多金属结核瞬时生长速率及其意义

本文用Ｘ射线荧光光谱分析，沿结核壳层的生长方向逐点扫描测定铁锰含量，计算结核壳层的瞬时生长速率，划分结核壳层的生长阶段，计算各生长阶段的生长速率，并在结构壳层中建立高分辨率的时间标尺，重建多金属结核生长历史。     

Ocean circulation and exchanges through the northern Bering Sea—1979–2001 model results

We have developed and run a model with sufficiently high resolution (9 km and 45 levels) and a large enough spatial domain to allow for realistic representation of flow through the narrow and shallow straits in the northern Bering Sea. This is potentially important for quantification of long-term mean and time-dependent ocean circulation, and water mass and property exchanges between the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. Over a 23 year interval (1979–2001), mean transport through Bering Strait is estimated to be 0.65 Sv. Comparison of our model results with published observations indicates that ocean circulation is not only variable at seasonal to interdecadal scales but it is also responsive to short-term atmospheric forcing. One of such events occurred during the winter of 2000–2001 with reversed oceanic flow in some areas and much reduced sea-ice cover. Analyses of eddy kinetic energy fields identify some high biological productivity regions of the Chirikov Basin coincident with persistent high energy (up to 2700 cm² s⁻² in the surface layer and up to 2600 cm² s⁻² at mid-depth) throughout the annual cycle. Model output in the Bering Strait region is validated against several time series of moored observations of water mass properties. Comparison with shipboard observations of near-bottom salinity from late winter through autumn indicates that the model reasonably represents the major water-mass properties in the region. The modeled vertical water-column structure in the northern Bering Sea allows increased understanding of the mechanisms of water transformation and transport northward through Bering Strait into the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. We conclude that the long-term model results for the northern Bering Sea provide important insights into the ocean circulation and fluxes and they are a useful frame of reference for limited observations that are short-term and/or cover only a small geographic region.     

分形理论在太平洋多金属结核分布研究中的应用

分形理论与耗散结构、混沌理论一样,是最近一个时期非线性科学研究中所取得的重要成果[1],并在近年来得到了迅速的发展.其主体内容是研究系统的自相似性和不规则性,能为复杂问题的定量化提供新的途径[2].用分形理论研究地质现象是非线性科学的一个重要方向,前人已在地质数据的分形结构、地质时空结构的自相似性及其动力学机制、地质现象的分形重建与矿床分形统计预测方法等方面进行探索,取得了一些重要成果[3～6],但值得指出的是地质分形是统计意义上的无规分形,与数学意义上的严格自相似有区别.     

Intertidal Invertebrate and Algal Communities on the Rocky Shores of the Bay of Morbihan, Kerguelen (South Indian Ocean)

Abstract. Both the emergent surfaces and tide pools of the rocky intertidal shores of the Bay of Morbihan, Kerguelen are depauperate in number of macroinvertebrate and macroalgal species. Diversity (H') was high and similar for macroinvertebrates in tide pools from the high to low intertidal and on the emergent surface exposed at extreme low-tide when calculated in terms of numbers of individuals. H' was lower when calculated in terms of energy and twice as high for the tide pool in the high intertidal than the lower tide-pools and the emergent surface. H' for macroalgae was 0 in the highest tide-pool and highest in the lower tide-pools. The density/species-rank curves for the macroinvertebrates and the macroalgae are logarithmic but vary in linearity. Algal biomass was 37 % of the macroinvertebrate biomass on the emergent surface at the extreme low-tide, but 106% in the highest tide-pool. Twenty-three months after denudation of the tide pools, the ratios of total densities of the macroinvertebrates (ind m^-2) to the original densities were 48 % for the pool in the high intertidal, 25 % for the middle tide-pool, and 4 % for the pool in the low intertidal. The diversity indexes for the macroinvertebrates were similar to the original ones. Recolonization at Kerguelen is slow and shows an intertidal gradient. The composition of the rocky intertidal community at Kerguelen results from the rigorous physical environment and the small number and functional types of species. In the absence of major predators on macroinvertebrates and of herbivores on macroalgae, interaction among the species present seems to be competitive in nature.     

穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响

用数值方法研宄穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响时,有些学者人为地设定了风速和热通量。这种做法可能会出现风速和热通量数值不匹配的问题。为了弥补这一缺陷,本文采用国内外常用的块体公式计算热通量的方法来代替人为设置,并以北太平洋为例,研究了穿透性太阳短波辐射对海洋混合层深度的影响。结果表明:低风速(U10<10m／s),且海表短波净辐射处于40～200 W／m2时,穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度影响很显著;高风速(U10>10m／s)和短波净辐射高值区(S*(0)>200 W／m2),穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响较小。     

海洋和海岸工程可靠度分析的几个问题

研究可靠度分析中的几个重要问题：１．直接求解非高斯过程、具有不同相关性的多变量情况下的结构失效概率问题；２．荷载的不确定性分析及其订正；３．荷载的相关性对结构失效概率的影响及灵敏度分析．作为实例对直立堤和导管架平台进行计算．     

Isolation and phylogenetic assignation of actinomycetes in the marine sediments from the Arctic Ocean

Actinomycetes in five marine sediments collected from the Arctic Ocean at depths of 43 to 3 050 m were cultivated using a variety of media. A total of 61 actinomycete colonies with substrate mycelia only were observed, and no colonies with aerial mycelia were observed under aerobic conditions at 15 ℃. From these colonies, 28 were selected to represent different morphological types.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to check the purity of isolates and select representatives for subsequent sequencing. Phylogentic analyses based on nearly full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicated that the actinomycetes isolated were accommodated within genus Rhodococcus of family Nocardiaceae, genus Dietzia of family Dietziaceae,genera Janibacter and Terrabacter of family Instrasporangiaceae and genera Kocuria and Arthrobacter of family Micrococcaceae. One of the strains (P27-24) from the deep-sea sediment at depth of 3 050 m was found to be identical in 16S rDNA sequence(1474/1474)with the radiation-resistant Kocuria rosea ATCC 187T isolated from air. More than halfofthe isolates showed the similarities ranging from 99.5% to 99.9% in 16S rDNA sequence to dibenzofran-degrading, butyl 2-ethylhexanoate-hydrolysising and nitrile-metabolizing actinomycetes. All the strains isolated were psychrotolerant bacteria and grew better on the media prepared with natural seawater than on the media prepared with deionized water. Three of them (Dietzia sp. P27-10, Rhodococcus sp. S11-3 and Rhodococcus sp.P11-5)had an obligate growth requirement for salt, confirming that these strains are indigenous marine actinomycetes.     

New Determinations of the Ages of Tide in the North Atlantic Ocean

Ages of tide provide relevant information about the spatial distribution of existing anomalies in the normal modes of the oceans, because a delay may be associated with bottom friction energy dissipation, closely located resonances, bathymetric gradients, or radiational effects. The determination of other parameters, such as the age of diurnal tide or age of parallax, also provide further knowledge about the ocean's hydrodynamical response to acting forces. Following the development of new ocean models and the availability of a greater amount of data, these parameters can be redetermined. We present the spatial distribution of these parameters in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, obtained from 507 stations. The results are discussed in terms of bathymetric models, coastal features, sea surface temperature, wind and other environmental factors.     

海洋对热带气旋响应的研究

建立一个二层非线性原始方程海洋模式，用以研究海洋对静止和以不同移速移动的热带气旋的响应。数值试验结果表明，海洋对静止ＴＣ的响应，具有不对移性；在ＴＣ中心处，抽吸使混合层变浅，在ＴＣ最大风速半径处，大风夹卷明显使ＭＬ加深和海表温下降；海洋对移动ＴＣ的响应，具有右偏性，且随移速加快而加剧。ＭＬ深度和ＳＳＴ的变化对ＴＣ移速十分敏感，而海流则不同。     

海洋声学测温及声层析法

海洋声层析法作为检测海洋内部变化一有力手段，正面临着海洋声学大尺度观测新挑战。本文就海洋声传播的绝热近似；声传播时间的非线性偏移；声速剖面的线性及非线性反演等与声学大尺度观测相关的一些水声学问题的发展现状及存在问题等进行了综述性论述。文中还介绍了赫德岛预演实验等利用声层析法观测海洋内部变化的一些具体应用例