河北武城凸起地热田地热地质特征

在“雄县模式”和环境压力的双重驱动下,河北地区已形成我国最大的地热供暖城市群。因此,研究武城凸起地热田地热地质特征,对河北省故城县地热开发具有重要的指导意义。本文通过测井、地震和区域地质资料,结合水化学特征、同位素测试结果的分析,系统分析了地热田的不同类型热储展布、储集层物性、地下热水补给来源和循环路径特征,并精细评价了地热资源量。结果表明武城凸起地热田热储类型主要为馆陶组砂岩热储和奥陶系岩溶热储。砂岩热储区域稳定分布,主要产水层为下馆陶组,底板埋深1 200~1 600 m,单井出水量79~123 m³/h, 井口水温52~54 ℃;岩溶热储有利区带主要分布在寒武—三叠系卷入的背斜核部,呈南北向带状展布,主要产水层为上马家沟组、下马家沟组和亮甲山组,顶板埋深2 100~2 900 m,单井出水量75~98 m³/h,井口水温82~85 ℃。地下热水来源为西部太行山脉和北部燕山山脉,热水沿着NE-SW向断裂破碎带和岩溶不整合面向上水平运移进入浅层热储,通过沧县隆起和邢衡隆起在武城凸起汇集,形成中低温地热田。地下热水质类型为Cl-Na型,最大循环深度为2 822.5~3 032.5 m,¹⁴C测年表明砂岩热储和岩溶热储年龄分别为21 ka和32 ka。明化镇组和石炭—二叠系分别为两套热储的直接盖层。武城凸起地热田地热资源量分层精细评价结果表明,热储地热资源量合计4.86×10¹⁰ GJ,折合标煤16.6×10⁸ t。年可开采地热资源量可满足供暖面积1.1×10⁸ m²,市场开发潜力巨大。     

聊城市地下水开采和补源的研究分析

地下水是聊城市重要的而且是主要的水资源,近年来,地下水的开采和补源引起了人们的广泛关注.本文拟对地下淡水资源的时空分布、运动规律、地下水资源计算和评价及聊城市地下水开发利用问题进行一些探讨,对于引黄(河)灌区合理引用黄河水和开采地下水具有重要的指导作用和应用价值.     

地质微生物作用与油气资源

地质微生物作用与油气资源的生成、保存、破坏、开采和勘探的各个环节都有着密切的联系。微生物(细菌)本身不仅是良好的成烃母质,还是促使有机物转化为石油烃的主要营力。微生物作用使沉积有机质向更有利于生烃的物质转化,并使有机质中表征成熟度的一些指标在尚未受热成熟作用前就显示成熟特征。沉积环境中微生物的发育对有机质的贡献与保存有积极作用,细菌对有机质的降解也有利于有机质中成烃组分的保存与富集。微生物作用生成的天然气、煤层气和甲烷水合物在世界各地已成为有商业开采价值的资源。然而,微生物对已成藏的油气资源又具有破坏作用。储层中喜氧与厌氧菌的存在,不仅破坏石油储量,还使原油质量明显下降。     

Possible climate change/variability and human impacts,vulnerability of drought-prone regions,water resources and capacity building for Africa

ABSTRACT

This review article discusses the climate, water resources and historical droughts of Africa, drought indices, vulnerability, impact of global warming and land use for drought-prone regions in West, southern and the Greater Horn of Africa, which have suffered recurrent severe droughts in the past. Recent studies detected warming and drying trends in Africa since the mid 20th century. Based on the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), both northern and southern Africa are projected to experience drying, such as decreasing precipitation, runoff and soil moisture in the 21st century and could become more vulnerable to the impact of droughts. The daily maximum temperature is projected to increase by up to 8°C (RCP8.5 of CMIP5), precipitation indices such as total wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT) and heavy precipitation days (R10 mm) could decrease, while warm spell duration (WSDI) and consecutive dry days (CDD) could increase. Uncertainties of the above long-term projections, teleconnections to climate anomalies such as ENSO and the Madden-Julian Oscillation, which could also affect the water resources of Africa, and capacity building in terms of physical infrastructure and non-structural solutions are also discussed. Given that traditional climate and hydrological data observed in Africa are generally limited, satellite data should also be exploited to fill the data gap for Africa in the future.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor N. Ilich     

内蒙古布敦花铜矿区运用物探资料成矿预测研究

为扩大布敦花铜矿远景储量,寻找陷伏矿床,对布敦花铜矿区的地质、地球物理特征进行分析研究,总结已知矿体的地球物理特征,建立成矿地球物理模型,进而利用已获得的各种物探信息对矿区及其外围进行找矿远景和靶区的预测。     

Relationship between garnet skarn and W mineralization: A case study from the Tongshankou Cu-Mo-W deposit,Daye, Hubei.SCIEI北大核心CSCD

