Acoustic-Gravity Waves from Bolide Sources

We have developed a new approach to modeling the acoustic-gravity wave (AGW) radiation from bolide sources. This first effort involves entry modeling of bolide sources that have available satellite data through procedures developed in ReVelle (Earth Moon Planets 95, 441–476, 2004a; in: A. Milani, G. Valsecchi, D. Vokrouhlicky (eds) NEO Fireball Diversity: Energetics-based Entry Modeling and Analysis Techniques, Near-earth Objects: Our Celestial Neighbors (IAU S236), 2007b). Results from the entry modeling are directly coupled to AGW production through line source blast wave theory for the initial wave amplitude and period at (at 10 blast wave radii and perpendicular to the trajectory). The second effort involves the prediction of the formation and or dominance of the propagation of the atmospheric Lamb, edge-wave composite mode in a viscous fluid (Pierce, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 35, 1798–1807, 1963) as a function of the source energy, horizontal range and source altitude using the Lamb wave frequency that was deduced directly during the entry modeling and that is used as a surrogate for the source energy. We have also determined that Lamb wave production by bolides at close range decreases dramatically as either the source energy decreases or the source altitude increases. Finally using procedures in Gill (Atmospheric-Ocean Dynamics, 1982) and in Tolstoy (Wave Propagation, 1973), we have analyzed two simple dispersion relationships and have calculated the expected dispersion for the Lamb edge-wave mode and for the excited, propagating internal acoustic waves. Finally, we have used the above formalism to fully evaluate these techniques for four large bolides, namely: the Tunguska bolide of June 30, 1908; the Revelstoke bolide of March 31, 1965; the Crete bolide of June 6, 2002 and the Antarctic bolide of September 3, 2004. Due to page limitations, we will only present results in detail for the Revelstoke bolide.     

利用GRACE卫星数据提取苏门答腊地震同震和震后重力变化

基于GRACE重力卫星数据,采用P3M6去相关滤波技术、350 km半径的高斯平滑技术与差分方法,提取2004年苏门答腊Mw9.3地震的同震和震后重力场时空演化过程。该地震断层下盘同震重力变化达到4.6 μGal,上盘同震重力变化最大值为-8.3 μGal,该结果与球体位错理论计算结果在量级和分布形态上具有较好的一致性。震后7 a断层下盘重力变化累计达到5.6 μGal,超过同震变化信号|而断层上盘震后重力变化只有0.6 μGal,仅为同震变化信号的11%。该现象表明,断层下盘所在海洋地层的粘滞性较低,地层相对柔软,其地层在震后由于较大的粘滞性松弛效应而持续变形,并伴随较大的重力变化|而断层上盘所在的地层接近陆地地壳特性,地层相对脆硬,震后受地层的粘滞性响应而导致的重力变化相对较小。     

扬子地台北缘晚震旦世微古植物特征及意义

本文着重研究了扬子地台北缘上震旦统陡山沱组、灯影组及下寒武统下部岩家河段的微古植物组合特征。初步建立了Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个微古植物组合，分别与陡山沱村阶和灯影峡阶相对应，分析了微古植物组合在地层划分与对比及在震旦系－寒武系界线的划分上所起的作用。     

Law of the sea and ASW: National security versus arms control

The law of the sea has always been open to the charge of being a ‘covenant without a sword’ and its effectiveness when challenged by the perceived national security of a superpower is questionable. Attempts to limit and control antisubmarine warfare (ASW) have demonstrated that neither superpower is prepared to risk its second-strike capability for what may be an illusory legal protection. This article reviews developments relevant to ASW in the law of the sea and describes the significance of ASW to the superpowers' strategic objectives. The authors conclude by stressing the urgent need for effective arms control.     

Making spaces: The ethnic Brao people and the international border between Laos and Cambodia

On December 6, 1904 the present international border between Laos and Cambodia was unilaterally established when the French colonial government extracted Stung Treng Province from Laos and transferred it to Cambodia. The ethnic Brao people living in the border region were not well known to the French, and in any case, their views were not deemed important. But since then the Brao have utilised this state administrative boundary in ways not intended by its designers, or governments since then, to give them more power to create new spaces. When conditions in Cambodia have been deemed unfavourable, the Brao have often crossed into Laos, and similarly, when circumstances have been less advantageous in Laos they have moved to Cambodia.This paper traces the history of the Brao as it specifically relates to the international border between Laos and Cambodia. While this administrative boundary was created to help national governments keep populations confined within nation-states, Brao human agency has sometimes confounded these efforts, through transforming its significance and role. The boundary has separated Brao populations in ways that are sometimes upsetting to them, but it has also allowed the Brao to position themselves at the margins of different nation-states, in spaces where they have been able to, at least temporarily, avoid or reduce state control over them. These are not non-state spaces; they are fundamentally constituted by a state-established boundary, even if the Brao have been able to mobilise this resource to empower themselves, and sometimes to resist the state itself.     

