Inversion of interference hydraulic pumping tests in both homogeneous and fractal dual media

This work proposes a complete method for automatic inversion of data from hydraulic interference pumping tests based on both homogeneous and fractal dual-medium approaches. The aim is to seek a new alternative concept able to interpret field data, identify macroscopic hydraulic parameters and therefore enhance the understanding of flow in porous fractured reservoirs. Because of its much contrasted sensitivities to parameters, the dual-medium approach yields an ill-posed inverse problem that requires a specific optimization procedure including the calculation of analytical sensitivities and their possible re-scaling. Once these constraints are fulfilled, the inversion proves accurate, provides unambiguous and reliable results. In the fractal context inverting several drawdown curves from different locations at the same time reveals more accurate. Finally, hydraulic parameters drawn from inversion should be taken into account to improve in various situations the conditioning of up-scaled flow in fractured rocks.     

单波高精度测距系统的研究

本文介绍了测距精度优于１０＾－６的自动高精度测距系统的构成、原理及春应用。     

一类反演公式

本文讨论的是组合数学中的级数反演公式，作者利用Ｂｅｌｌ多项式给出了一类很广泛的反演公式，并通过实例说明许多反演公式都是这一类反演公式的特例。     

重力学反问题中零外部位密度的研究

对重力学反问题研究中零外部位密度的数学性质及物理意义进行了系统研究和分析．首先从基本定义及条件的描述入手，推演出其数学表示和限制，由此揭示重力学反问题的非适定性形态，进而论及其与非零外部位密度之间的数学关系．由此证明对应于给定外部位的场源函数可以分解成零外部位密度与调和密度的直和．通过对其物理意义的讨论，为地球物理反演非零外部位场源及物理大地测量学构制等效场源提供理论依据．     

Conditioning mean steady state flow on hydraulic head and conductivity through geostatistical inversion

Nonlocal moment equations allow one to render deterministically optimum predictions of flow in randomly heterogeneous media and to assess predictive uncertainty conditional on measured values of medium properties. We present a geostatistical inverse algorithm for steady-state flow that makes it possible to further condition such predictions and assessments on measured values of hydraulic head (and/or flux). Our algorithm is based on recursive finite-element approximations of exact first and second conditional moment equations. Hydraulic conductivity is parameterized via universal kriging based on unknown values at pilot points and (optionally) measured values at other discrete locations. Optimum unbiased inverse estimates of natural log hydraulic conductivity, head and flux are obtained by minimizing a residual criterion using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. We illustrate the method for superimposed mean uniform and convergent flows in a bounded two-dimensional domain. Our examples illustrate how conductivity and head data act separately or jointly to reduce parameter estimation errors and model predictive uncertainty.This work is supported in part by NSF/ITR Grant EAR-0110289. The first author was additionally supported by scholarships from CONACYT and Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas of Mexico. Additional support was provided by the European Commission under Contract EVK1-CT-1999-00041 (W-SAHaRA-Stochastic Analysis of Well Head Protection and Risk Assessment).     

A BME solution of the inverse problem for saturated groundwater flow

In most real-world hydrogeologic situations, natural heterogeneity and measurement errors introduce major sources of uncertainty in the solution of the inverse problem. The Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method of modern geostatistics offers an efficient solution to the inverse problem by first assimilating various physical knowledge bases (hydrologic laws, water table elevation data, uncertain hydraulic resistivity measurements, etc.) and then producing robust estimates of the subsurface variables across space. We present specific methods for implementing the BME conceptual framework to solve an inverse problem involving Darcys law for subsurface flow. We illustrate one of these methods in the case of a synthetic one-dimensional case study concerned with the estimation of hydraulic resistivity conditioned on soft data and hydraulic head measurements. The BME framework processes the physical knowledge contained in Darcys law and generates accurate estimates of hydraulic resistivity across space. The optimal distribution of hard and soft data needed to minimize the associated estimation error at a specified sampling cost is determined. This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant no. 5 P42 ES05948 and P30ES10126), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant no. 60-00RFQ041), the Army Research Office (Grant no. DAAG55-98-1-0289), and the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMS-0112069.     

方向数据插值方法研究

方向数据是矢量数据的标量表示,通常标量数据的插值方法不适用于方向数据。本文根据方向数据的特征,把其分解成沿坐标轴的分量,通过对分量数据的插值形成表面,最后合成反算出方向数据,给出了一种对于方向数据的行之有效的插值方法;并用实验进行了验证,对其插值结果和精度进行了统计和分析,取得了较为理想的内插结果。     

单纯形—模拟退火混合算法反求水文地质参数及其并行求解

本文利用单纯形法局部搜索速度快和模拟退火算法全局寻优的特点,同时为了克服各自算法的弊病,提出采用单纯形—模拟退火混合算法(SMSA)进行水文地质逆问题的求解。论文详细描述了SMSA算法的具体操作算子的实现,并将该算法应用于一个大型水源地的地下水模拟反演。计算结果表明,SMSA算法在水文地质参数反演计算具有求解速度快,精度高的特点,而且易于实现并行运算。     

单纯形一模拟退火混合算法反求水文地质参数及其并行求解

本文利用单纯形法局部搜索速度快和模拟退火算法全局寻优的特点，同时为了克服各自算法的弊病，提出采用单纯形一模拟退火混合算法（SMSA）进行水文地质逆问题的求解。论文详细描述了SMSA算法的具体操作算子的实现，并将该算法应用于一个大型水源地的地下水模拟反演。计算结果表明，SMSA算法在水文地质参数反演计算具有求解速度快，精度高的特点，而且易于实现并行运算。     

Modeling long-period noise in kinematic GPS applications

We develop and test an algorithm for modeling and removing elevation error in kinematic GPS trajectories in the context of a kinematic GPS survey of the salar de Uyuni, Bolivia. Noise in the kinematic trajectory ranges over 15 cm and is highly autocorrelated, resulting in significant contamination of the topographic signal. We solve for a noise model using crossover differences at trajectory intersections as constraints in a least-squares inversion. Validation of the model using multiple realizations of synthetic/simulated noise shows an average decrease in root-mean-square-error (RMSE) by a factor of four. Applying the model to data from the salar de Uyuni survey, we find that crossover differences drop by a factor of eight (from an RMSE of 5.6 to 0.7 cm), and previously obscured topographic features are revealed in a plan view of the corrected trajectory. We believe that this algorithm can be successfully adapted to other survey methods that employ kinematic GPS for positioning.