基于云推送和Android的地震信息发布技术

本文分析了地震行业信息发布的特点及需求,在地震信息发布中引入了百度云推送技术,论述了百度云推送在地震行业使用的效果,开发了Android应用接收推送信息。通过百度云推送技术及Android的应用有效地提供了地震信息发布的时效性、稳定性和受众面。     

城市KTV娱乐休闲场所空间分布及扩散规律研究

随着服务业的发展和文化产业的不断推进,城市文化娱乐休闲服务业成为城市经济和社会发展的重要标志和推动力。本文以地理空间实体数据和商业统计数据为基础,以GIS 的空间数据可视化和统计分析方法,研究典型城市娱乐休闲服务业KTV在中国大陆地区的行业发展、空间分布及空间扩散特征。研究表明,KTV在全国发展迅速、分布广泛,在宏、中、微观的全国、省域和市域尺度下,其空间分布分别表现出空间区域分异、等级差异、面状均衡和中心集聚等特征,并与区域经济、人口、文化等因素有一定的相关性。各种类型KTV在空间扩散上具有由东向西,由中心向周边扩散的特点,其中连锁类KTV扩散具有社会经济现象地理扩散规律,主要表现为空间等级扩散和接触扩散特征。     

基于主成分分析土壤水分扩散率单一参数模型的BP神经网络模型

应用水平土柱法测定了杨凌地区典型粘壤土的水分扩散率,利用土壤水分扩散率的单对数模型和双对数模型对其进行了拟合,建立了土壤水分扩散率单一参数模型,基于主成分分析建立了单一参数模型中参数B的BP神经网络模型。结果表明：利用主成分分析可将研究区域土壤容重、有机质含量、粘粒含量、粗粉粒含量和砂粒含量综合成3个主成分;基于主成分分析建立的BP神经网络模型拟合的单一参数模型参数[B]的均方根误差RMSE为0.308 2;将拟合得到的参数B代入单一参数模型中对土壤水分扩散率进行预测,除去其中较大值的预测结果偏低外,其余土壤水分扩散率预测结果都比较接近实测值,预测结果的均方根误差RMSE为0.257 8,可利用基于主成分分析建立的BP神经网络模型预测单一参数模型中的参数B。     

Assessment of meteorological disasters based on information diffusion theory in Xinjiang,Northwest China

Data of flood, drought, hailstorms, and low temperature events in Xinjiang from 1949 to 2012 were analyzed with the diffusion method to assess the risk of the most common types of disasters in Xinjiang. It was proved that the frequency and intensity of meteorological disasters of the study area showed an increasing trend associated with global warming. Among the four types of disasters, surpass probability of drought was the largest, followed by hailstorm, low temperature and flood in turn. Moreover, the wavelet method analysis revealed that greater oscillations had occurred since 2000, which may be associated with the occurrence of extreme climatic changes. The spatial distribution of frequencies reveals that the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains is a multiple disaster area, the southern slope of Tianshan is the area where more floods and hailstorms occur, and the west of Turpan-Hami Basin is the area wind is prevalent. The relationships between disaster-affected areas and corresponding meteorological and socio-economic indexes were also analyzed. It indicated that there were significant positive correlations between the areas affected and the most meteorological and socio-economic indicators except the grain acreage.     

An analytical solution for one-dimensional contaminant diffusion through multi-layered system and its applications

An analytical solution for one-dimensional contaminant diffusion through multi-layered media is derived regarding the change of the concentration of contaminants at the top boundary with time. The model accounts for the arbitrary initial conditions and the conditions of zero concentration and zero mass flux on the bottom boundary. The average degree of diffusion of the layered system is introduced on the basis of the solution. The results obtained by the presented analytical solutions agree well with those obtained by the numerical methods presented in the literature papers. The application of the analytical solution to the problem of landfill liner design is illustrated by considering a composite liner consisting of geomembrane and compacted clay liner. The results show that the 100-year mass flux of benzene at the bottom of the composite liner is 45 times higher than that of acetone for the same composite liner. The half-life of the contaminant has a great influence on the solute flux of benzene diffused into the underlying aquifer. Results also indicates that an additional 2.9–5.0 m of the conventional (untreated) compacted clay liner under the geomembrane is required to achieve the same level of protection as provided by 0.60 m of the Hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-treated compacted clay liners in conjunction with the geomembrane. Applications of the solution are also presented in the context of a contaminated two-layered media to demonstrate that different boundary and initial conditions can greatly affect the decontamination rate of the problem. The method is relatively simple to apply and can be used for performing equivalency analysis of landfill liners, preliminary design of groundwater remediation system, evaluating experimental results, and verifying more complex numerical models.     

