西樵山地质公园旅游景观形成、分类及其综合评价

西樵山是广东的名山、国家级风景名胜区,最近被批准建设国家地质公园.西樵山位于华夏板块新生代北东向伸展盆地--三水盆地的西南端,是新生代盆地内粗面质火山,火山机构保存完整.经后期的构造切割和各种侵蚀风化作用,西樵山火山形成了诸多俊秀的山峰,幽深的峡谷、瀑布.西樵山古石器制造场是省级重点文物保护单位,反映了悠久的历史文化,被考古学家誉为"珠江文明的灯塔".总体判断,遗迹具有极高的科考价值,西樵山地质旅游景观具有优美的观赏价值,可以建成具有重要影响力的珠江三角洲地区国家地质公园.     

Observations of vertical ground accelerations exceeding gravity during the 1997 Umbria-Marche (central Italy) earthquakes

We found extensive evidence that the vertical ground accelerations produced during the largest shock (M = 6.0) of the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake sequence exceeded 1g in two areas close to the heavily-damaged villages of Annifo and Colle Croce. This evidence comes from the striking observation of thousands of freshly fractured and broken rocks and stones in these areas. Some of the broken stones lie isolated on soft detritic soil while others had been previously piled up, probably a long time agoto clear the fields for farming. The freshness of the cuts and fractures and the consistency of the observations for thousands of rocks and stones in these areas indicate that these rocks were thrown upwards during the earthquake, with breakage occurring at the time of impact. Ground motion calculations consistent with the static deformation inferred from GPS and interferometry data, show that the broken stones and rocks are found in the zone where the strongest shaking took place during the earthquake and that most of the shaking there was vertical.     

土石混合体分形几何特征与强度演化特征

针对土石混合体的结构性特点,以含石量为20%、30%、40%、50%、60%的土石混合体为研究对象,基于多重分形原理研究多重分形特征,研究分形维数与强度之间的关系。研究表明,土石混合体具有双重分形特征,不同尺度条件下具有不同分形指标,包括块石粒度、土体粒度以及平均粒度等分形维数,与含石量相关。单轴压缩试验表明,抗压强度随含石量增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,根据单维分形特征,确定最优含石量约为40%。建立了含石量、不同分形维数指标与抗压强度之间的关系,分析了双重因素综合影响下抗压强度的变化特征,确定了含石量与分形维数之间存在最优区域。     

一种新玉种—黄龙玉

黄龙玉矿床主要分布在云南省保山市龙陵县小黑山一带,矿体产于三叠系公养河群板岩与花岗岩接触带上。自古生代以来,除石炭纪、古近纪和新近纪外,其它地层均有出露。矿区岩浆活动频繁,具有多期次多阶段的岩浆侵入。黄龙玉的化学成分主要为SiO2,矿物成分为石英、玉髓和蛋白石,相对密度2.65～2.70,折射率1.54～1.56,Fe3+为致色离子,颜色成因以内源氧化转色为主,隐晶质—微粒结构,块状构造、条带状构造和角砾状构造。本文对黄龙玉产出的地质特征、宝石矿物学特征、品质特征以及与相似宝玉石—田黄和黄色翡翠对比等方面进行了深入阐述,为市场宝石的鉴别提供了一定的参考价值。     

Calcified roasting-acid leaching process of vanadium from low-grade vanadium-containing stone coal

The low-grade vanadium-containing stone coal used in this experiment was collected from Wuxi Coun- try, Chongqing City, China. The experiment focused on the vanadium recovery from roasted residue through opti- mizing the process conditions of an effective and environmentally-friendly technology, named calcified roast- ing-sulfuric acid leaching technology. By single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, the effects of roast- ing temperature, roasting time, sulfuric acid concentration and leaching time on the leaching ratio of vanadium were analyzed. The results showed that the leaching ratio of vanadium reached 85.5% under the proper technological con- ditions of roasting temperature=950℃, roasting time=4 h, 40% concentration of sulfuric acid and leaching time=6 h.     

一种新方法处理软玉的鉴定特征

首次报道了一种拼合处理的软玉及其鉴定特征。通过常规宝石学测试、红外光谱和X荧光能谱分析,对该类样品进行了鉴定。结果显示,从外观上,样品的＂皮＂与主体结合处的颜色分界截然,有明显的粘结痕迹和大量的蜡与气泡;拼合面两侧区域的红外光谱完全不一样;X荧光能谱显示,其＂皮＂较主体部分缺少Ca峰。根据测试结果认为,样品应为染色岫玉软玉拼合石。     

麦饭石对腐殖酸及重金属离子的吸附作用

研究了麦饭石对腐殖酸和重金属离子（Ｈｇ２＋,Ｐｂ２＋,Ｃｕ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋,Ｃｄ２＋）的吸附作用,实验结果表明麦饭石对腐殖酸和重金属离子都具有较好的吸附性能,且腐殖酸的存在有利于麦饭石对重金属离子的吸附。ｐＨ值是影响吸附的重要因素,当ｐＨ值为５．０～６．０时,麦饭石同时吸附腐殖酸和重金属离子的效果最好,麦饭石在吸附腐殖酸和重金属离子的同时能溶出微量元素硒,这对于大骨节病的防治有重要意义。     

瞬态瑞雷波法在工程检测中的应用研究

本文简要介绍了瞬态瑞雷波法的工作原理,野外观测及数据采集系统,并总结出了资料处理解释流程图,同时从工程实践出发,探讨了该项新技术应用于高速公路建设中的优点,存在问题及未来发展趋势。     

石煤中钒的氧化动力学初步研究

含钒石煤是我国一种新类型钒矿资源,钒的氧化是石煤提钒的基础。本文对钒的氧化动力学作了初步工作,通过试验数据处理结果表明,采用Ерофеев综合动力学公式:描述石煤中钒的氧化过程:2VO2固+1/2O2=Y2O5固简明可行,较为适宜。 钒氧化反应初期阶段以动力学方式进行:n1=1,属一级反应过程;继之,n2=0.2,反应受扩散制约。测定了由动力学过程转换为扩散过程所需的反应时间及其钒氧化率,计算了这两种过程的速率常数和表观活化能。     

中国菊花石的矿物组成特征

中国菊花石产于二叠纪栖霞组碳酸盐岩层位中,菊花石经光学显微鉴定,Ｘ－射线衍射分析和ｘ－射线能谱仪测试,其原生矿物主要天青石和菱锶矿,两种含锶矿物后期广泛被方解石,白云石和石英交代,依据其菊花石原生矿物组成,将我国菊花石划分为天青石型（浏阳菊花石为典型）菱锶矿型（宣恩,来宾菊花石）和青青石－菱锶矿混合型（永丰型菊花石）菊花石三种类型。