贵州地区新元古代—三叠纪沉积岩中稀土元素地球化学特征与地壳演化

摘 要　 通过对贵州地区自新元古界板溪群—三叠系深水相泥质岩系统的稀土元素地球化学 研究‚发现寒武系、泥盆系和上二叠统这3个稀土元素组成明显不同于其他层位和后太古代 页岩稀土元素特征的异常层‚并由此构成了地质历史中3个明显的稀土元素地球化学旋回。 这3个稀土元素地球化学旋回与本区的大地构造旋回具有明显的一致性‚且上述的3个稀土 元素地球化学异常层正好与盆地发育的明显的拉张裂陷时期相对应‚说明在盆地拉张裂陷时 期来自盆下深部物源的加入是造成稀土元素地球化学异常的根本原因。这为我们正确认识本 区的地壳演化提供了强有力的地球化学证据。     

铜陵地区层控矽卡岩型矿床地质特征和成矿条件

铜陵地区层控矽卡岩型矿床,主要分布于中石炭统黄龙组白云岩段。研究分析铜官山、冬瓜山、天马山、新桥等矿区地质特征、成矿物质和含矿流体的来源后,认为该类矿床属同生沉积—岩浆热液叠加改造成因。     

Petrological features of a Numidian section in the Lucanian Apennine (southern Italy)

A continuous section of Numidian sandstones cropping out along the eastern margin of the Lucanian Apennine (southern Italy) has been studied in relation to its petrographic and geochemical aspects. Owing to their simple mineralogy, both chemical and petrographic classifications indicate that the sandstones are subarkoses. They are characterized by high mineralogical maturity, poor sorting, abundant siliciclastic matrix and subangular quartz grains. The principal composition is Q_80–94 F_6–20 L_0–1 corresponding to SiO₂/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/K₂O ratios ranging from 37·216 to 17·124 and from 1·182 to 0·514 respectively. Two quartz grain types were distinguished: deformed and undeformed quartz grains, the former generally subangular in shape and the latter rounded. Two distinct origins of detritus can be suggested; (i) the undeformed and rounded quartz grains derive from arenaceous continental sequences; (ii) the siliciclastic matrix, the deformed subangular quartz grains, the heavy minerals and the large crystals of K-feldspar probably derive from a crystalline basement formed by low–medium–high grade metamorphic rocks and granitoids. The Numidian subarkoses represent the mixing of these two components. Both kinds of detritus can be referred to the African Craton where crystalline basement is extensively overlain by Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sandstones. The different proportions of the two components in the mixture account for the variability of the sandstone composition and might explain the mixed Numidian successions cropping out in various sectors of the Mediterranean area. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大别山北部中酸性片麻岩的岩石地球化学特征及其古大地构造意义

大别山北部变质镁铁－ 超镁铁质岩带中的中酸性片麻岩主要可分为三类：①英云闪长质片麻岩、②花岗闪长质片麻岩和③二长花岗质片麻岩,其原岩属于一套钙碱性的中酸性花岗岩系列。岩石地球化学特征表明,它们分别形成于板块碰撞前消减地区（ 消减的活动板块边缘） 、板块碰撞后隆起花岗石区和同碰撞花岗岩区。其中,形成于８００ ～１０００ Ｍａ 左右的英云闪长质片麻岩经受过麻粒岩相变质作用并与该带中属于蛇绿岩成员的变基性熔岩有亲缘关系, 可能属于蛇绿岩中的浅色组分。     

