Building Extraction from LIDAR Based Semantic Analysis

IntroductionThanks to a large number of applications ,suchas map updating, urban planning or land useanalysis ,extraction of artificial objects ,such asbuildings ,roads fromthei mages has been an ac-tive research field for many years . Since build-ings ar…     

Speciation of Chromium in Artificially Contaminated Soil Reference Material GSJ JSO-2 Using XANES and Chemical Extraction Methods

The oxidation states of chromium in GSJ JSO-2 (artificially contaminated soil) and three other geochemical reference materials (GSJ JSO-1, JLS-1 and JMS-1) were observed using X-ray near edge structure (XANES). For comparison, other artificially contaminated soil materials (mimic-JSO-2) were prepared by adding Cr(VI) into JSO-1. Their oxidation states of chromium were determined using XANES. The chromium contents were 1118 μg g^-1 for JSO-2, 1352 μg g^-1 for mimic-JSO-2 and 69-113 μg g^-1 for the other reference materials. Most chromium was present as hexavalent in mimic-JSO-2. No hexavalent species were detected in other samples. These results for chromium oxidation state in JSO-2 and mimic-JSO-2 obtained with XANES resembled those obtained from a chemical extraction method. The present JSO-2 has no trace of Cr(VI), although Cr(VI) was added as a major species during preparation. On the other hand, the content of Cr(VI) obtained in mimic-JSO-2 agreed with the original Cr(VI) content. A time-elapse study showed that Cr(VI) contents in mimic-JSO-2 decreased gradually to 70% of the original abundance during 240-day preservation in dry conditions. Moreover, the abundance of Cr(VI) decreased markedly to 15% after 240 days in the wet mimic-JSO-2 containing 20% m/m of water. These experiments suggested that soil humidity enhanced the reduction of Cr(VI) and that Cr(VI) was reduced even in dry conditions. Consequently, it is reasonable to infer that Cr(VI) doped into JSO-2 was completely reduced to Cr(III) during the preservation period of 5 years. The certification of the long-term stability of the chemical form in reference materials will be much more important in future.     

Soil and groundwater pollution of an urban catchment by trace metals: case study of the Addis Ababa region, central Ethiopia

Analysis of the total heavy metal (Cr, Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co) concentration was performed on 33 soil samples taken from different profiles and soil types in a highly urbanized and industrial sector of Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia. They were analyzed using aqua regia extraction coupled with a four-stage sequential extraction (SE) procedure. The objectives of the analysis were to investigate the degree of soil heavy metal contamination, its binding forms, mobility and the implications for the groundwater resource. The results show a relatively high content of the analyzed trace metals in the soil attributed to anthropogenic and geogenic sources. Although most of the trace metals are found in the upper few centimeters of the residual soils, because of churning processes within the black cotton soils, vertical distribution of the trace metals is complex. According to the heavy metal SE analysis, the major heavy metal contribution is from the residual followed by the hydroxide phases. Groundwater heavy metal contamination is present with more than 90 and 50% of the analyzed groundwater samples exceeding WHO guidelines for Cr and Cd, respectively. Since the degree of soil heavy metal contamination has apparently not surpassed the soil’s buffering capacity, it appears that the transport path of these toxic metals to the groundwater is through fractures, joints, and related preferential flow paths.     

纹理特征在多光谱遥感影像分类中的应用

提出了基于灰度共生矩阵的多光谱影像纹理分析的方法,实现了利用k-mean聚类算法对多光谱影像进行分类,比较了各种不同的分类结果。     

基于Beamlet变换的直线特征提取

提出了一种基于Beamlet变换的算法,克服了图像中的各种干扰及噪声,试验结果表明其具有较好的实用价值。     

精密工程测量的发展概述

工程测量的理论与方法的发展,与具体的工程建设戚戚相关。文中概述了现代精密工程测量仪器及方法的发展状况及其在一些具体工程中的应用。     

GIS在统计行业中的应用

地理信息系统技术在很多行业获得了成功的应用,但在统计行业中的应用却相对滞后。本文综述了地理信息系统在统计行业中的应用现状、优势及存在的问题,并对统计地理信息系统的解决方案作了简要分析,给出了建立统计G IS的技术方案和统计G IS的总体框架。     

基于整体变分模型的影像阴影检测算法研究

将影像上普遍存在的阴影视为图像退化的一种特殊形式，以整体变分模型为基础，以影像上阴影区域亮度普遍较暗且较均匀、阴影区域和非阴影区域之间的反差普遍较大的特点为约束，导出了整体变分模型用于影像上阴影检测的基本算法。通过对若干幅实际影像的阴影检测实验表明，本文算法对灰度影像和彩色影像上阴影区域的检测是有效的。     

SuperMap Object在地震灾害预估中应用浅析

用基于易损性矩阵基础上的城市震害预估方法，计算调整损失比后的经济损失，其中包括等震线模型、城市震害模型及建筑物直接经济损失模型等的设计与实现，并针对我国城市的具体情况，编制了一套《城市震害预估及房屋易损性矩阵数据库实时更新软件》，为我国震害预估技术的深层次开发打下坚实的基础。     

东南及沿海地震数据资源信息服务系统

地震数据资源信息检索的不便和交流的缺乏,使研究者不能充分得到地震资料,影响了对地震科学的研究,所以有必要加快地震数据网络间的共享,建立专门的地震数据资源信息服务系统。以东南及沿海地震数据资源信息服务系统为例,从系统的体系结构、功能模块、具体设计等方面探讨了如何建立系统,实现地震数据的共享。