阿尔泰山南缘中—酸性斑岩的地球化学特征及其岩石成因探讨

阿尔泰山南缘中—酸性斑岩侵入于中泥盆统北塔山组火山岩地层中,斑岩体规模较小,主要岩石类型为闪长斑岩、石英闪长斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩、石英二长斑岩等。对哈腊苏、卡拉先格尔、喀腊萨依、托斯巴斯陶和乔夏哈拉等5个与铜矿有关矿区的斑岩研究表明,其地球化学特征既有相似性,又有不同的特点,其中SiO2含量为534%~662%,A/CNK为098~127(大多数小于1),稀土元素表现为轻稀土相对富集、不具Eu异常的特点。微量元素表现为明显的Nb和Ta的负异常。但是Harker图解以及稀土元素配分曲线表明,不同地区的斑岩不存在演化关系。斑岩的Sr和Nd同位素组成基本上与与其共生的玄武岩相同,因此根据实验岩石学以及稀土模拟结果推测,它们可能是岛弧阶段底侵的基性岩石部分熔融形成的,源区相当于下地壳无水的角闪岩相,但含有少量的石榴子石,其中石榴子石和角闪石比例的差别可能是导致不同地区斑岩地球化学特征差别的主要原因。     

西藏蓬湖西蛇绿岩地球化学及构造背景研究

西藏蓬湖西蛇绿岩隶属于班公湖—怒江缝合带的中段,是藏北湖区较好的堆晶岩剖面之一。形成该堆晶岩时矿物分离结晶顺序为铬铁矿→橄榄石→单斜辉石→斜长石,分离结晶作用具有由富镁质、铁质向富铝质、钙质演化趋势。堆晶岩主量元素组成与世界典型蛇绿堆晶岩成分相似;各种堆晶岩石的微量元素和稀土元素配分曲线总体上基本一致,反映其同源性;岩石Nb和Ta亏损,稀土元素含量很低,分配模式呈LREE微弱亏损的平坦型。该蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地扩张中心,属SSZ型蛇绿岩。     

近靶纠偏轨道设计问题的解析解

在钻井监测过程中,当前井底接近目标点时,纠偏轨道一般采用“线段-圆弧”形式来设计。建立了近靶轨道设计的数学模型,对4种求解组合给出了数学模型的解析解。阐述了解析解的一个应用：绘制解析解曲线图能够帮助计算机软件使用者做出更加合理的纠偏轨道设计。实际算例表明,解析解能够准确、快速地给出近靶纠偏轨道的设计方案,对于指导钻井监测工作有一定的指导意义。     

二维圆弧型井眼轨道设计问题的通解

二维圆弧型井眼轨道是常规定向井、水平井轨道设计优先考虑的剖面类型,应用比较广泛。但是由于井段组合形式很多,并且对于同一种井段组合还有很多种未知数求解组合,推导每种井段组合和求解组合情况下的解的计算公式的工作非常繁重和复杂。研究了任意井段组合和任意求解组合的通解问题,发现井眼轨道设计问题的约束方程组可以化归成线性代数方程组或者4种典型方程组之一;得到了4种典型方程组的实数解的计算公式,并给出了有实数解的判别条件。对于二维圆弧型井眼轨道设计问题的基础理论研究和计算机软件开发都有重要的意义。     

大陆内部浆控高温热液矿床成矿流体性质及其与岛弧区同类矿床的差异

本文总结了中国大陆内部不同构造单元60个浆控高温热液型矿床的矿床地质地球化学特征,这些矿床包括了常称的斑岩型、矽卡岩型、爆破角砾岩型、脉型和IOCG型,它们形成并分布于碰撞造山带、断裂一岩浆岩带和活化陆内造山带或克拉通边缘等3类构造环境,围岩蚀变普遍以钾长石化、绿帘石化、萤石化、碳酸盐化等相对贫水蚀变为主,而绢云母化、绿泥石化、黑云母化等富水蚀变较弱;成矿流体以高盐度、富CO_2区别于岩浆弧区同类矿床的贫CO_2的NaCl-H_2O型流体,并且富F、富K.分析表明,陆内与岩浆弧背景浆控高温热液矿床围岩蚀变及成矿流体性质的差异缘于其源区物质成分的差别,大陆壳具有较高的K/Na、F/Cl、CO_2/H_2O等比值,而大洋壳则具有极低的K/Na、F/Cl、CO_2/H_2O等比值.     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Mafic Dikes from Hainan Island and Tectonic Implications

Abstract: In the present study, the major and trace element compositions, as well as Sr, Nd isotopic compositions and K-Ar age data in mafic dikes from Hainan Island, China, have been analyzed. Whole-rock K-Ar dating yielded a magmatic duration of 61–98 Ma for mafic dikes. Mafic dikes have a very high concentration of incompatible elements, for example, Ba, Rb, Sr, K, rare earth elements, and especially light rare earth elements (LREE), and negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, and Ti in the normalized trace element patterns. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εSr(t) of the mafic dikes are 0.70634–0.71193 and +27.7 to +112.2, respectively. In the 87Sr/86Sr versus εNd(t) diagram, the Hainan Island mafic dikes plot between fields for depleted mantle and enriched mantle type 2. All these characteristics show that the mantle (source region) of mafic dikes in this area experienced metasomatism by fluids relatively enriched in LREE and large ion lithophile elements. The genesis of Hainan Island mafic dikes is explained as a result of the mixing of asthenospheric mantle with lithospheric mantle that experienced metasomatism by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. This is different from the Hainan Island Cenozoic basalts mainly derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle, and possibly, minor metasomatised lithospheric mantle. This study suggests that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic lithospheric revolutions in Hainan Island can be divided into three stages: (1) the compression orogenesis stage before 98 Ma. The dominant factor during this stage is the subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate beneath this area. The lithospheric mantle changed into enriched mantle type 2 by metasomatism; (2) the thinning and extension stage during 61–98 Ma. The dominant factor during this stage is that the asthenospheric mantle invaded and corroded the lithospheric mantle; and (3) the large-scale thinning and extension stage after 61 Ma. The large-scale asthenospheric upwelling results in the strong erupting of Cenozoic basalts, large-scale thinning of the lithosphere, the southward translating and counterclockwise rotating of Hainan Island, and the opening of the South China Sea.     