青海共和盆地下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征及其生油意义

我国西北大部分地区在早白垩世处于挤压为主的构造环境,但共和地区处于伸展的构造环境,发育了巨厚的下白垩统湖相沉积。我们首次在共和盆地下白垩统发现了一套２５８．１５ｍ 厚的烃源岩。这一发现改变了以往西北白垩系烃源岩仅分布在祁连－秦岭以北的观点, 这对于研究我国西北地区白垩系烃源岩的分布和油气田的形成具有重大意义。共和盆地下白垩统从下到上分为万一段、万二段、万三段、万四段。万一段和万四段是炎热干旱气候条件下形成的红色沉积, 基本没有生烃能力。万二段烃源岩是一套炎热潮湿气候条件下形成的浅湖－半深湖相沉积, 烃源岩有机质丰度达到了中到好烃源岩的丰度标准, 干酪根类型以Ⅰ２ 型为主。该烃源岩在Ｋ２ 早期（９０．０１Ｍａ） 进入生油门限, 开始生油, 从Ｋ２ 晚期（７４．１１Ｍａ） 以来,一直处于大量生油的成熟阶段。下白垩统万三段沉积时期, 水体时深时浅, 暗色泥岩和红色泥岩交替出现。暗色泥岩属于中等烃源岩, 其有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型。它在晚白垩世 （７８．０２Ｍａ） 进入生油门限, 但一直到第四纪 （１．５Ｍａ） 才进入大量生油的成熟阶段。共和盆地下白垩统烃源岩发育, 具有形成中小型油气田的可能性。     

武当山地块基性岩墙群地球化学研究及其大地构造意义

武当山地块基性岩墙群的地球化学特征表明,它们为具大陆拉斑玄武央珠大陆板内岸 浆侵入的产物,是古陆块裂并保存在造山带内基底岩块的重要证据,这表明南秦岭和扬子板块曾存在晋宁期固结的统一古陆块,该古陆块在新元古代早期发生了一次重要的裂解作用。     

The nature of the Palaeozoic oceanic basin at the southwestern margin of Gondwana and implications for the origin of the Chilenia terrane (Pichilemu region,central Chile)

The Coastal Accretionary Complex of central Chile constitutes the product of early Carboniferous to Late Triassic subduction at the rear of Chilenia, a continental terrane likely derived from Laurentia and accreted to southwestern margin of Gondwana during the Mid to Late Devonian. The complex contains basaltic metavolcanic sequences of the subducted oceanic lithosphere accreted to the active margin. In this paper, we address the tectonic setting of these rocks by means of a geochemical study in the coastal area of Pichilemu region, central Chile. The accreted fragments of oceanic crust occupy different structural levels, exhibit variable metamorphic grade, and have geochemical fingerprints that reveal a compositional heterogeneity of the subducted oceanic crust. The amphibolites have N to E-MORB compositions. Greenschist units include N-MORB and E-MORB transitional to OIB, and blueschists and greenschists interleaved within a single metavolcanosedimentary sequence have OIB signatures. Neodymium isotopic systematics indicate depleted and enriched mantle sources, whereas strontium isotopic systematics indicate seawater/rock interaction. The variety of rocks suggests formation in an oceanic setting characterized by shallow and deep mantle sources, such as plume-influenced ridge. Based on the geological, petrological, geochemical, and isotopic characteristics, we propose that the metavolcanic protoliths of the Pichilemu region formed relatively close to the western margin of the Chilenia terrane during the initial stage (late Cambrian–Early Devonian) of seafloor development and drifting of this continental block. Geochemical similarities with oceanic units accreted to the active margin south of the Pichilemu region indicate a regional pattern of the oceanic crust subducted under the Palaeozoic Chilean margin between, at least, 34°S and 39°S latitude, strongly supporting the activity of a mantle plume. This, in turn, can be correlated with the location of the Pacific plume generation zone in early Palaeozoic era, corroborating a Laurentian origin for the Chilenia terrane.     

