锆石微区喇曼光谱研究及成因标型意义

通过对岩浆和变质成因锆石的微区喇曼光谱研究,揭示出岩浆和变质成因锆石从晶体核部至边缘在喇曼光谱峰强度上存在不同的变化趋势,即岩浆成因锆石由晶体核部至边缘喇曼峰强度逐渐减弱,而变质成因锆石则相反或不变化。这是由于它们形成时晶体中的U、Th分带趋势不同造成,具有重要的成因标型意。     

秘鲁蓝色蛋白石矿物学性质及致色机理初探

近年来蓝色蛋白石的研究仅限于矿物成分及致色机理,并未对其化学成分、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等开展较为深入的分析。本文在前人的研究基础上,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、电子探针分析(EMPA)、紫外可见分光光谱、拉曼光谱等技术对样品的振动光谱、官能团表征、矿物组成及呈色机理进行研究。研究结果表明:蓝色蛋白石的主要组成矿物为非晶态蛋白石,且振动光谱与天然蛋白石存在一定程度的频率位移。EMPA分析结果显示蓝色蛋白石主要元素为Si和Cu,且紫外可见分光光谱表征为742 nm附近一吸收强度较高的宽谱带。综合电子探针和紫外可见吸收光谱的测试结果得出,蓝色蛋白石的致色元素为Cu,在其内部呈典型平面正方形结构的[Cu~(2+)(H_2O)_4]~(2+),且Cu含量与其蓝色的体色存在一定的正相关性,即随着Cu含量增加蓝色体色更加浓艳。     

RTM-based dynamic absorption integrals for the retrieval of biochemical vegetation traits

Information about pigment and water contents provides comprehensive insights for evaluating photosynthetic potential and activity of agricultural crops. In this study, we present the concept of using spectral integral ratios (SIR) to retrieve three biochemical traits, namely chlorophyll a and b (C_ab), carotenoids (C_cx), and water (C_w) content, simultaneously from hyperspectral measurements in the wavelength range 460−1100 nm. The SIR concept is based on automatic separation of respective absorption features through local peak and intercept analysis between log-transformed reflectance and convex hulls. The algorithm was tested on two synthetically established databases using a physiologically constrained look-up-table (LUT) generated by (i) the leaf optical properties model PROSPECT and (ii) the canopy radiative transfer model (RTM) PROSAIL. LUT constraints were realized based on natural C_cx-C_ab relations and green peak locations identified in the leaf optical database ANGERS. Linear regression between obtained SIRs and model parameters resulted in coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.66 (i and ii) for C_cx, R² = 0.85 (i) and 0.53 (ii) for C_ab, and R² = 0.97 (i) and 0.67 (ii) for C_w, respectively. Using the model established from the PROSPECT LUT, leaf level validation was carried out based on ANGERS data with reasonable results both in terms of goodness of fit and root mean square error (RMSE) (C_cx: R² = 0.86, RMSE = 2.1 μg cm⁻²; C_ab: R² = 0.67, RMSE = 12.5 μg cm^-2; C_w: R² = 0.89, RMSE = 0.007 cm). The algorithm was applied to airborne spectrometric HyMap data acquired on 12th July 2003 in Barrax, Spain and to AVIRIS-NG data recorded on 2nd July 2018 southwest of Munich, Germany. Mapping of the SIR results as multiband images (3-segment SIR) allows for intuitive visualization of dominant absorptions with respect to the three considered biochemical variables. Barrax in situ validation using linear regression models derived from PROSAIL LUT showed satisfactory results regarding C_ab (R² = 0.84; RMSE = 9.06 μg cm^-2) and canopy water content (CWC, R² = 0.70; RMSE = 0.05 cm). Retrieved C_cx values were reasonable according to C_ab-C_cx-dependence plausibility analysis. Hence, the presented SIR algorithm allows for computationally efficient and RTM supported robust retrievals of the two most important vegetation pigments as well as of water content and is ready to be applied on satellite imaging spectroscopy data available in the near future. The algorithm is publicly available as an interface supported tool within the 'Agricultural Applications' of the EnMAP-Box 3 hyperspectral remote sensing software suite.     

MODIS短波红外水分胁迫指数及其在农业干旱监测中的适用性分析

植被土壤水分状态的微小变化能引起短波红外光谱反射率的巨大变化。利用MODIS第6波段和第7波段构建短波红外光谱特征空间,依据不同土地利用类型分析不同地物在光谱特征空间中的分布规律,提出MODIS短波红外水分胁迫指数MSIWSI。利用实测20 cm土壤相对湿度验证MSIWSI、EVI以及MPDI与实测数据相关性关系并对比分析不同指数敏感性,利用不同物候期春小麦土壤墒情分析MSIWSI指数适用性。研究结果表明:与其他指数相比,MSIWSI模型与实测土壤湿度的相关性更高;MSIWSI能够反映不同物候期春小麦土壤水分变化趋势,相关性都达到极显著性水平。     