Two contrasting magmatic types coexist after the cessation of back-arc spreading

Amongst island arcs, Izu–Bonin is remarkable as it has widespread, voluminous and long-lived volcanism behind the volcanic front. In the central part of the arc this volcanism is represented by a series of seamount chains which extend nearly 300 km into the back-arc from the volcanic front. These back-arc seamount chains were active between 17 and 3 Ma, which is the period between the cessation of spreading in the Shikoku Basin and the initiation of currently active rifting just behind the Quaternary volcanic front. In this paper we present new age, chemical and isotopic data from the hitherto unexplored seamounts which formed furthest from the active volcanic front. Some of the samples come from volcanoes at the western limit of the back-arc seamount chains. Others are collected from seamounts of various sizes which lie on the Shikoku Basin crust (East Shikoku Basin seamounts). The westernmost magmatism we have sampled is manifested as a series of volcanic edifices that trace the extinct spreading centre of the Shikoku Basin known as the Kinan Seamount Chain (KSC).Chemically, enrichment in fluid-mobile elements and depletion in HFSE relative to MORB indicates that the back-arc seamount chains and the East Shikoku Basin seamounts have a significant contribution of slab-derived material. In this context these volcanoes can be regarded as a manifestation of arc magmatism and distinct from the MORB-like lavas of the Shikoku back-arc basin. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages range from 15.7 to 9.6 Ma for the East Shikoku Basin seamounts, indicating this arc magmatism started immediately after the Shikoku Basin stopped spreading.Although the KSC volcanoes are found to be contemporaneous with the seamount chains and East Shikoku Basin seamounts, their chemical characteristics are very different. Unlike the calc-alkaline seamount chains, the KSC lavas range from medium-K to shoshonitic alkaline basalt. Their trace element characteristics indicate the absence of a subduction influence and their radiogenic isotope systematics reflect a mantle source combining a Philippine Sea MORB composition and an enriched mantle component (EM-1). One of the most remarkable features of the KSC is that their geochemistry has a distinct temporal variation. Element ratios such as Nb/Zr and concentrations of incompatible elements such as K₂O increase with decreasing age and reach a maximum at ca. 7 Ma when the KSC ceased activity.Based on the chemical and temporal information from all the data across the back-arc region, we have identified two contrasting yet contemporaneous magmatic provinces. These share a tectonic platform, but have separate magmatic roots; one stemming from subduction flux and the other from post-spreading asthenospheric melting.     

滇西北维西陆缘弧月亮坪早三叠世VMS型铅锌矿床的发现及地质意义

滇西北维西陆缘弧夹持于扬子地块和兰坪地块之间,是古特提斯时期形成的火山弧,中—下三叠统攀天阁组酸性端元和崔依比组基性端元构成的双峰式火山岩是其主要组成部分,被视为研究古特提斯洋俯冲和闭合过程的关键区带.本文初次在该火山岩带攀天阁组长英质火山岩中发现了1处V MS型矿床——月亮坪铅锌矿.初步野外调查显示,铅锌矿体具有"上...     

关于发展洋板块地质学的思考

为揭示造山带物质组成和结构构造,发展洋板块地质学,阐明大陆形成演化过程和动力来源,应用板块构造理论和地质学方法,对造山带俯冲增生杂岩带、蛇绿岩带等大洋岩石圈板块地质建造、结构构造进行系统研究,寻找俯冲带岛弧前弧火成岩组合;研究洋板块初始俯冲过程中,从前弧玄武岩到玻安岩、高镁安山岩,再到弧拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性熔岩的岩浆作用分阶段递进演变历史,以揭示洋盆向大陆转化的原始弧性质和前弧火成岩组合及洋陆转换过程,为建立和发展洋板块地质学奠定科学基础.     

High resolution mapping,description and interpretation of the foreshore in front of the great undercliff landslides; the Plateau,Dowlands and Bindon within the Axmouth to Lyme Regis Undercliffs National Nature Reserve,south Devon coast,England, and how that might inform understanding of the mechanisms of failure

The Axmouth to Lyme Regis Undercliff National Nature Reserve contains three highly unusual landslides; the Plateau, Dowlands and Bindon. The failure surface of the Plateau landslide is clearly within the Triassic strata rather than on the Jurassic-Cretaceous unconformity, which is the primary failure surface elsewhere along this coast. The nature of the famous Bindon Landslide of 1839, which formed Goat Island and the Chasm, has been the subject of much debate since it was first described by Buckland and Conybeare in 1840. While it is broadly agreed to be a translational failure, the stratigraphic location of the failure surface is still not agreed. This paper examines the Plateau slip in detail and attempts to apply what can be seen there to Dowlands and Bindon. While Pitts undertook a highly detailed mapping exercise of the landslides throughout the undercliff itself, he did not map the foreshore in any detail. Therefore an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle or drone was used to generate a high resolution photomontage of the foreshore in front of all three landslides to enable detailed mapping of the features contained within it. The results are available on the web. The mapping does not resolve the question of the location of the failure surface of both Dowlands and Bindon but it provides further detail for interpretation.