提肯乃克特额尔齐斯构造混杂岩带的初步确立及构造意义

提肯乃克特额尔齐斯构造混杂带岩块(片)由变质玄武岩及变质辉绿岩、斜长花岗岩等深成杂岩组成,可能代表了北准噶尔有限洋盆的洋壳残片,基质主要为一套浅变质细碎屑岩,上覆岩石主要由硅质岩、变质粉砂岩等远洋沉积物组成。早泥盆世,准噶尔微板块东北缘及西伯利亚板块南缘因大陆硅铝壳开始破裂、扩张,在额尔齐斯断裂南北两侧分别出现拉张活动。中泥盆世,哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块向山区阿尔泰地块俯冲并逐渐闭合成陆。早石炭世初期,准噶尔微型板块北缘再次沿额尔齐斯断裂带南侧发生拉张、裂陷,逐渐演变成活动大陆边缘并发育基性杂岩体。早石炭世晚期,地壳由扩张转为挤压,准噶尔微板块与阿尔泰地块再次发生碰撞,伴随这次板块碰撞活动,其上覆上迭火山-沉积盆地闭合成陆。提肯乃克特额尔齐斯构造混杂岩带的识别,对于重新认识准噶尔地块和阿尔泰地块之间的关系及探讨中亚造山带古生代以来的构造演化具较大意义。     

滇西施甸隆起与保山地块中部寒武纪碳酸盐台地的拟合关系

笔者在保山地块采获大量古生物化石,首次发现施甸地区缺失早奥陶世沉积,并发现施甸地区的奥陶系与寒武系之间均为平行不整合接触。通过对下奥陶统缺失区的追索与调查,初步圈定出早奥陶世施甸隆起范围,该隆起区大致与施甸地区的晚寒武世碳酸盐台地重叠,其形成过程受寒武纪末期地壳抬升与海平面下降的双重因素控制,以晚寒武世碳酸盐台地的剧烈隆升起主导作用。施甸隆起概念的提出及其范围的圈定,对深化保山地块早古生代的构造演化研究具有重大意义。     

陈蔡早古生代俯冲增生杂岩对华夏与扬子地块拼合过程的指示意义

华夏地块与扬子地块的拼合时限与方式长期存在争议。本文对出露于浙江诸暨一带的原"陈蔡岩群"进行了详细的露头尺度解剖。野外地质调查表明,原"陈蔡岩群"主要由不同性质的外来岩块与基质组成。其中：代表外来岩块的大理岩及斜长角闪岩的变质年龄分别为（424.7±2.9）和（420.6±1.8）Ma,成岩年龄分别为（479.2±9.5）~（424.7±2.9）Ma和（507.7±7.8）~（420.6±1.8）Ma,斜长角闪岩原岩为具OIB（洋岛玄武岩）特征的碱性玄武岩,大理岩的原岩为海相碳酸盐岩,二者共同构成了洋岛海山组合。代表原地岩块的变长石石英砂岩主要物源区为3 620~1 530 Ma形成于活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧环境下的古老地壳物质;与之构造混杂接触的斜长角闪岩变质年龄为（438.0±2.5）Ma,其原岩分别为形成于消减带岛弧环境的岛弧拉斑玄武岩、形成于俯冲环境下的富Nb玄武岩和洋岛海山环境下的具OIB特征的碱性玄武岩类。代表基质的含榴黑云斜长片麻岩LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明,其变质年龄为（441.0±3.0）Ma,碎屑²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄多数为840~780 Ma,反映其物源主要来自于新元古代,且最年轻的沉积年龄限定在598 Ma,说明片麻岩原岩可能为早古生代沉积地层。陈蔡地区该套岩石组合的发现表明,原"陈蔡岩群"的构造属性应为早古生代俯冲增生杂岩。结合测区及龙游地区新发现的加里东期麻粒岩和退变榴闪岩,提出扬子与华夏两大地块碰撞于445~420 Ma。     

辽北开原岩群蛇绿混杂岩的特征

岩石化学、地球化学资料表明,中晚元古代开原岩群蛇绿混杂岩由蛇绿岩和岛弧拉斑玄武岩、钙碱玄武岩（斜长角闪岩、角闪石岩）、钙碱性基性—中性火山岩（变粒岩）、陆缘碎屑岩（浅粒岩）组成。蛇绿岩由绿泥滑石片岩（橄榄岩）、角闪岩类岩石（大洋拉斑玄武岩）、石英岩（远洋深海硅质岩）组成。与内蒙古温都尔庙群蛇绿岩,吉林色洛河群同时位于古华北陆块北缘,为陆缘活动带向古华北陆块俯冲形成。这表明古华北陆块北缘造山带在中晚元古代即已出现。     

武当地块基性岩度群岩石地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

南秦岭构造带武当地块核部的基性岩席群,是在古生代地幔底侵作用导致地壳伸展过程中岩浆沿主拆离面及基底变质岩群内次一级滑脱面侵位形成。岩席群岩石地球化学特征的研究表明,其主元素、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学与勉略缝合带发育的蛇绿岩组合中的辉绿岩和大洋玄武岩之岩石地球化学特点相似,结合同位素地质学资料,本认为武当地块基性岩席群所代表的这次拉伸作用与略洋的打开是同一构造背景下不同阶段的产物。     

Late Quaternary Large Earthquakes on the Western Branch of the Xiaojiang Fault and Their Tectonic Implications

