Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Gravity Field in South China

Based on gravity data processed with the matched filter, depth continuation and horizontal gradient we obtained the spatial distribution of the gravity field and made analyses of the tectonic framework of South China. Then, inversion was conducted for the depth to study the depth variation of the boundary between the crust and upper mantle, namely the Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho). The results demonstrate that the Moho depth in South China ranges from 30 to 40 km, and the crust thins from west to east, 27-29 km under the continent margin and shallow sea. We think it possible that the Tanlu fault crosses the Yangtze River and extends southwards along the Ganjiang and Wuchuan-Sihui faults to the South China Sea, and that there is an E-W hidden structural belt along 24.5°-26°.     

某水电站地下洞室随机块体稳定性评价及系统锚固设计

地下洞室中的随机块体是指由岩体中的随机节理或者基体裂隙构成的不确定性块体 ,在已建的地下厂房中 ,这类块体大量存在 ,这类块体的稳定性会对洞室的施工安全造成较大的影响。在设计中这类块体常常是通过系统锚杆进行加固 ,但由于块体位置随机性和几何特征的不确定性 ,使得系统锚杆的长度和间距很难确定。本文以某水电站的地下洞室为研究对象 ,在深入了解地质条件、岩体结构特点的基础上 ,找出可能构成随机节理的分布规律 ,再分析节理与节理、节理和Ⅰ、Ⅱ类确定性结构面可能的组合 ,得到可能的随机块体 ,然后采用块体理论评价其稳定性 ,得到随机块体的几何特征和稳定状况 ,总结出最优的锚杆长度 ,为地下洞室的系统锚杆长度的确定提供了理论依据     

The eruptive history of the Mascota volcanic field,western Mexico: Age and volume constraints on the origin of andesite among a diverse suite of lamprophyric and calc-alkaline lavas

The Mascota volcanic field is located in the Jalisco Block of western Mexico, where the Rivera Plate subducts beneath the North American Plate. It spans an area of ∼ 2000 km² and contains ∼ 87 small cones and lava flows of minette, absarokite, basic hornblende lamprophyre, basaltic andesite, and andesite. There are no contemporary dacite or rhyolite lavas. New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages are presented for 35 samples, which are combined with nine dates from the literature to document the eruptive history of this volcanic field. The oldest lavas (2.4 to 0.5 Ma) are found in the southern part of the field area, whereas the youngest lavas (predominantly < 0.5 Ma) are found in the northern portion. On the basis of these ages, field mapping, and the use of ortho aerial photographs and digital elevation models, it is estimated that a combined volume of 6.8 ± 3.1 km³ erupted in the last 2.4 Myr, which leads to an average eruption rate of ∼ 0.003 km³/kyr, and an average volume per eruptive unit of < 0.1 km³. The dominant lava type is andesite (2.1 ± 0.9 km³), followed by absarokite (1.6 ± 0.8 km³), basaltic andesite (1.2 ± 0.5 km³), basic hornblende lamprophyre (1.0 ± 0.4 km³), and minette (0.9 ± 0.5 km³). Thus, the medium-K andesite and basaltic andesite comprise approximately half (49%) of the erupted magma, with twice as much andesite as basaltic andesite, and they occur in close spatial and temporal association with the highly potassic, lamprophyric lavas. There is no time progression to the type of magma erupted. A wide variety of evidence indicate that the high-MgO (8–9 wt.% ) basaltic andesites (52–53% wt.% SiO₂) were formed by H₂O flux melting of the asthenopheric arc mantle wedge, whereas the mafic minettes and absarokites were formed by partial melting (induced by thermal erosion) of depleted lithospheric mantle containing phlogopite-bearing veins. There is only limited differentiation of the potassic magmas, with none more evolved than 55.4 wt.% SiO₂ and 4.4 wt.% MgO. This may be attributable to rapid crystallization of the mantle-derived melts in the deep crust, owing to their low volumes. Thus, the andesites (58–63 wt.% SiO₂) are notable for being both the most voluminous and the most evolved of all lava types in the Mascota volcanic field, which is not consistent with their extraction from extensively crystallized (60–70%), low-volume intrusions. Instead, the evidence supports the origin of the andesites by partial melting of amphibolitized, mafic lower crust, driven by the emplacement of the minettes, absarokites, and the high-Mg basaltic andesites.     

