Y11B航空物探(电/磁)综合站西北找水初步成果

1997年9月23日～10月8日,在甘肃省安西—敦煌地区用Y11B航空物探(电/磁)综合站和GPS导航定位进行了地下水勘查试生产工作。用均匀大地模型,结合已知的水文地质资料,初步圈定了淡水区、过渡类型水区、咸水区和苦水区及泉水湖。所推断的水质和土壤含盐量与大的水文地质单元和1:20万水文地质普查报告都吻合得很好,且细节更为清楚。对差异较大的地方做了分析和解释。     

综合物探方法在新疆某铜矿区中的应用探讨

介绍了综合物探方法在富蕴县某矿区寻找隐伏矿体的应用.在地质勘查基础上,利用地面高精度磁法,大功率激电中梯和激电测深等物探手段进行隐伏矿体预测,在工作区内发现与成矿有关的地球物理异常,经钻探验证效果较好,说明该综合物探评价体系在此铜矿区应用很成功,显示其快速、高效和实用等优点.     

全球变化中的北极碳汇：现状与未来

由于海冰覆盖，北极碳汇（Arctic Carbon Sink）在全球碳通量预算中经常被忽略或简单处理。但随着全球变化加剧，北极发生快速变化，北极碳循环及其对全球变化的响应与反馈日趋重要。综合对北极碳汇的研究结果，分析了北极碳汇的来源、变化以及主要调控因子，评估了北极碳汇现状。探讨了在全球变化中，影响北极碳汇变化的因素及其对未来北极碳汇变化趋势的影响。      

Metamorphic evolution of oceanic gabbros: recrystallization from subsolidus to hydrothermal conditions in the MARK area (ODP Leg 153)

The 117.38 m of gabbroic core drilled during the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 153 at Sites 921 to 924 in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between 23 °N and the Kane Fracture Zone, exhibits a remarkable primary compositional heterogeneity, such as magmatic layering, intrusive contacts and late magmatic veining, which express a succession of magmatic events. Textural indicators suggest that the cooling of the crystal mush occurred in a dynamic environment, with infiltration of progressively evolved liquids. Magmatic features include random shape fabric and magmatic lamination; the subsequent deformational overprint occurred in subsolidus conditions. The ductile deformation, generally concentrated in discrete domains of the gabbro, is associated with continuous re-equilibration of the metamorphic assemblages of (1) olivine + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + plagioclase + ilmenite + Ti-magnetite, (2) olivine + clinopyroxene + plagioclase + ilmenite + Ti-magnetite + red hornblende. At lower temperatures brittle deformation prevails and subsequent fractures control the development of metamorphic assemblages: (3) clinopyroxene + plagioclase + red brown hornblende + Ti-magnetite + magnetite (?) + ilmenite, (4) plagioclase + brown hornblende + Ti-magnetite + magnetite + hematite + titanite ± Ti-oxide, (5) plagioclase + green hornblende + magnetite + titanite, (6) plagioclase + actinolite + chlorite + titanite + magnetite, (7) albite + actinolite + chlorite + prehnite ± epidote ± titanite and (8) albite + prehnite + chlorite ± smectite. Assemblages 1 to 8 express increasing water/rock ratios and decreasing degrees of recrystallization.

During the ductile phase, red hornblende is stable and its abundance increases with deformation intensity, possibly as an effect of the introduction of hydrous fluids. During the brittle phase, water diffusion controls the development of the fracture-filling mineral assemblages and re-equilibration of the adjacent rock; temperatures decrease further, as demonstrated by mineral zoning and incompletely re-equilibrated assemblages. The lowest temperatures correspond to the development of hydrothermal assemblages.

Compared with oceanic gabbros from fast-spreading transform environments, high-temperature ductile phases (granulite and amphibolite) are well developed, whereas brittle phases are widespread, as microcracks, prevalent on fracturing associated with discrete veins.     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔自然放射性测井及其解释

为了认识江苏东海超高压变质带上地壳岩石自然放射性的垂向分布特征, 榴辉岩退变质程度对放射性元素浓度的影响, 以及放射性产热率对地温梯度的影响, 利用中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD) 主孔100~5000m自然放射性测井(自然伽马和自然伽马能谱) 资料统计了CCSD主孔各类岩石的自然放射性强度和铀、钍、钾元素的浓度, 计算出产热率曲线.自然伽马, 铀、钍、钾浓度和产热率从蛇纹岩到榴辉岩、角闪岩、副片麻岩、正片麻岩依次增大.随着榴辉岩退变质程度的增强, 其铀、钍、钾元素的浓度值逐渐增大.CCSD主孔自然放射性的垂向分布特征主要受岩性控制, 自然放射性随深度增加有增强趋势.产热率与自然伽马测井值之间有很好的线性关系, 在高放射性岩层的上部, 地温梯度会出现较强扰动和低值异常.      