煤层气分馏效应研究进展及其应用

煤层气自生成以来发生的组分分馏和同位素分馏,指示了煤层气成藏过程,这使得煤层气富集区预测成为可能。基于近年来国内外文献,将煤层气分馏划分为成因分馏和运移分馏两大类,并对各种分馏效应的研究进展情况进行了系统述评。同时论述了煤层气分馏效应的地质及工程应用现状,认为进一步探讨矿物在煤层气热解—裂解分馏中的作用和效应,培育能适应较高温度和压力且能高效利用CO2生成生物CH4的优良菌种,建立多种分馏效应共存的煤层气分馏综合效应模型,是近期本领域研究应努力的方向。     

Hybrid analytical and finite element numerical modeling of mass and heat transport in fractured rocks with matrix diffusion

Quantification of mass and heat transport in fractured porous rocks is important to areas such as contaminant transport, storage and release in fractured rock aquifers, the migration and sorption of radioactive nuclides from waste depositories, and the characterization of engineered heat exchangers in the context of enhanced geothermal systems. The large difference between flow and transport characteristics in fractures and in the surrounding matrix rock means models of such systems are forced to make a number of simplifications. Analytical approaches assume a homogeneous system, numerical approaches address the scale at which a process is operating, but may lose individual important processes due to averaging considerations. Numerical stability criteria limit the contrasts possible in defining material properties. Here, a hybrid analytical–numerical method for transport modeling in fractured media is presented. This method combines a numerical model for flow and transport in a heterogeneous fracture and an analytical solution for matrix diffusion. By linking the two types of model, the advantages of both methods can be combined. The methodology as well as the mathematical background are developed, verified for simple geometries, and applied to fractures representing experimental field conditions in the Grimsel rock laboratory.     

地理信息科学学科领域界定再思考

地理信息科学形成与发展已十多年,该文介绍、分析、论证了Goodchild关于地理信息科学是“信息科学有关地理信息的一个分支学科”定义的准确性;通过对地理信息科学的发展,信息科学的学科界定、认知问题、研究主题等国内外的一些研究工作与成果的重新思考、分析与研究,较为详细地讨论了地理信息科学的重要研究主题,界定了地理信息科学的学科领域,旨在为推动地理信息学科的发展做贡献。     

抓好地球空间信息的数据源--大力发展我国的高分辨率卫星对地观测事业

随着改革开放25年的建设,中国已沿着信息化带动工业发展的道路健康向前发展。在我国已成功实现载人飞船上天,将要开展卫星探月的同时,更加有必要大力发展我国独立自主的卫星对地观测事业,并使之成为国家经济建设、国家安全和社会可持续发展的有力保障,形成推动国民经济发展的强大产业链。文章从抓好地球空间信息的数据源这一角度来分析大力发展我国对地观测卫星及使之产业化的必要性,在分析现在存在的主要问题基础上,对今后我国的卫星对地观测事业提出了若干建设性建议。     

Diffusion and dispersion in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence: The influence of mean magnetic fields

The properties of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence under the influence of a strong mean magnetic field are investigated from the Lagrangian viewpoint by tracking fluid particles in direct numerical simulations. The particle trajectories show characteristic bends near vortex sheets. A strong mean magnetic field leads to preferential diffusion parallel to the mean magnetic field. The two‐particle relative dispersion process shows a dependence on the orientation of the initial separation vector. The relative dispersion is slowed down for initial separation vectors aligned with the mean magnetic field. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)