GIS中线状符号的面向对象实现方法

介绍了基于解释的数据块法实现GIS中线状符号的方法,并运用面向对象方法给出了具体的线状符号数据类型及具体解释实现对象代码。     

滇西芒市地区石板村黑云母二长花岗岩的年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

滇西芒市地区石板村黑云母二长花岗岩分布于芒市粱河县南部勐养村—芒市石板村一带,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成。石板村黑云母二长花岗岩大部分是作者通过1∶5万区域地质填图,从原高黎贡山群中解体出来的。为了限定该地区中生代岩浆事件的准确时间,本文对该黑云母二长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。测定结果显示,石板村黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为125.60±1.0Ma。表明该花岗岩体的形成时代属于早白垩世。岩石地球化学研究表明,该区早白垩世黑云母二长花岗岩具有高Si02(70.70%~76.14%),高碱(K20+Na20=7.35%~9.00%),中—高钾(K20/Na20=1.12~2.37)的特征。铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.67~1.17,岩石属钾玄岩—高钾钙碱性过铝—强过铝S型花岗岩。岩石总体上富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Nd、Sm和Pb等,明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ce、Sr、Eu、Zr、Hf等。稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为80.55×10-6~362.85×10-6,平均为171.97×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,LaN/YbN介于5.11~18.80之间,δEu=0.28~1.08,显示弱到中等程度的负铕异常,具有较明显的轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的特征。根据地球化学特征和微量元素构造判别图解判别结果表明,该花岗岩是以含粘土的变质杂砂岩部分熔融形成的,岩浆可能来源于本区中—新元古代高黎贡山群为代表的地壳物质的部分熔融。是一种典型的壳源成因类型,具后碰撞花岗岩特征,形成于板块间从挤压体制向拉张体制转变的后碰撞构造环境。冈底斯—滕冲构造带早白垩世构造岩浆事件与羌塘—保山板块与冈底斯—腾冲板块之间俯冲、碰撞、成弧造山作用密切相关。早白垩世花岗岩体的发现及其形成时代的厘定,为进一步探讨腾冲地块构造演化提供了新证据。     

新疆三塘湖盆地牛圈湖区块中侏罗统西山窑组储层特征及储层控制因素

为了探讨新疆三塘湖盆地牛圈湖区块中侏罗统西山窑组储层特征及储层控制因素,在沉积相研究的基础上,利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、微米级X-CT扫描、恒速压汞等先进实验对研究区砂岩储层的岩石学特征、储层储集空间类型、尺寸分布、几何形态进行了综合分析,最终探讨了研究区储层品质的控制因素。结果表明:研究区微米级储集空间发育,储层储集空间类型以残余粒间孔、凝灰质溶孔为主,几何形态主要呈条带型;沉积微相类型、成岩作用、微裂缝对储层的物性具有重要控制作用,通过对研究区储层孔隙演化的定量计算,压实过程孔隙度损失为20.31%,压实作用较强;早期、晚期胶结作用造成的孔隙度损失为11.54%;溶蚀作用使得储层孔隙度得到了一定程度的改善,孔隙度增加6.24%。孔隙演化分析计算得出现今储层孔隙度与常规物性分析所得出的西山窑组平均孔隙度结果符合较好,误差仅为1.1%;综合考虑研究区储层物性、沉积特征、微观孔隙结构等因素进行储层综合评价,评价结果表明:研究区以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类储层为主。     

中高渗透稠油油藏大孔道动态评价

在中高渗油藏的水驱开发过程中,由于水流的长期冲刷作用,储层岩石的部分颗粒发生运移,伴随着油井出砂储层大孔道逐渐发育,边底水或注入水无效循环严重,影响油藏的开发效果.以高浅北区G104-5区块高渗透稠油油藏为例,基于现场油水井生产特征优选了10个评价大孔道发育程度的动静态指标参数,应用层次分析法确定指标权重;综合考虑油水...     

大数据量遥感影像的快速调度与显示

随着遥感技术的飞速发展,特别是传感器分辨率的提高,遥感影像的数据量急剧增加,如何有效地从这些庞大的影像数据中获取用户感兴趣的信息已成为当前的研究热点。针对大数据量影像的快速调度与显示问题,提出了一种基于文件的数据组织与管理方法,实现了单幅和多幅大数据量影像的实时调度与快速显示。经过与当前几种常用的商用软件进行对比发现:提出的方法占用计算机资源少,预处理后的影像浏览速度基本与数据量大小无关,可以在任意一台普通配置的计算机上无缝、平滑地快速显示大数据量影像。     

基于网格的街区尺度城市绿度度量方法

本文提出一种基于网格的街区尺度城市绿度度量方法。其以900 m×900 m的网格单元作为以城市主干道划分所形成街区尺度的表征,根据网格单元内植被覆盖度与植被构成之间的关系构建绿度指标。通过与传统的基于植被面积占比的格网法所计算的绿度指数进行比较。发现本文方法建立的绿度指标能在街区尺度上提供更加丰富的城市绿度信息,有效地解决了传统方法难以反映的植被覆盖度近似区域因其内部植被构成不同所带来的绿度差异问题。为城市规划、设计以及管理提供了一种新视角。基于该绿度指标,利用Landsat TM/OLI 2009、2015和2019年不同季节的遥感数据分析北京市城市绿化的时空变化特征。结果表明:北京市主城区城市绿化的面积和质量在2009—2019年显著提升,且秋季最为明显。绿化的变化在四环内外呈现出不同的模式。四环内主要为绿化面积的增加,四环外则在绿化面积和绿化质量上都有明显的增长。     

黄河中游响应气候变化和地表相对抬升发育阶地研究

揭示河流系统响应气候变化和地表抬升的机制是理解流域地貌演化以及水系发育过程的基础,其核心难题是如何充分认识它们在阶地发育中扮演的角色.以往的研究倾向于分开讨论气候变化和地表抬升在河流阶地发育中的作用,认为河流堆积/侧蚀和下切行为分别与冰期和间冰期气候对应,或者将阶地作为地表抬升的直接证据.首先,从上下游河段对比的视角初...