莱州市土山-东宋铁矿地质特征

通过近几年的地质找矿工作,莱州市土山—东宋地区发现了中型变质沉积铁矿床。矿床产于古元古代粉子山群小宋组二段底部的含铁岩系。矿石工业类型为需选弱磁性铁矿石,主要成因类型为磁铁黑云片岩型、磁铁变粒岩型。矿床范围内共划分了5个矿段40个矿体。该文以此为基础,对矿区地质特征进行分析研究,以期促进山东省铁矿地质勘查工作的开展。     

Bacterioplankton responses to iron enrichment during the SAGE experiment

We studied the microbial food web in the upper 100 m of the water column in iron-limited sub-Antarctic HNLC waters south-east of New Zealand in the SAGE experiment in 2004, with focus on bacterioplankton. Samples were collected daily from inside and outside the iron enriched patch. Short term enrichment experiments were conducted on board in 4 L polycarbonate bottles with water outside the iron enriched patch to study single and combined effects of micronutrient additions on microbial food web. Low bacterial growth was recorded in the study area with community turnover times of 50 h or more during the study period. Measurements of bacterial standing stocks and production rates in the study show minor responses to the large scale iron enrichment, with increase in rates and stocks after the first enrichment and at the end of the study period after the third iron enrichment when solar radiation increased and wind mixing decreased. The average daily bacterial production rates were 31.5 and 33.7 mgCm⁻² d⁻¹ for the OUT and IN stations, respectively; thus overall there was not a significant difference between the control and the iron-enriched patch. In the bottle experiments bacterial thymidine incorporation showed responses to single iron and silicic acid enrichments and a major growth response to the combined iron and sucrose enrichments. Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a showed clear stimulation by single additions of iron and silicic acid and silicic acid enhanced the iron impact. Cobalt additions had no effect on bacteria growth and a negative effect on phytoplankton growth. Low bacterial in situ growth rates and the enrichment experiments suggest that bacteria are co-limited by iron and carbon, and that bacterial iron uptake is dependent on carbon supply by the food web. With the high iron quota (??mol Fe mol C⁻¹) bacteria may scavenge considerable amounts of the excess iron, and thus influence the relative importance of the microbial food web as a carbon sink.     

The response of phytoplankton to iron enrichment in Sub-Antarctic HNLCLSi waters: Results from the SAGE experiment

Areas of high nutrients and low chlorophyll a comprise nearly a third of the world’s oceans, including the equatorial Pacific, the Southern Ocean and the Sub-Arctic Pacific. The SOLAS Sea-Air Gas Exchange (SAGE) experiment was conducted in late summer, 2004, off the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. The objective was to assess the response of phytoplankton in waters with low iron and silicic acid concentrations to iron enrichment. We monitored the quantum yield of photochemistry (F_v/F_m) with pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry, chlorophyll a, primary productivity, and taxonomic composition. Measurements of F_v/F_m indicated that the phytoplankton within the amended patch were relieved from iron stress (F_v/F_m approached 0.65). Although there was no significant difference between IN and OUT stations at points during the experiment, the eventual enhancement in chlorophyll a and primary productivity was twofold by the end of the 15-day patch occupation. However, no change in particulate carbon or nitrogen pools was detected. Enhancement in primary productivity and chlorophyll a were approximately equal for all phytoplankton size classes, resulting in a stable phytoplankton size distribution. Initial seed stocks of diatoms were extremely low, <1% of the assemblage based on HPLC pigment analysis, and did not respond to iron enrichment. The most dominant groups before and after iron enrichment were type 8 haptophytes and prasinophytes that were associated with ∼75% of chlorophyll a. Twofold enhancement of biomass estimated by flow cytometry was detected only in eukaryotic picoplankton, likely prasinophytes, type 8 haptophytes and/or pelagophytes. These results suggest that factors other than iron, such as silicic acid, light or physical disturbance limited the phytoplankton assemblage during the SAGE experiment. Furthermore, these results suggest that additional iron supply to the Sub-Antarctic under similar seasonal conditions and seed stock will most likely favor phytoplankton <2 ??m. This implies that any iron-mediated gain of fixed carbon will most likely be remineralized in shallow water rather than sink and be sequestered in the deep ocean.     

