The middle to late Archean Iron Ore Group rocks occurring along the western margin (the Western Iron Ore basin) of the Singhbhum Granite massif in the Singhbhum craton were deformed during Iron Ore orogeny and are disposed in a horseshoe-shaped synclinal structure in the eastern part of the Indian shield. The Western Iron Ore basin hosts almost all the major high-grade iron ore deposits of eastern India. Contrary to the established view, present analysis emphasizes that the horseshoe fold in reality is a synclinorium consisting of a syncline–anticline fold pair which were later cross-folded along an east–west axis.
Structural analysis in the eastern anticline of the ‘horseshoe synclinorium’ suggests that the BIF hosting the high-grade iron ore bodies are disposed in three linear NNE–SSW trending belts, each showing an open synclinal geometry. Later cross folding produced development of widespread dome and basin pattern at the sub-horizontal hinge zones of these synclinal fold belts. The major iron ore deposits in the eastern anticline at the present level of erosion are preferentially localized within shallow elongated basinal structures only. The axis of the adjoining western syncline was similarly uplifted as partial culminations where cross-folded against E–W anticlinal axes. But here, the BIF-iron ore bodies are preferentially localized within elongated domal structures in contrast to the basinal sites in the adjacent eastern anticline. Such an inference based on structural analysis could probably be utilized as a potential tool for all future explorations, reserve estimation and recovery of the iron ore deposits in the terrain. 相似文献
Phase relations in Mg0.5Fe0.5SiO3 and Mg0.25Fe0.75SiO3 were investigated in a pressure range from 72 to 123 GPa on the basis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements in situ at high-pressure and -temperature in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC). Results demonstrate that Mg0.5Fe0.5SiO3 perovskite is formed as a single phase at 85–108 GPa and 1800–2330 K, indicating a high solubility of FeO in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite at high pressures. Post-perovskite appears coexisting with perovskite in Mg0.5Fe0.5SiO3 above 106 GPa at 1410 K, the condition very close to the post-perovskite phase transition boundary in pure MgSiO3. The coexistence of perovskite and post-perovskite was observed to 123 GPa. In addition, post-perovskite was formed coexisting with perovskite also in Mg0.25Fe0.75SiO3 bulk composition at 106–123 GPa. In contrast to earlier experimental and theoretical studies, these results show that incorporation of FeO stabilizes perovskite at higher pressures. This could be due to a larger ionic radius of Fe2+ ion, which is incompatible with a small Mg2+ site in the post-perovskite phase. 相似文献
The atmospheric reaction between HS and NO2 was theoretically investigated at 298 K and 1 atm of pressure. Our results show that the first reaction step will lead to the formation of HSNO2 or HSONO, spontaneously and exothermically. HSONO easily decomposes into HSO + NO. On the other hand, HSNO2 can hardly dissociate in the reactants, and its isomerization to other adducts is much hindered. Production of HNO + SO and SNO + OH was found to be unfavorable. Thus, the main products would be HSO + NO and HSNO2, and new investigations focusing on the atmospheric fate of HSNO2 are suggested. A general discussion of the fate of HS under atmospheric conditions is presented. Recent investigations indicate that NO2, O2 and N2O should be the most important oxidants of HS, while the O3 influence will not be significant. 相似文献
A dramatic decrease in the catch of shellfish has been observed due to the high amount of Acid Volatile Sulfide(AVS) in the tidal flats in Japan.In the current study,an evaluation of simultaneous bioelectricity generation and remediation of sulfide contaminated tidal flat sediment has been done.The sediment samples collected from Tokyo Bay and Yamaguchi Bay,Japan,have been used in the laboratory test.A 2 L cylindrical shaped Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell(SMFC) has been used to evaluate the remediation of both sediment samples in the laboratory.Three different electrode materials carbon felt,carbon fiber and bamboo charcoal were used in the experiments to compare their efficiency to reduce the AVS from the sediment and generate bioelectricity.It was observed that the AVS reduction was higher at 5 cm depths for the Tokyo Bay sediment(100%) compared to the Yamaguchi Bay sediment(60%).The larger grain size for the Tokyo Bay sediment was the probable reason for this.The maximum voltage was around 100 and80 mV for Tokyo Bay and Yamaguchi Bay,respectively. 相似文献