The Xiaojiang fault is a major active left-lateral fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with a magnitude 8 and a mean coseismic left-lateral displacement of ~ 6.9 m, occurred on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Studying this fault is important in understanding current deformation and kinematic characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau.Activities and stretches have been well undertaken on the Xiaojiang fault, while paleoseismic research work is always the weak link on this fault.To investigate the paleoseismic history and large earthquake activity of the Xiaojiang fault, we opened a large trench at the northern edge of Caohaizi sag pond on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Six paleoseismic events have been identified, and named E1 through E6 from the oldest to the youngest.Charcoal and woods are abundant, 20 samples were dated to constrain the ages of the paleoseismic events at 40 000–36 300 BC, 35 400–24 800 BC, 9 500 BC–AD 500, AD 390–720, AD 1120–1620 and AD 1750–present.We associate the youngest event E6 with the 1833 M8 earthquake.Events E4, E5 and E6 show a continuous record of the western strand of the Xiaojiang fault in the late Holocene, with a average recurrence interval of 370–480 yr.Large earthquake recurrence in the late Holocene is far less than the recurrence of 2000–4000 yr posed in previous studies.Thus, the seismic hazard on the Xiaojiang fault should be reevaluated.Furthermore, the irregular recurrence of large earthquakes on the Xiaojiang fault and other faults in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang system, indicates the uneven southeastward extrusion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.     

节理面构成块体的概率公式及其工程应用

利用块体理论和概率分析理论,建立了同时考虑节理面间距和延展性随机特性的情况下构成块体体积的理论公式,据此分析了节理间距、延展性随机特性与构成块体体积的关系,进而得到了具有实用价值的计算公式,该公式结合可动块体分析方法,可以有效地解决赤平投影难以计算小型结构面构成块体体积的问题。工程实例表明,该公式具有实用性和应用前景。     

中祁连北缘奥陶纪岩浆弧地层

奥陶纪是祁连山加里东期构造带俯冲-碰撞格局奠定时期。通过区域填图和沉积环境分析及岩石地球化学研究,系统分析了沉积及岩浆作用过程, 认为在肃北县野牛台地区的晚奥陶世地层是中祁连地块西段北缘岩浆弧的组成部分。该地层为一套浅变质的基性-中性火山岩、碎屑岩及少量含化石灰岩组合,由下部海相安静深水还原环境向上部近岸水下河道-滨岸过渡,上部夹有冲积扇-河流相沉积,物源区为近源的岩浆弧和古老结晶基底,反映出自下向上水体变浅、盆地收缩的进积序列。其中的火山岩自下向上由基性向中性转变、由岛弧拉斑-钠质碱性玄武岩向钾质碱性玄武岩过渡,反映出与挤压构造环境相关的成熟岩浆弧火山岩组合特点。晚奥陶世岩浆弧地层、侵入岩与其北的同期构造蛇绿混杂岩带的相伴产出,暗示北祁连西段该时期洋壳在北部向北俯冲的同时,南部还向南俯冲并形成汇聚大陆边缘。     

关于华夏古陆

葛利普1924年创立的华夏古陆是指震旦纪至侏罗纪位在华夏地槽以东的陆地,其位置在粤闽中东部和浙南东部并延入海域达西南日本和南朝鲜以及以东的海域,达西南日本和朝鲜半岛的东南角,它是高于海面的古陆地,震旦纪和早古生代它供给华夏地槽沉积地层中的碎屑物。葛利普82年前提出的华夏古陆在中国区域地质和古地构造研究中发生了巨大影响。它本身是地槽理论体系中提出的构造单元并兼有古地理涵义,其研究方法主要是古物地层学、沉积学、地层接触关系、地层厚度分析等当时是先进的地质研究途径。以后的研究经过了地槽理论阶段和板块理论阶段。在地槽理论阶段已经对原来的华夏古陆概念在时空上作出了变化,如黄汲清华夏古陆就是华夏加里东褶皱带。上世纪90年代对于华夏古陆的研究已经进入了板块构造理论阶段,这时期的先进的同位素测年和韧性变形、脆性变形、深部构造等研究方法提供了大量的全新的资料和证据。华夏古陆或华夏地块主要指大陆地壳块体,因而逐渐完全离开了葛利普华夏古陆概念。近期一些文献中的华夏地块的内涵已经不是原来的华夏古陆。华夏古陆的八十年演变折射出了中国大地构造研究进步的一个方面。     

Characteristics of the Geotectonics in South China and Their Constraints on Primary Diamond

The Asian continent is one of the best places in the world to study continental dynamics. In this region the tectonic framework of the South China plate is related to the activity of the Pacific plate and Indian plate since the Mesozoic. In the South China plate, as the ophiolitic melange of the middle Proterozoic in the Shaoxing-Yingtan-Tengxian-Beihai faulted zone was confirmed to be a subducting ocean, the evolution of the Yangtze block and Cathaysian block, which are located on both sides of the fault zone, becomes clearer and clearer. A primary diamond deposit, which was first found by Bao Chaomin and his colleagues in Longyou County of Zhejiang Province in 1998, originated from kimberlitoid pipes. The pipes are located in the Cretaceous basin beside this deep fault and the diamond-bearing pipe was formed deep within a favourable geological structure. Diamond there occurs as octahedral crystals without visual impurities. There are more than 100 similar pipes in the area, which have been poorly stud