Petrogenesis of mid-Carboniferous volcanics and granitic intrusions from western Junggar Basin boreholes: geodynamic implications for the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in Northwest China

The western Junggar Basin is located on the southeastern margin of the West Junggar terrane, Northwest China. Its sedimentary fill, magma petrogenesis, tectonic setting, and formation ages are important for understanding the Carboniferous tectonic evolution and continental growth of the Junggar terrane and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This paper documents a set of new zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry U–Pb geochronological and Hf isotopic data and whole-rock elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic analytical results for the Carboniferous strata and associated intrusions obtained from boreholes in the western Junggar Basin. The Carboniferous strata comprise basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite with minor pyroclastic rocks, intruded by granitic intrusions with zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry U–Pb ages of 327–324 Ma. The volcanic rocks are calc-alkaline and show low high ε_Nd(t) values (5.3–5.6) and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703561–0.703931), strong enrichment in LREEs, and some LILEs and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti. Furthermore, they also display high (La/Sm)_N (1.36–1.63), Zr/Nb, and La/Yb, variable Ba/La and Ba/Th and constant Th/Yb ratios. These geochemical data, together with low Sm/Yb (1.18–1.38) and La/Sm (2.11–2.53) ratios, suggest that these volcanic rocks were derived from a 5–8% partial melting of a mainly spinel Iherzolite-depleted mantle metasomatized by slab-derived fluids and melts of some sediments in an island-arc setting. In contrast, the granitic intrusions represent typical adakite geochemical features of high Sr and low Y and Yb contents, with no significant Eu anomalies, high Mg#, and depleted ε_Nd(t) (5.6–6.4) and ε_Hf(t) (13.7–16.2) isotopic compositions, suggesting their derivation from partial melting of hot subducted oceanic crust. In combination with the previous work, the West Junggar terrane and adjacent western Junggar Basin are interpreted as a Mariana-type arc system driven by northwestward subduction of the Junggar Ocean, possibly with a tectonic transition from normal to ridge subduction commencing ca. at 331–327 Ma.     

Review Section

ABSTRACT

The petrology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the early Permian volcanic rocks from Houtoumiao area, south Xiwuqi County in central Inner Mongolia of China, are studied to elucidate the early Permian tectonic setting of the region. The volcanic rocks, which are interbedded with sandstone, feature both mafic and felsic compositions and show a bimodal nature. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the volcanic rocks formed at 274–278 Ma, similar to the ages of bimodal magmatism in neighbouring areas. The mafic rocks are composed of tholeiitic basalt, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and trachyandesite. They are rich in Th, U, and LILEs, depleted in HFSEs Nb, Ta, and Ti, and have positive ε_Nd(t) values (+3.6 to +7.9). Geochemical analyses indicate that the mafic rocks originated from metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The felsic volcanic rocks are mainly rhyolite, with minor trachyte and dacite. They have different evolutionary tendencies of major elements, chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and isotopic compositions from the mafic volcanic rocks, which preclude formation by fractional crystallization of mafic melts. The ε_Nd(t) values of the felsic rocks are similar to those of the Carboniferous Baolidao arc rocks in the region. It is suggested that Permian felsic melts originated from the partial melting of Carboniferous juvenile arc-related rocks. By comparison with typical Cenozoic bimodal volcanism associated with several tectonic settings, including rift, post-collisional setting, back-arc basin, and the Basin and Range, USA, the bimodal volcanic rocks in central Inner Mongolia display similar petrological and geochemical characteristics to the rocks from back-arc basin and the Basin and Range, USA. Based on the analysis of regional geological data, it is inferred that the early Permian bimodal volcanic rocks in the study area formed on an extensional continental margin of the Siberian palaeoplate after late Carboniferous subduction–accretion.     

成都经济区土壤质量地球化学评估

通过对成都经济区土壤重金属元素和有益元素含量高低的测定,参照相关国家或行业标准,根据土壤环境质量、土壤养分质量进行地球化学分等,最终进行土壤质量地球化学评价。结果表明:成都经济区土壤质量以Ⅲ、Ⅳ等为主,占调查面积的56.05%左右,土壤较清洁,养分较高,适宜农业生产;其次是Ⅴ、Ⅵ等,占总面积的39.02%左右,土壤存在不同程度的重金属污染现象,养分低,应加强管理;Ⅰ、Ⅱ等土壤面积仅占4.95%,是发展有机、无公害农业的理想区域,应注意强化保护和合理利用。