Vertebrate burrows in late Pleistocene paleosols at Korean Palaeolithic sites and their significance as a stratigraphic marker

A vertebrate burrow-bearing layer of late Pleistocene age is commonly found at many Paleolithic archaeological sites in Korea. The burrows are straight to slightly curved in horizontal (plan) view and gently inclined in lateral (sectional) view. They are interpreted as having been produced by rodent-like mammals based on their size and architecture. The significance of such burrow-bearing layers as a characteristic stratigraphic marker unit is demonstrated by high burrow abundance, consistent stratigraphic position, lack of stratigraphic recurrence at these sites, and widespread geographic extent. Three dating methods, tephrochronology, radiocarbon, and OSL dating, were used to infer the age of these burrow-bearing layers. The dating results indicate that they were formed between ca. 40,000 and 25,000 yr (MIS 3−2), and this suggests that this layer can be used as a stratigraphic time-marker in late Pleistocene paleosol sequences for this region.     

从第34届国际水文地质大会看水文地质学发展趋势(代序)

第34届国际水文地质大会于2006年10月9-13日在北京召开,来自56个国家和地区的567名代表参加了会议.这次会议的大会学术报告和九个分专题会场交流集中反映出当前国际水文地质学科发展的若干热点领域和重要发展方向,与会各国专家对地下水水质安全与污染修复、地下水补给机制和生态功能、地下水勘察评价的技术发展等领域给与了更多关注,反映这些领域是当前地下水研究的热点,说明水文地质学科的发展明显转向解决社会广泛关注的现实的应用性问题,包括维持生态系统、维护水质安全、防止地质灾害等方面,特别是这些问题与城市发展、农村脱贫、矿业基地、重大工程建设的结合.同位素、数值模拟和其他地下水勘察、评价、开发技术的快速发展,为更好地认识、利用和管理含水层系统,服务于上述应用性目标提供了保障.IAH将今后工作的重点放在亚洲地区,对跨边界含水层管理等问题十分关注.媒体的集中报道反映出水文地质工作与社会的结合已经相当紧密.     

海洋资源开发与海洋工程地质——第二届国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会(ISMEG 2019)总结

2019年10月18~20日,第二届国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会(ISMEG 2019)在中国大连成功召开。本次研讨会是在国际工程地质与环境协会(IAEG)架构下由海洋工程地质委员会(C34)主办,海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室(大连理工大学)承办的全球性海洋工程地质学术研讨会。研讨会以"海洋资源开发与海洋工程地质"为主题,针对海洋土工程性质、海洋地质灾害与工程防护、海洋工程地质原位勘测、监测与试验模拟、海洋资源开发水动力环境与作用、海床沉积物和天然气水合物开采、海洋工程结构基础、海流-结构-海床相互作用等7个专题设置了10个特邀报告、21个主题报告及71个学术报告。作为国内外海洋工程地质研究者交流、分享、合作、创新的平台,国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会二度在我国召开,是对我国海洋工程地质学科快速发展的肯定,同时也对我国海洋工程地质研究取得高水平成果和成果转化提出了更高要求。     

湘东南地区震旦纪地层的新划分与区域对比

本文采用多重地层划分和构造地层法，研究并重建了湘东南地区震旦系新层序，厘定了泗洲山组、天子地组、正园岭组、埃岐岭组、丁腰河组的含义及其划分、对比标志。认为该浊积碎屑岩系中的两套砾岩，是冰成作用的产物，可与湘中、湘西乃至华南地区的震旦系对比。同时指出孩区有板溪期的沉积，并建立了青白口系大江边组。     

Engaged pedagogy and responsibility: A postcolonial analysis of international students

This paper responds to increasing discussions about responsibility within geography by exploring some of the spatialities imbued in thinking responsibly about internationalisation in the UK Higher Education system, and it uses the categorisation of the international student as a way in to this exploration. Although international students have been considered from the viewpoint of migration studies, global education studies and critical pedagogical studies, this paper attempts a postcolonial analysis of international students, to consider what forms of pedagogic responsibility are called forth through this framework. Building on bell hooks’ call for an ‘engaged pedagogy’, this paper shows that routing care and responsibility through postcolonial geographies incites a more sharply demanding political praxis.