山东省莱州-安丘铁成矿带成矿规律探析

成矿带内主要赋矿层位为古元古代粉子山群和荆山群变质地层,铁矿成因可归纳3种成因类型,即层控沉积变质型、受断裂构造控制的高中温热液型和岩浆熔离型。沉积变质铁矿层控特征明显,其赋存层位为古元古代粉子山群小宋组;热液型铁矿严格受断裂构造、层间构造所控制,不论在垂向或水平方向上与蛇纹岩或磁铁蛇纹岩均呈过渡关系,矿体多呈形态复杂的透镜状产于古元古代粉子山群小宋组和荆山群野头组祥山段;岩浆熔离型铁矿位于昌邑大店断裂与平度断裂相接部位,成矿母岩为古元古代莱州岩套西水夼细粒变辉长岩,矿体赋存于古元古代荆山群野头组中。     

铁组分对早期海洋化学演化的指示

地球表生环境在地质历史时期经历了剧烈的波动,为当前建设宜居地球提供了重要参照。铁组分是重建古海洋氧化还原状态演化的重要指标,但现有的研究集中于FeHR/FeT和Fepy/FeHR两个比值的应用,而对其中不同组分所携带的信息缺少深入的挖掘。本研究统计了已发表的、泥盆纪之前的、采用程序萃取方法获得的铁组分数据,对其中不同的组分所可能指示的海洋化学信息进行了研究。我们发现氧化环境中氧化铁的含量有可能用于追踪长周期上大气-海洋系统的氧含量波动、总铁含量与海洋中铁的含量密切相关、铁化环境中黄铁矿铁的含量对海洋硫酸盐库大小的演化有很好的响应。我们的工作表明,铁组分指标是指示海洋局部氧化还原状态的强大指标,其不同的组分与海洋中氧气、碳和硫酸盐等存在极强的交互过程,可以被用来重建海洋的化学演化。     

蛇纹石化过程中铁活动性的高温高压实验研究

蛇纹石化过程中铁的活动性影响铁氧化物的形成和体系的氧逸度。然而,关于橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中各矿物(橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石)蚀变过程中铁的活动性仍没有详细的研究。本文报道了80~200℃、饱和蒸气压下,不同的初始流体、水岩比条件下,橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中铁的活动性。结果表明,蛇纹石化流体的铁含量较低(0.0~0.7mmol/kg),没有形成铁氧化物或铁氢氧化物,铁主要富集在蛇纹石和未反应的初始矿物中(例如,橄榄石和辉石)。由橄榄石蚀变形成的蛇纹石和由斜方辉石蚀变生成的蛇纹石化学组成相差较大,前者富铁而贫铝,后者贫铁而富铝。但当初始流体为碱性的0.5mol/L Na Cl(aq)时,两种不同来源的蛇纹石组成相差不大。尤为重要的是,单斜辉石蚀变生成的蛇纹石铁含量较高,8.1%~10.2%Fe O,远高于单斜辉石的铁含量(2.6%Fe O)。以上表明,低温蛇纹石化过程中,铁不能够大规模、长距离的运移,但在微米尺度上是活动的。     

Humic Substances as a Mediator for Microbially Catalyzed Metal Reduction

The potential for humic substances to serve as a terminal electron acceptor in microbial respiration and to function as an electron shuttle between Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms and insoluble Fe(III) oxides was investigated. The Fe(III)-reducing microorganism Geobacter metallireducens conserved energy to support growth from electron transport to humics as evidenced by continued oxidation of acetate to carbon dioxide after as many as nine transfers in a medium with acetate as the electron donor and soil humic acids as the electron acceptor. Growth of G. metallireducens with poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor was greatly stimulated by the addition of as little as 100 μM of the humics analog, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate. Other quinones investigated, including lawsone, menadione, and anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, also stimulated Fe(III) oxide reduction. A wide phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms capable of Fe(III) reduction were also able to transfer electrons to humics. Microorganisms which can not reduce Fe(III) could not reduce humics. Humics stimulated the reduction of structural Fe(III) in clay and the crystalline Fe(III) forms, goethite and hematite. These results demonstrate that electron shuttling between Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms and Fe(III) via humics not only accelerates the microbial reduction of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide, but also can facilitate the reduction of Fe(III) forms that are not typically reduced by microorganisms in the absence of humics. Addition of humic substances to enhance electron shuttling between Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms and Fe(III) oxides may be a useful strategy to stimulate the remediation of soils and sediments contaminated with organic or metal pollutants.     

Biologischer Abbau der Photolyseprodukte von FeIIIEDTA

Biodegradation of the Photolysis Products of Fe^IIIEDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) is not biodegraded by activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. This work shows that after photolysis of Fe^IIIEDTA, easily degradable metabolites are formed. The OECD Test 302 B yielded a 53% bioelimination with a sunlight irradiation time of 6.5 hours followed by a 4-week incubation. After 20 hours of sunlight irradiation, EDTA is bioeliminated to 92%. One of the photolytic degradation products, ethylenediaminediacetate (EDDA), has been quantitatively eliminated within 14 days following a lag-phase of 2 weeks. The photolysis of the iron complexes of the phosphonates ATMP and DTPMP did not result in biologically degradable metabolites. With these results, the environmental impact of EDTA can be re-evaluated emphasizing the amount and fate of Fe^IIIEDTA in the environment. Fe^IIIEDTA was found to be present in effluents of wastewater treatment plants at fractions from 20 to 90% of the total EDTA. Fe^IIIEDTA has a half life of about 2 hours in sunlit waters. Complexes of EDTA with other metals do not exchange with iron and are photostable. Therefore, EDTA behaves like 2 different compounds: – Fe^IIIEDTA undergoes fast photolysis with biodegradation of the metabolites. – The other metal-EDTA complexes are persistent in the environment. Ecological arguments against the use of EDTA are therefore still valid for all EDTA-complexes except the one of Fe(III). However, Fe(III) complexes with the phosphonates ATMP and DTPMP do not exhibit such favorable properties over other metal-complexes, and so all arguments against the use of phosphonates are still valid.     

