青海省东昆仑成矿带铁矿成矿规律与找矿方向研究

东昆仑成矿带位于西域板块南缘活动带与华南板块接合部位,属昆祁秦缝合系的昆仑缝合带。区内由昆北、昆中及昆南三条呈近东西向到北西西向平行展布的区域深大断裂,构成东昆仑复杂的构造格局,由此划分出三大构造成矿单元,即东昆仑北带、中带、南带。这三条大断裂均为切穿地壳或岩石圈的区域性长期活动深大断裂,不仅构成各地质单元的边界和控制岩浆岩分布,也控制了东昆仑隆起、凹陷带沉积盆地及沉积建造的展布,与次级北西、北北西向和北东向断裂一起,把不同时代地层和部分岩体切割成规模不等的断块(条),同时不同级次的断裂构造作为成矿的导矿场和储矿场,为各类矿床的形成提供了良好的迁移通道和赋存空间。该区地层主要集中发育在前寒武纪、早古生界奥陶―志留纪、晚古生代石炭―二叠纪、中生界三叠纪及新生代几个时间段中。在区域分布上,昆中、昆北带出露地层较相近,昆南带与昆北和昆中带有显著差异,反映为不同地层分区。岩浆活动非常强烈而频繁,分布亦十分广泛,主要分布在昆仑山北坡断隆带和祁漫塔格地区,在昆仑山主脊形成著名的东昆仑山花岗岩带,昆仑山南坡出露少量中酸侵入岩。岩浆活动始于元古代,止于新生代,表现为间歇性的火山喷发与岩浆侵入频繁交替。岩性从基性、超基性到酸性均有出露。主要活动时代为加里东期、华力西期,其次为印支期、燕山期;兴凯期和前兴凯期主要以少量基性、超基性喷流活动。东昆仑成矿带是青海重要成矿带之一,东昆仑成矿带侵入岩、褶皱、断裂构造发育,岩浆活动频繁强烈,成矿地质条件十分优越,具有较大找矿潜力。该带也是青海省主要的工业矿床集中分布的地区,储量大,品位较高,矿产地集中,同时共伴生的多金属矿床也往往具有一定的规模。尤其是矽卡岩型和沉积变质型铁矿的绝大多数储量都集中在本带。铁矿床成因类型复杂多样,主要有与火山喷流沉积有关的喷流——沉积、热液交代变质改造型,沉积变质型和矽卡岩型,具备大型——超大型矿床的成矿条件。矿床多沿昆北、昆中和昆南深大断裂带分布,与次级构造及岩浆岩体关系密切。东昆仑西段是重要的大——超大型矿床找矿远景区,中段具有沉积变质型铁矿找矿前景,东段则是矽卡岩型铁矿床聚集区。该带铁矿资源量占全省的75.51%,铁矿共、伴生有用组分较多,可综合利用。接触交代型铁矿是目前开发的重点,此类型矿石质量较好,TFe品位一般在35%～55%,有害杂质硫、磷一般低于工业要求。特别是都兰、野马泉地区的铁矿多共、伴生有铅、锌、铜、金、银、锡、钴、铋、镉、硫铁矿等有益元素,需综合开发利用。由于共、伴生组分可综合利用,极大地提高了开发价值。     

Chemical and structural characterization of As immobilization by nanoparticles of mackinawite (FeSm)

The mobility and availability of arsenite, As(III), in anoxic environments is largely controlled by adsorption onto iron sulfides and/or precipitation of arsenic in solid phases. The interaction of As(III) with synthetic mackinawite (FeS_m) in pH 5 and 9 suspensions was investigated using high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), STEM elemental mapping, high resolution TEM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At pH 5, arsenic sulfide phases precipitate among the FeS_m particles as discrete particles that are an amorphous hydrous phase of arsenic sulfide. The oxidation state of As in the surface layers of the arsenic sulfide precipitates is ‘realgar-like’ based on XPS results showing that > 75% of the As 3d peak area is due to As with oxidation states between 0 and 2+. Discrete, arsenic sulfide precipitates are absent at pH 9, but elemental mapping in STEM-EDX mode shows that arsenic is uniformly distributed on the FeS_m, suggesting that uptake is caused by the sorption of As(III) oxyanions and/or the precipitation of highly dispersed arsenic sulfides on FeS_m. XPS also revealed that the FeS_m that equilibrated without As(III) has a more oxidized surface composition than the sample at pH 9, as indicated by the higher concentration of O ( three times greater than that at pH 9) and the larger fraction of Fe(III) species making up the total Fe (2p_3/2) peak. These findings provide a better understanding of redox processes and phase transitions upon As(III) adsorption on iron sulfide substrates.     

