycling is 2.7–2.6 Ga. The Nd isotopes of mafic samples show that chemical heterogeneity existed in the mantle beneath the Tanzania Craton, with some samples originating from significantly depleted mantle, and most samples originating from the mixture of primitive mantle and depleted mantle. The Nd isotope section reveals significant differences in Nd isotopes between the north craton and central craton; compared to the north craton, the central craton yields a Nd model age that is approximately 100 Ma older, and its ε_Nd(t) values are more negative, indicating that the two parts of the craton have different mantle source regions. Different types of granitoids are distributed in the Tanzania Craton, such as high-K and low-Al granite, calc-alkaline granite, peraluminous granite and transitional types of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorites (TTGs). Most of the granitoids formed later than the mafic rocks in syn-collision and post-collision events.     

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the Neogene coral reefs,Xisha Islands,South China Sea: implications for tectonic evolution

The Xisha Block is a minor one in the South China Sea and an important tectonic unit in the northwestern part of the region. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages for three volcanic intrusive core samples from Xike-1, an exploratory well penetrating the bioherms of the Xisha Islands. The core samples are from the Miocene reef carbonate bedrock and are recognized as dark-gray biotite-hornblende gabbro, gray fine-grained biotite diorite, and gray fine-grained granite, respectively. Zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images and trace Th, U and Pb compositions of the zircons show that these rocks are of volcanic intrusive origin. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating yielded six groups of ages, ranging from 2451-1857 Ma to early Cretaceous, which indicate that the formation and evolution of the Xisha Block was affected by the evolution and closure of Neotethys Ocean, probably within its eastern extension into South China Sea. Both old, deep-sourced material, including fragments from Rodina supercontinent, and recent mantle-derived magma products contributed to the emergence and formation of the Xisha block. The SHRIMP U-Pb results also proved that this process differed from that of the Kontum massif, the Hainan Block, and the South China Block, but is similar to that of the Nansha and Zhongsha blocks. The process was associated with the effects of Yanshanian magmatism induced by subduction mechanisms of the Paleo-Pacific Plate or the reworking of the multiple magmatisms since the Early to mid-Yanshanian, possibly jointly experienced by the Xisha-Zhongsha-Nansha Block.     

华夏陆块钠质高镁玄武岩地球化学特征及地质意义

赣州盆地位于钦杭(钦州—杭州)结合带南侧华夏陆块西部,由晚白垩世早期红色碎屑沉积岩系组成,其底部夹有一套玄武岩,全岩Si O_2含量为46.50%~48.13%,具有钠质高镁特征(Mg O=15.47%~18.24%,Mg~#=74~77,K_2O/Na_2O=0.22~0.39)。稀土元素配分型式表现出轻稀土富集右倾,没有明显的Eu异常的特点,表明岩浆没有明显的斜长石分离结晶作用;微量元素上富集大离子亲石元素,高场强元素特别是Ta、Nb、Ti亏损不明显,Cr、Ni的含量分别为235×10~(-6)~617×10~(-6)、157×10~(-6)~493×10~(-6),与原生岩浆的Cr、Ni含量接近,Ba/Nb值(13.51~23.18)和La/Nb值(0.82~1.03)表明源区有富集地幔组分;Sr—Nd—Pb—O同位素显示出源区性质具有EMⅡ型富集地幔特征。岩石学和地球化学特征表明,玄武岩具有原生岩浆性质,是富集地幔部分熔融的产物。同时为中生代华夏陆块EMⅡ型岩石圈地幔提供了准确的证据。由赣州盆地晚白垩世构造背景和构造环境判别图解可知,本区玄武岩形成于板内拉张环境,可能与古太平洋俯冲条件的转变有关。     

伊宁地块早石炭世球泡流纹岩的发现及地球化学特征

伊宁地块西段中部阿腾套山一带发现的球泡流纹岩,多数产于早石炭世海相无球泡流纹岩夹层中,整体呈层状、互层状,球泡通气孔顺层平行于流纹构造定向分布,推断是海相极浅水环境下的产物,因而具有精细指相意义。该球泡流纹岩与同期A型花岗岩类共生,属碱性岩类,SiO_2含量为69.18%~77.69%,K_2O大于4%,Al_2O_3为11.32%~16.24%,Ga/Al×10~4=2.1~7.8,∑REE=85.22×10~(-6)~348.8×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N=6.7~14.8,相对富集轻稀土,δEu具明显负异常,稀土配分及大离子元素蛛网图均与A型花岗岩类地球化学特征总体相同。ε_(Hf)(t)均大于0(+12.5~+15.5),两阶段锆石Hf模式年龄大于锆石U-Pb年龄,表明源区可能为早古生代新生地壳物质部分熔融演化而来。A型球泡流纹岩与同期A型花岗岩类均形成于拉张构造环境,是区内早石炭世大哈拉军山组中迄今唯一发现的显示拉张构造环境的珍贵实例。为揭示和探讨伊宁地块总体处于汇聚大背景下的局部拉张环境,以及东窄西宽之楔形构造形态提供了可能。     

安徽滁州和管店早白垩世高镁埃达克质侵入岩的成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的制约

本文以华北陆块东部早白垩世滁州闪长玢岩和管店石英闪长岩为研究对象,报道了新的全岩地球化学（主量元素、微量元素以及Sr-Nd同位素）以及锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的综合研究结果,进而约束其岩石成因和构造意义。滁州闪长玢岩中锆石发育振荡环带,管店石英闪长岩中锆石具条痕状吸收的特点,它们均为岩浆成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,滁州和管店闪长质锆石年龄分别为128±1Ma和130±2Ma,表明二者均形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征显示,滁州和管店闪长质岩石具有类似的主量元素和微量元素组成,整体具中等的SiO₂含量（58.55%~60.12%）和富MgO（4.43%~5.10%,Mg^#=57~61）的特征,Na₂O/K₂O比值为1.20~1.47,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Ba）,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf）,并具不同程度的Eu负异常（δEu=0.85~0.93）。它们具高的Sr（575×10^-6~1035×10^-6）和低的Y含量（10.2×10^-6~15.3×10^-6）以及高的Sr/Y比值（57~69）,属于埃达克质岩石。此外,滁州和管店闪长质岩石具有类似的Sr-Nd以及锆石Hf同位素的特征,滁州闪长玢岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始比值介于0.7061~0.7066之间,ε_Nd（t）值为-17.7~-16.9,锆石ε_Hf（t）值变化于-23.1~-19.1之间,而管店石英闪长岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始比值为0.7046~0.7059,ε_Nd（t）值为-18.7~-15.8,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-25.6~-20.0。综合上述,滁州和管店闪长质岩石均属于高镁埃达克质岩石,起源于拆沉的加厚下地壳部分熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的产物,形成于早白垩世华北东部陆块拆沉作用下的伸展背景。