Water diffusion in synthetic iron-free forsterite

The kinetics of hydrogenation of dry synthetic forsterite single crystals was determined by performing experiments under hydrothermal conditions. The experiments were performed at 1.5 GPa, 1000 °C for 3 h in a piston-cylinder apparatus, or at 0.2 GPa, 900–1110 °C, for 3–20 h in TZM cold-seal vessels. The oxygen fugacity was buffered using Fe–FeO or Ni–NiO powders. Polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to quantify the hydroxyl distributions in the samples after the experiments. Hydrogenation rates were measured parallel to the three crystallographic axes from profiles of water content as a function of position in the samples. The chemical diffusion coefficients are marginally slower than in natural iron-bearing olivine for the same diffusion process, but the anisotropy of diffusion is the same, with the [001] axis the fastest direction of diffusion and [100] the slowest. Fits of the diffusion data to an Arrhenius law yield similar activation energies for each of the crystallographic axes; a global fit to all the diffusion data gave 211 ± 18 kJ mol^–1, in reasonable agreement with the previous results for natural olivine. Thus hydrogenation most likely occurs by coupled diffusion of protons and octahedrally coordinated metal vacancies. The diffusion rates are fast enough to modify water contents within xenoliths ascending from the mantle, but probably too slow to permit a total equilibration of forsterite or olivine crystals.     

ICP—AES光谱法测定磷矿石中多元素组分

对磷矿石中P2O5、Al2O3,caO、MgO、Fe2O3、Cd测定方法进行研究,确定试验最佳条件。元素回收率95．3％～105．4％,相对标准偏差（n=12）为2．53％-5．80％,检出限为0．5×10^-6-7．86×10^-6。经几种国家标准物质及矿石样品分析验证,结果满意。     

地基热红外亮温遥感云底高度可行性的模拟研究

本文利用Modtran40模式比较系统地研究了不同强度（以地面能见度表示）和不同类型气溶胶情况下,晴空和各种云所形成的天空红外亮温Tb (Infrared Brightness Temperature)随地面观测天顶角的变化,从中发现利用Tb观测来遥感云底高度CBH（Cloud Base Height）的可行性,以及定量分析气溶胶层的影响.并且根据模拟计算结果,推出了由地面温度和湿度来计算晴天和不同CBH的中低云天天顶Tb的统计算式,以及由观测Tb和地表温、湿值反演CBH的方法.从模式计算和试验的初步结果可以看出：对于低云和中云,地基观测的Tb对CBH的变化有相当的敏感性,因此可以用于CBH的反演.地面气溶胶（能见度和气溶胶类型）对天空背景Tb有明显的影响,必须加以订正.但由于其影响对不同天顶角的贡献有一定的规律性,因此有可能得到较好的订正.     

地震前红外异常的基本特征与成因机理

通过分析发生在中国及相邻地区的40多次地震的卫星热红外图像,总结了卫星红外临震异常的基本特征。对有关异常成因机理的诸家观点进行了阐述,提出了作的倾向性意见。一般情况下Ms＞5地震前均有较清晰的红外临震异常显示,低空大气－地面增温幅度显,并表现出突发性和阶段性特征。异常面积与震级的大上呈一定程度的正相关。作倾向于认为,临震大气静电异常对大气的极化作用是产生热红外异常的主要原因,异常大气的温室效应也是不可忽视的因素。     

镁铝榴石中的结构水的研究

通过对34个取自金伯利岩管中的粗晶镁铝榴石及碱性玄武岩中镁铝榴石巨晶样品的红外光谱分析发现,金伯利岩中部分镁铝榴石粗晶含有结构水,但不同颗粒之间含量差异很大,含量较高者约0.07wt%,而所研究的碱性玄武岩中的镁铝榴石不含结构水。分析发现,结构水在同一样品内分布基本均匀。在红外光谱3800—3500cm~(-1)波长范围内,分别记录到三峰谱和单峰谱两种类型,其中位于3570cm~(-1)±的吸收峰峰位明显受镁铝榴石结构中八配位阳离子(Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+))影响,而六配位阳离子(Cr~(3+)、Al~(3+))的影响不明显。结构水在镁铝榴石晶格中的存在形式是多样的。     

青藏高原雅江缝合带及班公湖-怒江缝合带热红外遥感研究

对青藏高原进行了热红外遥感研究,发现热异常区域变化与前人结论不符.过去认为青藏高原南部的雅江缝合带温度高,北部低;而本文的研究结果是中部的班公-怒江缝合带地区高,雅江缝合带次之,藏北最低.将青藏高原雅江和班公怒江缝合带地区作为研究示范区,开展青藏高原陆面温度场、计算地表比辐射率和野外地表层钻孔测温与数据处理等研究,探索热红外遥感与构造热动力学关系的机理,为青藏高原新构造运动和深部热动力学研究提供科学依据,取得了青藏高原热动力学研究的新成果.