福建潘田铁矿床花岗岩岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年代学及其与成矿的关系

潘田铁矿床矿体主要赋存于潘田花岗岩体外接触带的“硅钙岩性界面”中,其成矿与花岗岩侵入关系密切,是一个具有很大找矿潜力的富铁矿床。但前人对该花岗岩的研究还很薄弱,本文对潘田铁矿花岗岩进行了岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年研究,探讨其岩石成因、形成时代、构造环境、及其与成矿的关系。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得其结晶年龄为131.68±0.48Ma。该岩体为高钾钙碱性系列,属弱过铝质-准铝质岩石;稀土元素总量较低,轻稀土相对于重稀土富集,具有明显铕负异常,重稀土配分模式相对平坦,中稀土相对亏损。微量元素中相对富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素。岩石地球化学特征表明潘田岩体为高分异I型花岗岩,形成于碰撞后拉张环境。潘田铁矿床矿体与花岗岩体的空间分布规律与成因关系表明,花岗岩侵入作用是控制主成矿阶段矿体空间定位的地质作用,花岗岩是铁矿床的成矿地质体,林地组碎屑岩与黄龙组-栖霞组碳酸盐岩的接触界面是成矿有利部位,矿床类型属于典型“硅钙岩性界面”成矿,本矿床的成因类型属于“多因耦合、临界转换、边界成矿”的典型案例。     

全国碳交易下中国钢铁行业的基准线法研究

自2011年来,中国碳排放权交易机制不断健全完善,其中基准线法被确定为全国碳交易初始配额分配的主要方法。钢铁行业作为仅次于电力行业的第二大碳排放部门,加快对其开展基准线法碳交易的测算、设计和评价,对纵深推进全国碳交易市场建设具有重要意义。文中基于2018年钢铁企业直报的温室气体排放数据和单位产品碳强度这一关键指标,确定了中国钢铁行业开展全国碳交易的基准线方案。结果显示,钢铁行业碳交易基准线应包括炼钢及之前的6个工序,基准值宜采用效率较高的前70%至80%范围内的企业碳强度均值,在配额确定时无需考虑行业区域差异,但针对企业间碳强度差异较大的工序应设立从历史法到基准线法的过渡期。     

新疆塔县阿依里西铁矿地质特征及找矿意义

阿依里西铁矿位于华南板块的羌唐微板块北缘与塔里木板块墓士塔格地块结合部位,产于古元古代布伦阔勒群变质岩系中,矿体呈似层状、层状产出,矿石自然类型为磁铁矿石,属"鞍山式"沉积变质型铁矿,经济储量可观。该铁矿的发现、勘查及开发,对缓解新疆铁矿石资源紧张状况有极大的促进作用。该文简要分析了该铁矿的成矿特征和赋存状态,探讨了该区的找矿方向。     

山东莱芜接触交代—热液铁矿矿体形态研究

在对莱芜接触交代铁矿地质特征研究中发现以往地质报告在矿体连接上存在混乱,使矿体形态失真。为便于今后矿体对比和成矿规律的认识,提出了矿体形态分类原则,并以三分法对矿体形态进行分类。指出矿体产状变化是矿体膨胀收缩、分支复合和尖灭再现的结果。根据矿体形态分类指出了找矿方向。不同的矿体形态反映不同的控矿构造,反映不同的矿体规模,反映不同的成矿岩体形态产状。单斜缓倾矿体的成矿岩体是岩床,控矿较小;陡倾矿体和背向斜矿体的成矿岩体是岩盖,控矿较大。     

An iron isotope signature related to electron transfer between aqueous ferrous iron and goethite