海洋环境Fe同位素地球化学研究进展

Fe是海洋“生物泵”中限制浮游生物生长和控制海洋初级生产力的主要因素之一,也可间接影响大气中CO2含量,反馈于全球的气候变化。近年来基于多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC ICP MS)分析方法的改进及测试精度的提高,应用Fe同位素组成、变化及其分馏机制,为研究海水中Fe的主要来源以及示踪海洋环境中Fe的循环过程等,提供了一个有效地球化学指标,也对示踪地球不同演化阶段的海洋沉积环境变化具有指示意义。较为详细地介绍了海洋环境中不同储库的Fe同位素组成,洋中脊热液流体—玄武岩、海水—大洋玄武岩等水—岩反应影响Fe同位素分馏效应的主要因素及地球不同演化阶段古海洋沉积环境中的Fe同位素变化。认为海洋环境下Fe同位素可以产生较为明显的分馏作用,轻铁同位素具有更易活动、易迁移的特征,并进一步提出不同相态、不同矿物间Fe同位素分馏系数的确定等相关问题仍是今后Fe同位素研究的主要方向。     

铁对浮游植物吸收营养盐的围隔实验初步研究

利用围隔实验初步研究了铁的加入对浮游植物吸收营养盐的影响。结果表明,春季向黄海天然水体中进行单纯的DIN和PO4-P加富并不能明显地促进浮游植物的生长(M2与M1相比),在营养盐加富的条件下铁的加入则能够对浮游植物的生长起到明显地促进作用(M3、M4与M2相比);铁的加入能够明显提高浮游植物对DIN和PO4-P的吸收利用率。加铁围隔M3和M4中浮游植物对DIN的吸收利用率分别为59%和45%,分别比M2提高了9倍和6.5倍;对PO4-P的吸收利用率分别为88%和86%,均比M2提高了3.2倍。M3和M4中浮游植物对氮的平均吸收速率分别是M1的2倍和M2的1.5倍;对磷的平均吸收速率以M3中最高,达到了其他围隔袋的2倍之多。铁的加入能够提高浮游植物对氮的平均吸收速率;对于磷来说,低浓度(10-2μmol/L)添加铁似乎对其吸收速率无甚影响,但是添加10-1μmol/L的铁能够明显的促进浮游植物对磷的吸收速率。铁的加入能够明显降低浮游植物体内的氮磷比,且这种响应非常敏感。     

The occurrences and geochemical characteristics of thorium in iron ore in the Bayan Obo deposit,Northern China

The Bayan Obo deposit in northern China is an ultra-large Fe–REE–Nb deposit.The occurrences,and geochemical characteristics of thorium in iron ores from the Bayan Obo Main Ore Body were examined using chemical analysis,field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer,and automatic mineral analysis software.Results identified that 91.69%of ThO2 in the combined samples was mainly distributed in rare earth minerals(bastnaesite,huanghoite,monazite;56.43%abundance in the samples),iron minerals(magnetite,hematite,pyrite;20.97%),niobium minerals(aeschynite;14.29%),and gangue minerals(aegirine,riebeckite,mica,dolomite,apatite,fluorite;4.22%).An unidentified portion(4.09%)of ThO2 may occur in other niobium minerals(niobite,ilmenorutile,pyrochlore).Only a few independent minerals of thorium occur in the iron ore samples.Thorium mainly occurs in rare earth minerals in the form of isomorphic substitution.Analyses of the geochemical characteristics of the major elements indicate that thorium mineralization in the Main Ore Body was related to alkali metasomatism,which provided source material and favorable porosity for hydrothermal mineralization.Trace elements such as Sc,Nb,Zr,and Ta have higher correlation coefficients with thorium,which resulted from being related to the relevant minerals formed during thorium mineralization.In addition,correlation analysis of ThO2 and TFe,and REO and TFe in the six types of iron ore samples showed that ThO2 did not always account for the highest distribution rate in rare earth minerals,and the main occurrence minerals of ThO2 were closely related to iron ore types.     

铁镍硫化物及其在生命起源中的可能作用

20世纪80年代后期国际上众多学者指出,过渡金属硫化物能促进无氧反应,可能在生命起源演化过程中起到重要作用。本文介绍了目前流行的生命起源理论,分析了实验条件下已取得的有机合成成果及相关生命的重要物质(如丙酮酸、乙酸和一些短的多肽等)在铁镍硫化物作用下的合成;讨论了几种可能的有机化合反应机理,开展铁镍硫化物催化剂性能、厌氧有机合成机理、合成条件最优化的研究,以及古洋底环境,提供了与地球早期生命起源相关的信息。     

中条山—塔儿山成矿区带铜铁金矿床成矿系列组合及成矿模式

中条山一塔儿山成矿区带位于华北与华南断块拼合带北侧之豫皖次级断块西部边缘。中条山区新太古代化到群,古元古代中条群和中元古代西阳河群等火山沉积变质岩系中,分别赋存着不同类型,不同规模的铜（钼,钴,金）矿床,塔儿山区和晋西南区又有与燕山期岩浆热液活动紧密相关的铁,铜,金矿床,古人曾将这个从北至南的成矿区带形象地比喻成一条“铁头,铜腰,金尾巴的巨龙”其中铜（钼,钴,金）矿床形成于华北断志形成阶段：铁（铜