Magnetization measurements have been made on natural coke–coal samples collected at various distances from a felsic porphyry dike in a coal seam in Dutch Creek Mine, Colorado to help characterize the nature and distribution of the iron-bearing phases. The magnetization passes through a maximum at the coke-to-coal transition about 31 cm from the dike contact. The magnetic measurements support the geochemical data indicating that magmatic fluids along with a high-temperature gas pulse moved into the coal bed. Interaction of the magmatic fluids with the coal diminished the reducing power of the thermal gas pulse from the dike to a point about 24 cm into the coal. The hot reducing gas penetrated further and produced a high temperature (400–525°C) zone (at about 31 cm) just ahead of the magmatic fluids. Metallic iron found in this zone is the principal cause of the observed high magnetization. Beyond this zone, the temperature was too low to alter the coal significantly. 相似文献
The platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold have been determined in twenty international rock reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after pre-concentration by a nickel sulfide fire assay. It was possible to achieve determination limits for a 50 g sample that ranged from 1 pg g-1 (Rh) to 23 pg g-1 (Au). Compared to published certified and recommended values for rock reference materials, the trueness of the method was found to be good. However, in some cases we observed large deviations for all elements in the sub 10 ng g-1 range within individual reference sample splits. Our results show that the PGE and Au are inhomogeneously distributed in the reference materials analysed here, where they are present in low concentrations, using 50 g test portions. 相似文献
Seepage of hydrocarbon-rich fluids out of the marine sedimentary column is characterized by temporal changes of flow intensity and resultant spatially variable redox conditions. Authigenic carbonates at marine hydrocarbon seeps provide excellent geological and geochemical archives that serve to explore seepage dynamics over time. In this study, we investigated the potential of Mössbuaer spectroscopy and Fe contents of seep-related authigenic carbonates from the Congo Fan, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Black Sea for reconstructing past redox conditions and fluid seepage activity at cold seeps. The Fe speciation observed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and Fe contents suggest that (1) the Congo Fan carbonates precipitated in a sulfidic environment, (2) the formation conditions of seep carbonates were variable at the Gulf of Mexico seep site, ranging from oxic to suboxic and anoxic and even spanning into the methanogenic zone, and (3) the stratified water column of the Black Sea or suboxic condition resulted in low Fe contents of Black Sea carbonates. The study reveals that Fe speciation can provide constraints on the wide range of redox conditions that imprinted seep carbonates during the life span of seepage. Similarly, Mössbauer spectroscopy – particularly when used in combination with the analysis of redox-sensitive elements – is a promising tool to trace variable redox conditions in marine paleoenvironments other than seeps. 相似文献
Sediment chemistry and meiofaunal samples were collected in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, to examine the relationship between sediment variables and meiofauna diversity across near- and far-field gradients surrounding several finfish aquaculture operations. The sediment variables examined consisted of free sulfide concentrations, redox potential (E(NHE)), organic content, and sediment grain size. A strong trend between sediment texture and organic content was observed across all sampling locations, which reflected a wide range of sediment types (sand-silt) that exist within the Broughton Archipelago. The abundance of certain meiofaunal groups (kinorhynchs, crustaceans, polychaetes) declined in an asymptotic fashion with increasing free sulfide concentrations, an indicator of benthic organic enrichment. Within these relationships, low meiofaunal abundances occurred in fine sediments associated with higher organic contents. Although other groups (nematodes, foraminifera) showed a slight decline in abundance with increasing organic enrichment, a high amount of variability in abundance was observed at high free sulfide concentrations, rendering these groups not suitable as indicators of organic enrichment. This study reports both horizontal and vertical trends in meiofaunal distributions relative to free sulfide concentrations. The abundance of nematode and crustacean taxa decreased with sediment depth as well as increasing sulfide concentration, while polycheate abundance increased with increasing free sulfide concentration. The ratio of nematodes to copepods was also shown to represent the degree of organic loading associated with aquaculture operations and its application as an indicator of benthic impact is discussed. 相似文献