山东省莱州—安丘铁成矿带特征及找矿方向

莱州-安丘铁成矿带位于沂沭断裂带东侧,胶北隆起的西南部。成矿带呈NE向展布,长约100 km,宽10~20km。已知区内铁矿类型主要有沉积变质型、岩浆熔离型和岩浆期后热液型,成矿除受地层控制外,还与构造、岩浆活动关系密切。通过对地质和重、磁物理场的分析,确定不同成因类型铁矿的分布范围,并且划分出不同磁异常特征,指出今后的找矿方向。     

一种基于同态滤波的遥感图像薄云去除算法

目前国内外常用的去除遥感图像薄云的方法是同态滤波法,但该方法在去除薄云的同时,图像无云区域特别是边缘区域的信息出现了严重丢失。为此,提出了基于同态滤波的像素替换法,该方法既可以去除薄云,又可以恢复无云区域的信息,使得处理后的图像和原始图像在无云区域有极大程度上的相似性。     

矿产资源开发的地质环境影响及其治理对策——以北京首钢铁矿环境治理与保护措施为例

开发矿产资源创造大量财富的同时,也对矿区生态环境产生了严重的负面影响。本文概述了我国矿产资源开发对地质环境造成的普遍影响。通过分析了北京首钢铁矿“三废”防治、地质环境治理和生态修复的成功经验,总结了矿山地质环境治理与保护的方法和措施,提出了加强矿山环境保护的对策和建议。     

新疆梧南地区航磁异常特征分析及找矿标志研究

梧南航磁异常区位于新疆维吾尔自治区鄯善县,该异常区于1978年发现两条近于平行的正磁异常带沿北西西向展布,航磁异常特征非常明显。笔者通过对梧南地区地质构造特征、成矿环境、岩(矿)石物性及航磁特征等进行综合分析、研究,探讨了梧南地区航磁异常引起的原因,进而推断两条沿北西西向展布的航磁异常带上,叠加的几处局部升高强磁异常可能与隐伏的磁性体有关。鉴于此,笔者以异常带上的新C-1978-127航磁异常为例,对航磁异常进行定性分析,并利用2.5D拟合技术进行定量拟合计算,推断航磁局部强磁异常可能与隐伏的磁铁矿有关。依据区内地质-地球物理特征、航磁定性分析及定量计算结果,建立了该区地质-地球物理找矿标识,并进行了找矿远景分析,认为区内新C-1978-127、127-1、127-2、127-3、127-4等5处局部强磁异常找矿潜力较大,应予以重视。     

雷州半岛玄武岩残积土的物质成分与结构特征

雷州半岛玄武岩残积土属于区域性特殊土,具有高液限、大孔隙比的较差的物理特性和高强度的较优的力学特性的异常组合,同时具有强收缩性、遇水湿化、易崩解的特殊性质。为探寻玄武岩残积土特殊的工程地质特性的机理,对其矿物成分、化学成分、结构形态、孔隙分布进行研究。结果表明,雷州半岛玄武岩残积土发育过程经历明显的富铝化、铁富集和盐淋失过程,黏土矿物以高岭石、三水铝石和伊利石为主,富含游离氧化铁、铝成分; 微观结构类型为凝块结构和絮凝结构,游离氧化铁作为胶结物质以包膜形式包裹颗粒形成团聚体,增强了土的结构强度; 孔隙以溶蚀孔隙以及团粒和絮凝体内微孔为主,微孔具有较大的比表面积和吸附能,吸水会产生较大的表面张力,引发软化、崩解现象。由于雷州半岛玄武岩残积土具有对水敏感,抗水性差特点,施工中应重点关注降雨引发的工程灾害。     

青海喀雅克登铁多金属矿床 地质特征及找矿标志

[摘　要]青海省格尔木市喀雅克登铁多金属矿区位于柴达木盆地西南缘,喀雅克登铁多金属矿是近几年在东昆仑祁漫塔格地区发现的小型矿床,成矿时代为晚三叠世。矿区共圈出铁锌多金属矿体39条,其中矿体规模相对较大的有8条,矿体长度在50-620m,厚度在4.45-16.95m,Zｎ的平均品位在2-3%,WO3的平均品位在0.097-0.16%,估算锌资源量为5.11万吨,矿区具有典型的矽卡岩型成矿特征,并具有热液成矿的特点,深部具有热液型钨钼找矿前景,热液成矿事实为东昆仑找矿拓宽了思路