We measured the Fe isotope fractionation during the reactions of Fe(II) with goethite in the presence and absence of a strong Fe(III) chelator (desferrioxamine mesylate, DFAM). All experiments were completed in an O₂-free glove box. The concentrations of aqueous Fe(II) ([Fe(II)_aq]) decreased below the initial total dissolved Fe concentrations ([Fe(II)_total], 2.15 mM) due to fast adsorption within 0.2 day. The concentration of adsorbed Fe(II) ([Fe(II)_ads]) was determined as the difference between [Fe(II)_aq] and the concentration of extracted Fe(II) in 0.5 M HCl ([Fe(II)_extr]) (i.e., [Fe(II)_ads] = [Fe(II)_extr] − [Fe(II)_aq]). [Fe(II)_ads] also decreased with time in experiments with and without DFAM, documenting that fast adsorption was accompanied by a second, slower reaction. Interestingly, [Fe(II)_extr] was always smaller than [Fe(II)_total], indicating that some Fe(II) was sequestered into a pool that is not HCl-extractable. The difference was attributed to Fe(II) incorporated into goethite structure (i.e., [Fe(II)_inc] = [Fe(II)_total] −[Fe(II)_extr]). More Fe(II) was incorporated in the presence of DFAM than in its absence at all time steps. Regardless of the presence of DFAM, both aqueous and extracted Fe(II) (δ^56/54Fe(II)_aq and δ^56/54Fe(II)_extr) became isotopically lighter than or similar to goethite (− 0.27‰) at day 7, implying that the isotope exchange occurred between bulk goethite and aqueous Fe. Consistently, the mass balance indicated that the incorporated Fe is isotopically heavier than extracted Fe. These observations suggested that (i) co-adsorption of Fe(II) with DFAM resulted in more pervasive electron transfer, (ii) the electron transfer from heavy Fe(II) in the adsorbed Fe(II) to light Fe(III) in goethite results in the fixation of heavy adsorbed Fe(III) on the surface and accumulation of Fe(II) within the goethite, and (iii) desorption of the reduced, light Fe from goethite does not necessarily occur at the same surface sites where adsorption occurred.     

MnO2-UV联用光化学降解苯酚废水的初步研究

探讨了人工合成的高价锰氧化物与紫外光(UV)联用时降解苯酚废水的特性。结果表明,氧化锰矿物在无UV时对苯酚的降解能力差异大,1 g/L的氧化锰4 h对200 mg/L苯酚废水的降解率和COD去除率分别为:锰钾矿97.51%、酸性水钠锰矿89.07%、碱性水钠锰矿11.36%、钙锰矿9.67%;锰钾矿87.79%、酸性水钠锰矿53.11%、碱性水钠锰矿6.42%、钙锰矿1.43%。UV光照下,氧化锰矿物对苯酚的降解率有不同程度的提高,且表现出显著的表面光催化性质,增加了苯酚的深度降解,COD去除率显著提高。UV下氧化锰4 h对苯酚的降解率分别为:锰钾矿99.48%、酸性水钠锰矿91.86%、碱性水钠锰矿40.15%、钙锰矿35.95%);COD的去除率分别为:锰钾矿98.11%、酸性水钠锰矿68.45%、钙锰矿27.57%、碱性水钠锰矿24.27%。MnO2-UV联用时降解苯酚可能包括两种主要作用机制:氧化锰矿物的直接化学氧化降解和UV下MnO2的表面光催化降解。     

Experimental study of the stability of metals associated with iron oxyhydroxides precipitated in acid mine drainage

Iron oxyhydroxide precipitates associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Stearns Coal Zone in southeastern Kentucky were analyzed for their metal (Al, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn) content. The most concentrated metals within these sediments are nickel (27–32×10³μmol/kg), manganese (16–29×10³μmol/kg), and aluminum (13–22×10³μmol/kg) as determined by HCl-HNO₃ digestion. Metal concentrations associated with the organic fraction as determined by H₂O₂ digestion were generally far lower, with the exception of aluminum. "Batch" experiments (at initial pH=2.0) were used to analyze the stability of these metals associated with a contaminated soil. Aluminum was the most mobile of the metals, presumably the result of the formation of aluminum-sulfate aqueous complexes. The solubilization rates for nickel and iron were very similar, suggesting that nickel, unlike the other metals, coprecipitated with iron in these sulfatic oxyhydroxides. Received: 9 October 1997 · Accepted: 15 December 1997