石榴子石是矽卡岩型矿床的标志性矿物之一,其结构和成分特征被广泛用来示踪早期成矿流体性质的变化,但其生长过程与金属元素富集过程的关系还不清楚。本文对长江中下游成矿带最西端鄂东矿集区内的铜山口铜钼钨矿床中的石榴子石开展了显微结构和电子探针主量元素、LA-ICP-MS微量元素点分析和面扫描分析。结果显示,铜山口矿床中的石榴子石端元成分以钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石为主,普遍含有一定量的W,特别是在钙铁榴石端元比例高的石榴子石中(可达3898×10-6),且W与Mo、As、Sn存在明显的正相关关系、与Ti存在一定的负相关关系,指示W以类质同象的方式进入石榴子石晶格。石榴子石可包裹结构简单的白钨矿或被具复杂结构的白钨矿交代,指示石榴子石记录了白钨矿形成前和形成过程中流体性质(氧逸度和W含量等)的变化。铜山口矿床中钙铁榴石的大量结晶,导致成矿早期W的大量分散,不利于高品位和大规模钨矿的形成,仅在这些钙铁榴石遭受强烈的退化蚀变时,释放的W在一定程度能够提高矿石的品位,这可能是氧化性矽卡岩型钨矿通常比还原性矽卡岩型钨矿品位低、规模小的重要原因。石榴子石的成分特征(如W、Sn等元素含量和W/Sn、W/Mo和W/As等比值)可以作为判断矽卡岩的氧化还原性和钨矿床的品位及规模的依据,并具有成为W、Mo和Sn等矿床的找矿勘查指示矿物的潜力。     

Mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of the lower Permian Greta Seam,Sydney Basin,Australia

The mineralogy of the high-volatile bituminous coals and associated strata from the Greta seam, Sydney Basin, Australia, has been evaluated in this study. Although the seam is not immediately overlain by marine strata, percolation of marine water into the original peat bed is indicated by the petrological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, which resemble those of coals with marine roof strata. The upper and lower sections of the seam have contrasting mineralogy. Pyrite typically comprises 40 to 56 wt% of the mineral assemblage in the marine-influenced upper part of the seam section. The lower part contains much less pyrite (typically <5 wt%, organic-free basis), and also relatively abundant dawsonite (up to 14 wt%, organic-free basis). The minerals within most coal plies are largely of authigenic origin. These include pyrite, siderite, clay minerals (mainly kaolinite and Na-rich mixed-layer illite/smectite), and quartz, most of which have a relatively early, syngenetic origin. Minor Ti-bearing minerals, anatase or rutile, and phosphate minerals, fluorapatite and goyazite, were probably also formed during early diagenesis. Other minerals have features that indicate late-stage precipitation. These include abundant cleat- and fracture-filling dawsonite, which may be the result of reactions between earlier-precipitated kaolinite and Na₂CO₃- or NaHCO₃-bearing fluids. Minor albite may also be epigenetic, possibly precipitated from the same Ca–Al bearing fluids that formed the dawsonite. The most abundant detrital minerals in the Greta coals are quartz, poorly ordered kaolinite, illite and mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S). These occur mainly in the floor, roof and other epiclastic horizons of the seam, reflecting periods of greater clastic influx into those parts of the original peat-forming environment. Detrital minerals are rare in the coals away from the epiclastic horizons, probably owing to almost complete sediment bypassing in the depositional system. Alternatively, any detrital minerals that were originally present may have been leached from the peat bed by diagenetic or post-diagenetic processes.     

中国沙漠生态旅游资源及其竞争力分析研究

在深入探讨中国沙漠生态旅游资源特点基础上,对中国沙漠生态旅游竞争力进行了主成分分析。分析了中国沙漠生态旅游资源特点,对中国沙漠生态旅游资源进行分类研究,统计出8个主类、23个亚类、45个基本类型,资源组合特色多是自然风光与生态和环境的充分结合,景观上十分突出生态特色。为使评价具有客观的针对性,构建了沙漠生态旅游竞争力指标体系。选取沙漠分布较多的6省区为样本,得出竞争力排序从高到低依次为:内蒙古、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、陕西、青海,结果符合沙漠生态旅游开发的现状。     

渭南市旅游资源管理评价信息系统的设计与实现

旅游资源单体作为旅游资源普查的重要成果,具有数量多、分布广、资料丰富等特点。利用计算机对旅游资源普查成果资料进行集中管理、分析、评价,对旅游资源的合理规划利用和旅游业的跨越式发展具有重要意义。本研究以组件式地理信息系统软件为基础平台,以GIS技术、数据库技术和模块设计技术为基本技术支持,设计开发了渭南市旅游资源管理评价信息系统,对其需求分析、体系结构、数据库建设及功能实现进行了详细探讨。     

西部水资源与生态环境建设

水不仅是西部经济发展的主要制约因素、山川秀美的重要保证，而且是西部脱贫致富的希望所在，调整能源结构的重要途径。本文在分析我国西部水资源基本态势的基础上，讨论了水资源开发的主要问题，并结合中国工程院“西北地区水资源配置、生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究”项目，探讨了西部水资源与生态环境建设。