内蒙古西乌旗晚石炭世–早二叠世伸展事件——来自大石寨组火山岩的证据

内蒙古西乌旗地区发育一套中酸性火山岩,空间展布特征显示其为大石寨组火山岩的西延部分。为查明该火山岩的形成时代及构造属性,对其进行了岩石学、年代学和岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明该火山岩主要由安山岩及流纹岩组成。锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示其喷发时代为275~311 Ma,属晚石炭世–早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明中性岩富钙贫镁,富集LREE及K、Rb、Ba,亏损Nb、Ta,具有弱Eu异常,安山质岩浆可能是由基性岩浆分离结晶形成的,但在形成过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。酸性岩贫钙镁,富硅碱,具有显著的Eu负异常,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti,反映岩石成因与中下地壳的熔融及其后期的分离作用有关。在构造判别图解中,中性岩具有板内玄武岩特征,而酸性岩具有A2型花岗岩特征。结合区域已发表资料推断,西乌旗大石寨组火山岩形成于造山后伸展环境,暗示古亚洲洋至少在早二叠世之前已经闭合。     

Tracing the protolith, UHP metamorphism, and exhumation ages of orthogneiss from the SW Sulu terrane (eastern China): SHRIMP U–Pb dating of mineral inclusion-bearing zircons

Orthogneisses are the major country rocks hosting eclogites in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China. All of the analyzed orthogneiss cores from the main drilling hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-MH) have similar major and trace element compositions and a granite protolith. These rocks have relatively high LREE/HREE ratios, strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.20–0.39), and negative Ba anomalies (Ba/Ba*=0.25–0.64). Coesite and coesite-bearing UHP mineral assemblages are common inclusions in zircons separated from orthogneiss, paragneiss, amphibolite, and (retrograded) eclogite of the CCSD-MH. This suggests that the eclogite, together with its country rocks, experienced in situ ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircons from the orthogneisses are zoned and that they have distinct mineral inclusions in the different zones. Most zircons retain early magmatic cores with abundant low-pressure mineral inclusions, which are mantled with metamorphic zircon-containing inclusions of coesite and other UHP minerals. The outermost rims on these grains contain low-pressure mineral inclusions, such as quartz and albite. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of the zoned zircons gives three discrete and meaningful groups of ages: Proterozoic ages for the protolith, 227±2 Ma for the coesite-bearing mantles, and 209±3 Ma for the amphibolite facies retrograde rims. The widespread occurrence of UHP mineral inclusions in zircons from the Sulu metamorphic belt dated at about 227 Ma suggests that voluminous continental crust experienced late Triassic subduction to depths of at least 120 km and perhaps more than 200 km. Eighteen million years later, the terrane was rapidly exhumed to midcrustal levels, and the UHP rocks were overprinted by amphibolite facies metamorphism. The exhumation rate deduced from the zircon age data and previously obtained metamorphic P–T data is estimated to be 5.6–11.0 km/Ma. Such rapid exhumation of the Sulu UHP terrane may be due to the buoyancy forces produced by subduction of low-density continental material into the deep mantle.     

大洋碳循环与气候演变的热带驱动

20世纪气候演变研究的最大突破,在于地球轨道变化驱动冰期旋回的米兰柯维奇理论。然而近年来学术界对热带过程和大气CO2浓度变化的研究进展,暴露了传统的轨道驱动理论存在着对低纬区和碳循环在全球气候系统中作用估计不足的严重缺陷。国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"大洋碳循环与气候演变的热带驱动"拟以南海与西太平洋暖池的深海记录为依据,进行全球性对比和跨越地球圈层的探索,通过观测分析结果与数值模拟的结合、地质记录与现代过程的结合,检验和论证大洋碳储库长周期变化机制的假说,对于不同时间尺度上低纬过程如何通过碳循环在全球气候环境演变中的作用,实现理论上的突破。同时简要介绍了该项目的目的、科学意义、关键科学问题及预期目标等。     

青海省阿尼玛卿带布青山蛇绿混杂岩的地球化学性质及形态环境

布青山蛇绿混杂岩位于阿尼玛卿带西段，它是由早古生代和早石炭世一早二叠世两期蛇绿岩组成的复合蛇绿混杂岩带。蛇绿岩中的变质橄榄岩以方辉橄榄为主，高镁，∑PEE是球粒陨石的0．2－0．65倍，HREE是球粒陨石的0．28－0．32倍，属亏损的大洋岩石圈地幔。早古生代蛇绿岩中辉长岩、辉绿岩和玄武岩等镁铁质岩主要具N－MORB性质，少量具T－MORB性质。早石炭世一早二叠世蛇绿岩中玄武岩也主要具N－MORB性质、少量具T－MORB性质。它们均形成于洋中脊环境。本区曾存在成熟的早古生代洋盆和古特提斯洋盆，有更复杂的构造演化史。     

多尺度生态资产遥感综合测量的技术体系

着重论述了如何建立多尺度生态资产遥感综合测量的技术体系，具体包括以下主要内容：①如何建立一整套生态资产遥感监测、野外抽样调查以及监测结果质量控制的技术标准与规范；②并在此基础上，设计出生态资产遥感测量的技术规程、主要研究内容以及野外抽样调查与检验方案；③通过建立生态资产遥感测量和野外抽样测量与检验的集成系统，实现系统的业务化运行。